Hemodynamics Week 8: Abdominal Hemodynamics

Both the IVC and aorta can be visualized in the short axis. On which side of the body do they lie? a. IVC left of midline and aorta right of midline b. IVC right of midline and aorta left of midline

b. IVC right of midline and aorta left of midline

Which of the following best describes an aneurysm? a. narrowing of a vessel wall caused by thrombus b. abnormal dilation cause by weakening of the vessel wall c. expansion of the vessel due to increased fluid d. an expansion of the vessel of less than 3 cm.

b. abnormal dilation cause by weakening of the vessel wall

You are asked to scan the SMA. At which time would you normally find a low resistance wave form in the SMA? a. before a meal (pre-prandial) b. after a meal (post-prandial)

b. after a meal (post-prandial)

Which of the following best describes a saccular aneurysm? a. circumferential dilation b. an out-pouching c. intimal tear

b. an out-pouching

In the image of an abdominal aortic aneurysm, the area in blue represents the.... a. clot b. flow c. plaque d. wall

b. flow

All of the following are risk factors for aneurysms EXCEPT: a. atherosclerosis b. hypotension c. infection d. heredity

b. hypotension

Which of the following describes fluid expansion? a. nothing to eat or drink for 24 hours b. infusion of fluid or blood c. amount of fluid eliminated in the form of urine d. increasing the contractility of the heart

b. infusion of fluid or blood

All of the following are direct branches off of the aorta EXCEPT: a. superior mesenteric artery b. left gastric artery c. right renal artery d. left renal artery

b. left gastric artery

What sonographic appearance will be found when scanning the IVC of an adequately hydrated patient? a. abnormal in size and does not vary with respiration b. normal in size and varies with respiration c. normal in size but does not respond to respiration d. small in size and does not respond to respiration

b. normal in size and varies with respiration

An aneurysm is measured from.... a. inner wall to inner wall b. outer wall to outer wall c. only the lumen of the aneurysm is measured

b. outer wall to outer wall

The Resistive Index (RI) is often calculated when assessing the renal arteries. The measurement is a ratio of the... a. peak diastole to peak systole b. peak systole to end diastole c. end diastole d. end systole and end diastole

b. peak systole to end diastole

In the image, which vessel is seen anterior to the IVC? a. portal triad b. portal vein c. portal artery d. hepatic vein

b. portal vein

What renal vessel is anterior to the Aorta and posterior to the IVC and can be confused with the crus of the diaphragm? a. left gastric artery b. right renal artery c. left renal vein d. left renal artery

b. right renal artery

The abdominal aorta should first be observed in which plane? a. long axis b. short axis c. oblique

b. short axis

The term "hypovolemia" means which of the following? a. above normal fluid volume b. normal fluid volume c. below normal fluid volume d. vomiting

c. below normal fluid volume

A tumor in the IVC would demonstrate which of the following: a. normal flow pattern b. increase in flow c. decrease in flow

c. decrease in flow

The aorta can be distinguished from the IVC by all of the following EXCEPT: a. color flow b. pulsatility c. depth in tissue d. spectral waveform

c. depth in tissue

The waveform of the IVC is pulsatile in appearance due to proximity to the ... a. brain b. lungs c. heart d. aorta

c. heart

An aortic thrombus can break off and cause all of the following EXCEPT: a. stroke b. heart attack c. hemorrhage d. kidney failure

c. hemorrhage

Which of the following best describes the role of an inotropic agent? a. increase heart rate b. decrease heart rate c. increase contractility of the heart d. decrease contractility of the heart

c. increase contractility of the heart

Blood from the hepatic vein returns blood to the..... a. heart b. portal vein c. inferior vena cava d. aorta

c. inferior vena cava

In which location do most aortic aneurysms occur? a. suprarenal b. medial to the renal vein c. infrarenal d. lateral to the renal artery

c. infrarenal

Plaque localization in the aorta is due to... a. lack of oxygen b. high velocity flow c. low velocity flow d. normal blood flow

c. low velocity flow

When you measure the aorta you should use which of the following techniques? a. inner wall to inner wall b. inner wall to outer wall c. outer wall to outer wall d. superior to inferior

c. outer wall to outer wall

Which of the following is the most common approach to measuring the aneurysm? a. oblique axis b. long axis c. short axis d. lateral long axis

c. short axis

The second vessel off the abdominal aorta that brings oxygenated blood to the intestines to aid in digestion is... a. celiac artery b. splenic artery c. superior mesenteric artery d. left renal artery

c. superior mesenteric artery

Which of the following is a landmark to assist in identifying the abdominal aorta? a. the IVC b. the liver c. the spine d. the bowel

c. the spine

If the color map is set with red above the baseline and blue below the baseline, then flow in a vessel that appears red is flowing... a. toward the heart b. away from the heart c. toward the transducer d. away from the transducer e. you cannot tell from the information provided

c. toward the transducer

Congestive heart failure may lead to all of the following EXCEPT: a. ascites b. peripheral edema c. venous stenosis d. renal failure

c. venous stenosis

The distal branches of the abdominal aorta are which of the following? a. popliteal arteries b. femoral arteries c. tibial arteries d. iliac arteries

d. iliac arteries

All of the following are branches of the celiac axis EXCEPT: a. hepatic artery b. splenic artery c. left gastric artery d. right gastric artery

d. right gastric artery

The splenic vein is ... a. anterior to the Superior Mesenteric Artery (SMA) b. posterior to the Superior Mesenteric Artery (SMA) c. anterior to the Superior Mesenteric Vein (SMV) d. posterior to the Inferior Vena Cava (IVC)

a. anterior to the Superior Mesenteric Artery (SMA)

One would evaluate the aorta for all of the following types of aneurysms EXCEPT: a. berry aneurysms b. fusiform aneurysms c. saccular aneurysms d. dissecting aneurysms

a. berry aneurysms

Which of the following best describes a fusiform aneurysm? a. circumferential dilation b. an out-pouching c. intimal tear

a. circumferential dilation

Which term refers to reversed flow in the portal vein? a. hepatofugal b. hepatopedal

a. hepatofugal

Which term describes blood flowing toward the liver? a. hepatopedal b. hepatofugal

a. hepatopedal

The normal waveform of the aorta includes: a. high resistance and a clean spectral window b. low resistance and a clean spectral window c. both high resistance and low resistance

a. high resistance and a clean spectral window

Which of the following best describes spontaneous respiration? a. normal breathing b. forced inspiration c. sniff test

a. normal breathing