Heart anatomy

Which prenatal structure forms the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk

Truncus arteriosus

The bicuspid or mitral valve is located

Between the left atrium and left ventricle

Rupture of the papillary muscles in the left ventricle may result in

Bicuspid prolapse, mitral regurgitation, bicuspid regurgitation, mitral valve prolapse

When the left ventricle contracts, the distance from the apex to the base

Decreases

Coronary veins empty into the

right atrium

The fossa ovalis appears just above the opening of the coronary sinus within the

right atrium

The right border of the heart is supplied by the

right marginal artery

The pulmonary semilunar valve prevents backward flow into the

right ventricle

The pericardial cavity is between the

visceral and parietal layers of the serous pericardium

The interventricular sulci and coronary sulcus contain

ateries, fat, veins

The wall of the left ventricle is thicker than the right because

both the left ventricle does more work than the right ventricle and the left ventricle produces a higher pressure than the right.

The function of the atrium is to

collect blood and pump blood to the ventricle

Blood is supplied to the myocardium by

coronary arteries

Which vessel returns most of the venous blood from the heart to the right atrium?

coronary sinus

There is a foramen ovale in the skull and another one in the heart. The foramen ovale in the heart gives rise to the

fossa ovalis

The foramen ovale of the fetal heart is an opening in the

interatrial septum

Pectinate muscles are found on the:

internal walls of the right and left atria

Blood within the pulmonary veins returns to the

left atrium

Identify the structure labeled 21

ligamentum arteriosum

Of the three layers of the heart wall, the layer that contains the cardiac muscle is the

myocardium

Identify the structure labeled 8

papillary muscles

From which view is the connection between the pulmonary veins and the heart most visible

posterior view

Which of the cardiovascular system's circuits has deoxygenated blood in its arteries?

pulmonary circuit

Identify the structure labeled 19

pulmonary semilunar valve

Which carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

pulmonary veins

Most of the middle layer in the heart wall is composed of

Cardiac myocytes

Threadlike structures of the endocardium that prevent prolapse of the atrioventricular valves

Chordae tendineae

Identify the highlighted artery

Circumflex

The great middle cardiac vein drains blood into the

Coronary sinus

Rhe right atrium recieves blood from the

Coronary sinus, inferior vena cava, superior vena cava

The internal C- shaped crest of the right atrium which indicates the openings for the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava is

Crista terminalis

Identify the letter that indicates the left auricle

D

Identify the letter that indicates the location of the subendocardial conducting network.

D

Do these vessels carry oxygenated blood or deoxygenated blood?

Deoxygenated

The region between the right and left pleural cavities is the

Mediastinum

Identify the highlighted vessel

Middle cardiac vein

When the semilunar valves close, the AV valves then

Open

The sequence of pericardial layers from superficial to deep is the fibrous, ________, and visceral pericardium.

Parietal

The heart lies within the___

Pericardial cavity

Identify the highlighted vessel.

Posterior interventricular artery

Which correctly describes the heart's apex?

Projects slightly anteroinferiorly toward the left side of the body

Identify the highlighted structure.

Pulmonary trunk

The right ventricle pumps blood to the

Right and left lungs

Identify the highlighted structure.

Right ventricle

The heart beat is initiated by the cells of the _____ node.

Sinoatrial ( SA)

The_____ cardiac vein travels alongside the right marginal artery

Small

Identify the highlighted vessel

Small cardiac vein

The highlighted structure receives deoxygenated blood from three vessels, name one.

Superior vena cava

The____ circuit carries blood from the aorta to the right ventricle

Systemic

_____ is to the contraction as_____ is to relaxation

Systole;diastole and ejection; filling

Irregular ridges in the walls of the ventricles are called

Trabeculae carneae

T/F-Immediately prior to atrial contraction, blood continues to enter the atria from the venae cavae and pulmonary veins

True

T/F-It is the contraction of the atria during atrial systole that completes the filling of the ventricles while the ventricles are in diastole

True

T/F-Normally, the left and right ventricles eject the same amount of blood

True

T/F-Oxygen rich blood returning from the lungs enters the left atrium through two right and two left pulmonary veins

True

T/F-The electrical event that begins each heartbeat occurs at the sinoatrial (SA) node

True

T/F-The left ventricle walls are typically thicker than the right ventricular wall

True

T/F-The main functions of the cardiovascular system include the transpot and exchange of respiratory gases, nutrients, and wastes through out the body

True

T/F-The receiving chambers of the heart are the atria, and the forcefully pumping chambers of the heart are the ventricles

True

Is the highlighted structure closed during atrial systole, or during ventricular systole?

