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अब Quizwiz के साथ अपने होमवर्क और परीक्षाओं को एस करें!

​One form of child maltreatment is called ____, and involves depriving a child of adequate food, clothing, and/or medical care. ​neglect ​abuse ​abandonment ​"stepping"

neglect

​Who is at greatest risk of falling victim to sudden infant death syndrome? ​Bridget, who is two years old ​Leslie, who is nine months old ​Tina, who is three months old ​Jon, who is five years old

​Tina, who is three months old

Decades of research show that stress is linked to ____ problems. ​cardiovascular ​liver ​respiratory ​thyroid

​cardiovascular

For many people, the key to establishing their identity as an adult is achieving ____ independence.​ ​educational ​physical ​political ​financial

financial

The number of years a person can expect to live is his or her _____. ​maximum life expectancy ​average life expectancy ​useful life expectancy ​longevity

longevity

​Toddlers' first conversations tend to be about ​their toys. ​their siblings. ​their parents. ​themselves.

​themselves.

Physical functioning generally peaks during​ ​early adolescence. ​middle adolescence. ​young adulthood ​middle adulthood.

​young adulthood

​In Vygotsky's theory, the difference between what a child can do on his or her own and what they can do only with assistance is called the ​zone of proximal development. ​scaffolded skill set. ​continuum of concrete operations. ​opposing skills set.

​zone of proximal development.

​Focusing on how people think and how those thinking processes change over time is the central feature of the ____ theory. ​learning constructivist ​​cognitive-developmental ​ecological and systems

​​cognitive-developmental

​Traditionally, giftedness was defined by having an IQ score of ____ or higher. ​100 ​120 ​130 ​150

130

Colleges usually refer to students over the age of ____ as returning adult students, which implies that these individuals have already reached adulthood.​ 25​ ​28 ​32 ​35

25

​How many stages of labor are there? ​1 ​3 ​5 ​7

3

​In general, pregnancies are most likely to proceed normally when the mother is between the ages of 20 and ____ years. ​25 ​30 ​35 ​40

35

​____ refers to an enduring socioemotional relationship between a child and his or her caregivers. ​Affectivity ​Bonding ​Attachment ​Industry

Attachment

____ refers to any attempt to deal with the impact of stress. ​Responding ​Centration ​Reactance ​Coping

Coping

The ____ and Medical Leave Act of 1993 entitles workers to take unpaid time off from work to take care of their dependents with the right to return to their jobs.​ ​Dependent Requirement​ Hospital​ ​Family

Family

________ older adults are those older individuals​ who have physical disabilities, are very ill, and may have cognitive or psychological disorders. ​Ambulatory ​Convalescent ​Infirm ​Frail

Frail

​Which of the following is the correct formula for determining one's intelligence quotient (IQ), a measure that was first employed in intelligence testing by Lewis Terman in 1916? ​CA/MA + 100 ​MA/CA X 100 ​CA/MA X 100 ​MA/CA / 100

MA/CA X 100

​____ refers to a view of other people, usually a negative view, based on their membership in a specific group. ​Ethnocentrism ​Racism ​Discrimination ​Prejudice

Prejudice

​____ refers to a collection of physical changes that marks the onset of adolescence, including changes height, weight and body composition, and transitions in sexual maturation. ​Adolescence ​Climacteric ​Puberty ​Menarche

Puberty

Why is it that middle-aged men tend to experience more negative impact of a job loss than do younger or older men?​ ​They know that they will earn only 40% of the salary that they were making. They know that their chances of finding new employment are terribly poor.​ They often have more financial responsibilities than the other two groups.​ They feel that they will look like a failure in the eyes of their families.​

They often have more financial responsibilities than the other two groups.​

Every year on August 6th, Racquel gets very sad. She remembers that this is the day on which her brother, Tommie, died of leukemia when he was just a teenager. Even though Racquel is now in her 50s, she never forgets to think about Tommie on this day. This is an example of a(n) ____ reaction.​ ​ruminative ​anniversary ​annual ​responsive

anniversary

A(n) ________ living facility is a supportive living arrangement for people who need aid with their activities of daily living or instrumental activities of daily living, but who are not so impaired that they require 24-hour support and care.​ ​senior ​convalescent ​supplemental ​assisted

assisted

​The process by which certain sensory information receives additional cognitive processing is called ____. ​habituation ​memory ​attention ​orientation

attention

​The ____ parenting style can be described as highly controlling but low in warmth. ​authoritative ​permissive ​indulgent ​authoritarian

authoritarian

​Individuals with anorexia nervosa have a grossly distorted ____. ​body image ​sense of importance ​gender identity ​understanding of development

body image

When all is said and done, the most important thing to predicting the long-term success of a marriage is ____.​ ​communication ​religion ​sex ​having children

communication

​The information-processing theory of development likens human cognitive processes to the functions of a ​motorcycle. ​cellular phone. ​computer. ​television

computer

Personal ____ beliefs reflect the degree to which you believe that your performance in a situation depends on something you do.​ responsibility​ ​locus ​control ​accountability

control

The people who go through your life with you, providing support in both good times and bad, comprise a social ________.​ ​cooperative ​cohort ​convoy ​construct

