HESI

PCO2

35-45

respiratory acidosis

A drop in blood pH due to hypoventilation (too little breathing) and a resulting accumulation of Co2.

respiratory alkalosis

Arise in blood pH due to hyperventilation (excessive breathing) and a resulting decrease in CO2.

The nurse is instructing a client on how to decrease the intake of calcium in the diet. The nurse would tell the client that which food item is least likely to contain calcium?

Butter

metabolic acidosis s/s

Drowsiness Confusion Headache Coma ↓BP Dysrhythmias (R/T Hyperkalemia) Warm, flushed skin Nausea/Vomiting/Diarrhea/Abdominal pain Deep, rapid respirations

RESPIRATORY acidosis s/s

Drowsiness Disorientation Dizziness Headache Coma ↓BP V-Fib Hyperkalemia Rapid/Irregular HR Warm, flushed skin Seizures Hypoventilation Hypoxia Cyanosis

metabolic alkalosis s/s

Drowsiness Dizziness Nervousness Confusion ↑HR Anorexia/Nausea/Vomiting Tremors Hypertonic muscles Muscle cramps/Tetany/Tingling in extremeties/Seizures Hypoventilation

A client has the following laboratory values: a pH of 7.55, an HCO3- level of 22 mEq/L (22 mmol/L), and a Pco2 of 30 mm Hg (30 mm Hg). Which action would the nurse plan to take?

Encourage the client to slow down breathing.

The nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism. Laboratory studies are performed, and the serum calcium level is 12.0 mg/dL (3.0 mmol/L). Based on this laboratory value, the nurse would take which action?

Inform the registered nurse of the laboratory value.

The nurse is caring for a client with severe diarrhea. The nurse monitors the client closely, understanding that this client is at risk for developing which acid-base disorder?

Metabolic acidosis

The nurse is caring for a client with a nasogastric tube that is attached to low suction. The nurse monitors the client closely for which acid-base disorder that is most likely to occur in this situation?

Metabolic alkalosis

The nurse is caring for a client with leukemia and notes that the client has poor skin turgor and flat neck and hand veins. The nurse suspects hyponatremia. Which additional sign/symptom would the nurse expect to note in this client if hyponatremia is present?

Postural blood pressure changes

The nurse reviews the client's serum calcium level and notes that the level is 8.0 mg/dL (2.0 mmol/L). The nurse understands that which condition would cause this serum calcium level?

Prolonged bed rest

The nurse is told that the arterial blood gas (ABG) results indicate a pH of 7.50 and a Pco2 of 32 mm Hg (32 mm Hg). The nurse determines that these results are indicative of which acid-base disturbance?

Respiratory alkalosis

A client is scheduled for blood to be drawn from the radial artery for an arterial blood gas (ABG) determination. The nurse assists with performing Allen's test before drawing the blood to determine the adequacy of which?

Ulnar circulation

The nurse is caring for a client with hyperparathyroidism and notes that the client's serum calcium level is 13 mg/dL (3.25 mmol/L). Which prescribed medication would the nurse plan to assist in administering to the client?

calcitonin

hyperparathyroidism

excessive production of parathormone

metabolic alkalosis

high pH, high HCO3

Respiratory Alkalosis S/S

lethargy lightheadedness confusion tachycardia dysrhythmias related to hypokalemia nausea vomiting epigastric pain numbness and tingling of the extremities hyperventilation (tachypnea)

metabolic acidosis

low pH, low HCO3

Hypercalcemia symptoms

muscle weakness

Parathormone

raises blood calcium levels