Ventricular systole

If the beating heart makes a "lub-dub" sound the "dup" sound is caused bu

Vibrations that result from the semilunar valves slamming shut

The term "epicardium" is another name for the

Visceral layer of the serosal pericardium

An equivelent term for epicardium is

Visceral pericardium

The left ventricle pumps blood to the

aorta

The inferior point of the heart is called the___

apex

______ carry blood away from the heart

arteries

The heart has four chambers , two small thin walled ______ and two large muscular ______.

atria and ventricles

The earlike extension of the atrium is the

auricle

The connective tissue fibers of the myocardium a. provide physical support for cardiac muscle b. Add strength and prevent overexpansion of heart c. Provide elasticity to help return the heart to its normal size d. Help distribute the forces of contraction e. All of the above

e. All of the above

The auricles are

earlike flaps on the surface of the atria

Artery is to _____ as vein is to ____.

efferent and afferent

The ____ lines the chambers of the heart , covers the heart valves , and is continuous with the endothelium.

endocardium

The ________ covers the outer surface of the heart.

epicardium

The visceral pericardium is the same as the

epicardium

The structure that permits blood flow from the right atrium to the left atrium in the fetal circulation is the

foramen ovale

This blood vessel is located in the anterior interventricular sulcus

great cardiac vein

The pulmonary veins carry blood to the

heart

The _____ separates the two atria

interatrial septum

The foramen ovale in the fetal heart is located in the

interatrial septum

The first heart sound ( lub)

is associated with closing of the mitral valve.

Most of the mass of the heart lies to the ________ of the midline.

left

Blood returning to the heart from the pulmonary circuit first enters the

left atrium

Blood is supplied to the left atrium by the

left coronary artery

The circumflex branch and the anterior interventricular artery are branches of the

left coronary artery

The heart chamber with the thickest wall is the

left ventricle

The pulmonary arteries carry blood to the

lungs

The coronary sulcus is a groove that

marks the border between the atria and ventricles.

In the middle of the thoracic cavity is a region occupied by the heart, great vessels, thymus, esophagus, and trachea called the

mediastinum

The space between the pleural cavities is called the

mediastinum

Heart valve with two cusps

mitral valve

The middle layer of the heart wall that is made of cardiac muscle tissue is

myocardium

The muscle layer of the heart

myocardium

Contraction of these structures tightens the chordae tendineae, preventing valve prolapse.

papillary muscles

What structures anchor the chordae tendinae

papillary muscles

The pericardial cavity lies between

parietal pericardium and visceral pericardium

Which of the following structures is not found in the left ventricle

pectinate muscles

Contractions of the papillary muscles

prevent the atrioventricular valves from reversing into the atria.

Oxygen is added to blood as it flows through the ________ circuit.

pulmonary

The _____ circuit carries blood to and from the lungs

pulmonary

The valve responsible for preventing backflow of blood from the lungs into the heart

pulmonary semilunar valve

Blood leaves the right ventricle by passing through the

pulmonary valve

Which of the following vessels does not carry oxygen poor blood to the heart

pulmonary vein

The left ventricular wall of the heart is thicker than the right ventricular wall so that it can

pump blood with greater pressure

Compared to the right ventricle, the left ventricle has all the following characteristics, except that it

pumps a greater volume

As blood is pumped out of the heart and into the major arteries leaving the heart, it

pushes against the semilunar valves and opens them

Oxygen-poor blood returns to the heart and enters the

right atrium

The heart chamber that receives blood from the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus

right atrium

The marginal branch and posterior interventricular branch are branches of the

right coronary artery

The _____ delivers blood to the myocardium

right coronary artery and left coronary artery

The normal pacemaker of the heart is located in

sinoatrial node

Oxygen is removed from blood as it flows through the ________ circuit.

