Heredity & Mutations study island

Random mutations can occur in an organism's DNA, causing traits that are different from other organisms in that species. Sometimes these mutations can cause problems for the organism, but other times they are beneficial. What is a possible benefit to a random mutation in an organism? -The mutation could let the organism run faster. -The mutation could make it easier for an organism to obtain food. -The mutation could make an organism need more food. -The mutation could improve the organism's sight.

-The mutation could let the organism run faster. -The mutation could make it easier for an organism to obtain food.

Lactase is a protein that is located in the small intestine. The function of lactase is to digest lactose, which is a sugar found in dairy products. Many people produce enough lactase to successfully digest dairy products. However, some people do not produce enough lactase and have difficulty digesting dairy products. This is a condition called lactose intolerance.Which statement is the best conclusion based on the information given about the digestion of lactose? A. The ability to digest lactose is a trait that results from the activity of a digestive protein. B. The trait of lactose intolerance is unrelated to the activity of proteins in the digestive system. C. Protein activity affects the structural traits, but not the functional traits, of the digestive system. D. All organisms have the same digestive protein activity regardless of the traits they exhibit.

A. The ability to digest lactose is a trait that results from the activity of a digestive protein.

Hemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells that binds oxygen. If a mutation occurs in the DNA that codes for hemoglobin, the structure of hemoglobin can change. The change in structure of hemoglobin can then change the shape of red blood cells, and some mutations can cause red blood cells to become sickle-shaped.Sickled red blood cells carry less oxygen than normal red blood cells. What does this demonstrate about mutations in the DNA that codes for hemoglobin? A. These mutations can change the structure and function of hemoglobin. B. These mutations are unable to affect the structure and function of hemoglobin. C. These mutations decrease the amount of oxygen available to bind with hemoglobin. D. These mutations can change the structure of oxygen so that it does not bind to hemoglobin.

A. These mutations can change the structure and function of hemoglobin.

The butterflies shown below all belong to the same species, but one of them has inherited a rare mutation for blue wings rather than orange wings. The butterflies feed on nectar from orange flowers, and their color acts as camouflage while they feed.What will most likely happen to the butterfly with blue wings? A. It will be less likely to survive because it will be more visible to predators. B. It will be less likely to survive because it won't be able to find orange flowers. C. It will be more likely to survive because it will be more attractive to potential mates. D. It will be more likely to survive because mutations always help an organism.

A. It will be less likely to survive because it will be more visible to predators.

Genes are located ? A. only in sex cells. B. only in chromosomes. C. in cytoplasm. D. in inherited traits.

B. only in chromosomes

Mutations are changes in the DNA of an organism. Changes caused by mutations can affect the structure and function of different proteins in the body. What is true about mutations in organism? A. Changes caused by mutations always have negative effects on an organism. B. Changes caused by mutations can be harmful, beneficial, or neutral to an organism. C. Changes caused by mutations never have an effect on an organism's cells. D. Changes caused by mutations always have positive effects on an organism.

B. Changes caused by mutations can be harmful, beneficial, or neutral to an organism.

Which statement about the relationship between an organism's traits and its genes is true? A. An organism's genes are a direct result of its inherited traits. B. Genes code for proteins that determine an organism's traits. C. Traits code for the proteins that determine an organism's genes. D. Genes code for the DNA that determines an organism's traits.

B. Genes code for proteins that determine an organism's traits.

Why do different individuals of the same species have different traits?A. An individual's proteins cause variations among its genes. B. An individual's genes result in proteins with completely different functions. C. An individual's genes result in variations among its proteins. D. An individual's proteins produce genes with completely different functions.

C. An individual's genes result in variations among its proteins.

A _______ is a basic unit of hereditary information. It contains a specific segment of DNA that influences a particular trait or group of traits. A. nucleus B. gamete C. gene D. genome

C. Gene

Which of the following statements is true? A. Genes make up cells. B. Chromosomes make up proteins. C. Genes make up chromosomes. D. Chromosomes make up genes.

C. Genes make up chromosomes

Gluten is a mix of proteins that are produced in some grains, such as wheat. Rice does not naturally contain gluten in its grains. However, scientists have used a method which induced mutations in rice plants and successfully created a strain of rice that produces gluten. The method involved exposing plants, seeds, or pollen to radiation. The resulting plants were then grown and tested for different traits.Which statement best describes the effect of the radiation on the rice plants? A. The radiation caused changes to the genetic material of the rice plants, which turned them into wheat plants. B. The radiation caused changes to the proteins of the rice plants, which transformed the plants' proteins into gluten. C. The radiation caused changes to the genetic material of the rice plants, which lead to the production of new proteins. D. The radiation caused changes to the proteins of the rice plants, which lead to the creation of a new species of plant.

C. The radiation caused changes to the genetic material of the rice plants, which lead to the production of new proteins.