systemic

Contraction phase of the cardiac cycle

systole

Muscular ridges on the inner surface of the ventricles are called

trabeculae carneae

Blood flowing into the heart from the venae cavae flows next through the ____ valve.

tricuspid

_____ carry blood toward the heart.

veins

The inferior chambers of the heart are called

ventricles

The epicardium is the same as

visceral layer of serous pericardium

The tricuspid valve is closed

when the ventricle is in systole

The heart chamber that pumps oxygenated blood around the systemic circuit is the

Left ventricle

The ______ ventricle has a greater workload than the _____

Left; right ventricle

Identify the highlighted artery.

Marginal

Which vein drains the posterior aspect of the ventricles of the heart

Middle cardiac vein

The layer of the heart wall composed if cardiac muscle tissue is the

Myocardium

The crista terminalis can be used to locate all of the following structures except the

Opening of the pulmonary veins

Identify the highlighted structure.

Papillary muscles

The heart valves

Permit the passage of blood in one direction

What part of the cardiac conduction system is located in the posterior wall of the right atrium, adjacent to the entrance of the superior vena cava

SA node

The papillary muscles attach to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves by means of the

Tendinous cords

Typically, there are __________ papillary muscles that project from the wall of the left ventricle and attach to the tendinous cords that support the left AV valve.

Two

Which of the following veins does not deliver blood directly to the right atrium

great cardiac veins

The posterior interventricular sulcus

is a groove between the ventricles on the back of the heart

Which heart chambers contain deoxygenated blood?

right atrium and right ventricle

Which pair is located more anteriorly in a heart in normal position?

right atrium and right ventricle

During ventricular contraction

The semilunar valves open and the AV valves close

The atrioventricular valve (AV) node is located in the

Floor of the right atrium

During ventricular systole, blood is

Forced from the ventricles into the aorta and pulmonary trunk

Identify the highlighted vessel.

Great cardiac vein

Identify the highlighted structure.

Interatrial septum

Identify the structure labeled 6

cusp of tricuspid valve

When the left ventricle contracts, the diameter of the ventricular chamber

decreases

The inner endothelial layer that lines the heart is

endocardium

Which chamber receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary circuit?

16

How many half-moon shaped, pocketlike cusps are found in each semilunar valve?

3

In this figure showing an anterior view of the heart, the left atrium is noted by number

4

Identify the highlighted structure.

Trabeculae carneae

Identify the highlighted structure

Aorta

The pulmonary trunk receives blood from the right ventricle and conducts it toward the lung. The pulmonary trunk is a(n)

Artery

Identify the highlighted structure.

Chordae tendineae

The "heartstrings" are

Chordae tendineae

Which action leads to the closure of the right atrioventricular valve

Contraction of the right ventricle

Blood is carried to capillaries in the myocardium by way of the

Coronary arteries

Identify the highlighted vessel

Coronary sinus

Where are the cell to cell contacts of the cardiac muscle fibers called

Intercalated discs

Identify the highlighted structure.

Tricuspid valve

In this figure showing an anterior view of the heart, what is depicted by number 7

Right atrioventricular valve/tricuspid

Blood returning to the heart from the systemic circuit first enters the

Right atrium

The highlighted vessel returns blood from the body to which chamber of the heart

Right atrium

Each of the receiving chambers of the heart has a wrinkled flaplike extension ; the one that is more visible from the anterior view is the

Right auricle

Identify the highlighted structure.

Right auricle

A specific coronary vessel that lies in the coronary sulcus is the

Right coronary artery

Identify the highlighted vessel.

Right pulmonary veins

The small cardiac vein is present on the

Right ventricle

Identify the highlighted vessel

Superior vena cava

The right ventricle pumps blood into which vessel

The pulmonary trunk

A drop of blood returning to the heart from the head region would enter the heart through which vessel

The superior vena cava

The highlighted structure consists of

Three semilunar cusps

The great cardiac vein runs alongside the

anterior interventricular artery

A specific coronary vessel that lies in the anterior interventricular sulcus is the

anterior interventricular artery/Left anterior descending artery (LAD).

During left ventricular systole, blood exits the heart to enter the

aorta

Which valve prevents the backflow of blood into the left ventricle when the ventricles relax

aortic semilunar valve

Semilunar valves are located

between the ventricles and the great arteries

The _______ valve prevents backward flow into the left atrium

bicuspid

Which circuit of the cardiovascular system includes the left ventricle and aorta?

systemic circuit

Which circuit of the cardiovascular system is responsible for sending blood to the kidneys, stomach, and pelvic regions?

systemic circuit

The function of the coronary sinus is to

take blood from the coronary circulation to the right atrium

The semilunar valves are closed when

the ventricles are relaxing

The internal wall surface of each ventricle displays large, smooth, irregular muscular ridges called

trabeculae carneae

Relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle

diastole

Identify the highlighted vessel.

Brachiocephalic trunk

Identify the three branches of the highlighted vessel

Brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery

Identify the letter that indicates the ligamentum arteriosum

C

Identify the letter that indicates the location of the bundle branches.

C

The heart beats approximately ______ times each day

100,000

There are ___ pulmonary veins

4

The following are structural components of the conducting system of the heart, what is the sequence in which excitation would move through this system is

4,3,2,5,1

The following is a list of vessels and structures that are associated with the heart

5, 1, 3, 7, 8, 2, 4, 6

Identify the letter that indicates the left atrioventricular valve

A

Identify the letter that indicates the left common carotid artery

A

The heart is roughly the size of

A mans clenched fist

During ventricular systole, the

AV valves are closed

The first heart sound is heard when the

AV valves close

Identify the highlighted vessel

Anterior interventricular artery

Identify the highlighted structure

Apex

The inferior, conical end of the heart is called the_____

Apex

Which of the following descriptions matches the term "near the left fifth intercostal space"?

Apex of the heart

Identify the highlighted vessel

Ascending aorta

Cells of the conducting system located between between the AV node and bundle branches

Atrioventricular bundle (Bundle of His)

The anterior part of each atrium is a flaplike extension called a(n)

Auricle

Identify the letter that indicates anchor points for chordae tendineae , composed of cells from the myocardium.

B

Identify the letter that indicates the aortic arch

B

The highlighted structure is a remnant of which structure in the fetus ?

Ductus arteriosus

Identify the letter that indicates the left coronary artery

E

Identify the letter that indicates the tissue layer of the heart known as the epicardium

E

T/F -Arteries carry blood toward the heart, while veins carry blood away from the heart

False

T/F -During ventricular contraction, the semilunar valves close in order to permit the blood to enter the large arterial trunks that carry blood away from the heart.

False

T/F -Purkinje fibers are small fibers within the atria that conduct impulses rapidly

False

T/F-Papillary muscles are horizontal ridges in the walls of the atrium

False

T/F-The middle cardiac vein lies alongside the anterior interventricular artery

False

T/F-The right and left coronary arteries arise from the ascending aorta

False

In the fetus, what structure is located at the highlighted site

Foramen ovale

The atrioventricular valves permit blood flow

In one direction only

Identify the highlighted structure.

Left atrium

The heart chamber that receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins

Left atrium

Identify the highlighted structure.

Left auricle

Identify the highlighted structures

Left ventricle

The walls of the _____ are thicker so as to push blood through the systemic circuit.

Left ventricle

The heart is innervated by ___ nerves

both parasympathetic and sympathetic

What is the sequence of events in the transmission of an impulse through the heart muscle

c, d, a, b, f, g, e

The cusps ( leaflets) of atrioventricular valves attach directly to

chordae tendineae

Coronary artery that supplies the left atrium

circumflex artery

The first blood vessels to branch from the aorta are the ____ arteries

coronary

The right atrium receives blood from the superior vena cava , inferior vena cava, and _____.

coronary sinus

The atria are separated from the ventricles externally by the

coronary sulcus