A challenge in agriculture is growing crops without also growing unwanted plants such as weeds. To prevent weeds from growing in the same area as soybean crops, scientists have developed a certain herbicide that destroys a protein found in all plants. Scientists also created a genetically modified soybean strain that is resistant to the herbicide by injecting bacterial DNA into the nuclei of the cells in the soybean seeds. When the herbicide is sprayed on a field where genetically modified soybean plants are grown, all of the weeds growing on the field die, but the soybean plants live. Which statement best explains why the soybean plants are resistant to the herbicide? A. The scientists replaced some DNA in the soybean plants, which changed some parts of the soybean plants into bacteria. B. The scientists changed the structure of the soybean plants, which allowed the soybean plants to survive without proteins. C. The scientists altered the genetic makeup of the soybean plants, which changed the types of proteins the soybean plants produced. D. The scientists modified the proteins that are found in soybean plants, which changed how the soybean plants react to herbicides.

C. The scientists altered the genetic makeup of the soybean plants, which changed the types of proteins the soybean plants produced.

A gene is a segment of DNA on a chromosome. How are genes related to the proteins made by a cell? A. All genes in a cell have the same exact structure, so all genes code for the same exact set of proteins. B. All genes in a cell have the same exact structure, but each gene codes for a different set of proteins. C. The structure of the genes in a cell determines the structure of the proteins made by the cell. D. The structure of the genes in a cell is unrelated to the structure of the proteins made by the cell.

C. The structure of the genes in a cell determines the structure of the proteins made by the cell.

Inherited traits are traits that children get from their parents through? A. infection. B. imitating their parents. C. genes. D. sharing their parents' environment.

C. genes.

What process will occur if an error is made during DNA replication, resulting in a slight change to the structure of a gene? A. natural selection B. extinction C. mutation D. combination

C. mutation

An organism's body is constructed using the information contained in A. proteins. B. inherited traits. C. memory. D. genes.

D. Genes

A mutation occurs in a sequence of DNA. How could the DNA mutation affect the protein produced? A. The protein would cause other proteins to mutate. B. The mutation could change every protein in the cell. C. The chromosomes in the protein could be changed. D. The structure of the protein could be changed.

D. The structure of the protein could be changed.

A family pedigree shows how a particular mutation affects individuals and their offspring. Horizontal lines connect parents, while vertical lines lead from parent to child.The family pedigree below shows how the mutation for color blindness affects three generations.What does this pedigree suggest about genetic mutations? A. that color blindness is a helpful mutation B. that mutations always occur randomly in families C. that males cannot inherit a mutation D. that mutations can be passed from one generation to the next

D. that mutations can be passed from one generation to the next

Genes code for specific traits in living organisms. Alleles are different versions of a particular gene, and they are responsible for... A. environmentally induced mutations. B. changes in weather and climate. C. acquired characteristics, such as scars. D. variations in inherited characteristics.

D. variations in inherited characteristics.

What is the hierarchical relationship of the following genetic components, from smallest to largest?

Gene-DNA molecule-Chromosomes

_____________ are segments of DNA that code for a particular trait. A combination of DNA and proteins make up _____________.

Genes are segments of DNA that code for a particular trait. A combination of DNA and proteins make up Chromosomes

Arrange the following events in the order they would occur.

One or more base pairs are accidentally inserted into a DNA sequence during DNA replication. A DNA sequence is used as a template to form an altered protein product. A new or different trait is expressed in an organism, which could be beneficial, harmful, or neutral.

Salivary amylase is a digestive protein in the saliva. Salivary amylase is structured so that it can only digest starch molecules. Based on this information, what conclusion can be made about the structure and function of proteins? A. The structure of a protein can influence the protein's function. B. Proteins with different structures will always carry out the same function. C. The structure of a protein is unrelated to the protein's function. D. Proteins with the same structure will always carry out different functions.

The answer A. The structure of a protein can influence the protein's function.

A family of giraffes is living in the African savanna. The trees there are very tall and scattered. During the dry season, the giraffes must be able to reach the leaves of these trees for food.A mother giraffe gives birth to two calves. Calf A inherits a mutation that will make his neck longer than that of his mother when he becomes an adult. Calf B, on the other hand, inherits a mutation that will make his neck shorter than that of his mother. From this story, which of the following statements can be inferred about genetic mutations? A. Mutations are always harmful to an individual because they are changes in the DNA code. B. Mutations cannot affect an individual because they can never be passed on to the next generation. C. Mutations can be harmful initially, but the tall trees will cause Calf B's neck to grow longer than it would otherwise. D. Mutations may result in favorable changes that improve an organism's ability to survive or in unfavorable changes that harm an organism's ability to survive.

The answer: D. Mutations may result in favorable changes that improve an organism's ability to survive or in unfavorable changes that harm an organism's ability to survive.