convoy

​The ability to draw a conclusion from a set of facts reflects ____ reasoning. ​inductive ​co-constructive ​combinatorial ​deductive

deductive

​According to a theory proposed by ____, identity is a primary force in an adolescent's choice of career. Linda Subich​ ​Linda Gottfredson ​Donald Super ​John Holland

donald super

​Alissa is a 41-year-old, married, professional woman who has just found out that she is pregnant with her third child. According to your textbook, which of the following conditions is her baby at higher risk of due to Alissa's age? ​Down syndrome ​Phenylketonuria ​ADHD ​neurofibromatosis

down syndrome

​According to ____ systems theory, learning to walk involves many distinct skills that are organized and reorganized over time to meet specific goals. ​teratogenic ​dynamic ​fluid ​static

dynamic

​Regulating the way one feels, recognizing how others feel, and correctly interpreting the facial expressions of others are all elements of ____ intelligence. ​affective ​crystallized ​emotional ​componential

emotional

​According to ____, adolescents face a crisis between identity and role confusion. They must balance the desire to try out different selves with the need to select a single self. ​Erik Erikson ​Sigmund Freud ​Lev Vygotsky ​Jean Piaget

erik erikson

The practice of ending one's life for the purpose of mercy is called ________.​ ​homicide ​fratricide euthanasia​ suicide​

euthanasia

A(n) ____ is someone who is much better at a task than people who have not put much effort into that task. ​expert ​mentor ​veteran ​senior

expert

Contrary to popular belief, getting gray hair and wrinkles is not a universal consequence of aging, and they are physical changes that only happen to about 40% of older adults. True False

false

The longest-lasting relationship most people have is that with their spouse or life partner. True False

false

​The independent variable in an experiment is the condition that is observed by the researcher, while the dependent variable in an experiment is the condition that is manipulated by the researcher. True False

false

​A ____ is a voluntary relationship between two people involving mutual liking. ​culmination ​clique ​group ​friendship

friendship

Your authors suggest that reality shock in the workplace is a phenomenon that​ ​is decreased when one earns at least one graduate degree. affects women far more than men.​ is only prevalent in "skill" occupations.​ happens to everyone.​

happens to everyone.​

A "Do Not Resuscitate" order pertains to efforts to restore functioning of the​ ​kidneys ​spinal cord ​liver ​heart

heart

Most older adults live​ ​independently. ​in a nursing care facility. ​in a senior living community. ​with their children and/or grandchildren.

independently

Harold has decided that he does not want to have his life prolonged by life-support machines should he ever become so injured or ill that he needs them. He decides to create a document where his wishes about life support and other treatments will be clearly stated. Harold is going to write a what is best described as a ____.​ living will​ ​fiscal proxy ​Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) order ​writ of habeas corpus

living will​

​A child's ability to move around in the world is referred to as ​locomotion. ​gross motor skills. ​fine motor skills. ​dynamic motion.

locomotion

The term ____ refers to the amount of energy one's body needs.​ ​glycemic level ​metabolism ​digestive efficiency ​body mass index

metabolism

____ concerns the way in which we express the feelings that we have following a loss.​ ​Grief ​Mourning ​Bereavement ​Empathy

mourning

Research suggests that middle aged women who lose a ____ report feeling a complex set of emotions including intense emotional feelings of both loss and freedom, remembering both positive and negative aspects of the person, and they experiencing shifts in their sense of self.​ ​child ​parent ​spouse ​close friend

parent

​Career ____ occurs when there are few advancement opportunities or a lack of challenge in one's job. It may also take place when a worker decides that he or she is not interested in being promoted within their workplace. ​stagnation plateauing​ cliffing​ ceilings​

plateauing​

Job ____ refers to the positive feelings that result from an appraisal of one's work.​ ​turnover quality​ satisfactoriness​ satisfaction​

satisfaction​

​A ____ is a set of cultural guidelines that dictate how a person should behave, particularly with other people. ​social role ​social rule ​social norm ​social more

social role

All cultures have gender ____, which refers to beliefs and images about males and females that may or may not be true.​ ​identities ​types ​stereotypes ​functions

stereotypes

Marital ____ is an umbrella term that refers to any marital outcome.​ ​success ​satisfaction ​quality ​adjustment

success

Most people have not saved anything close to what they will need in retirement. True False

true

Roughly half of young adults in the United States of America return to their parents' home at least once after they have moved out. True False

true

​The average age of the onset of puberty in girls is ____, while the average age of onset of puberty in boys is ____. ​13 years, 11 years ​11 years, 13 years ​12 years, 10 years ​10 years, 12 years

​11 years, 13 years

Binge drinking is defined for men as consuming ____ or more drinks in a row and for women as consuming ____ or more drinks in a row within the past two weeks.​ ​5; 4 ​7; 5 ​4; 3 ​6; 5

​5; 4

​What is the primary thrust of the psychosocial theory of development? ​There are five different stages of psychosexual growth, each of which contributes to our adult personality. ​At each of eight different stages, people encounter a unique crisis that must be resolved for development to proceed normally. ​Development is a dynamic process of interaction with our environment, where unskilled children are guided by more skilled adults. ​There are four stages of cognitive development, and at each stage a child becomes more capable of understanding and utilizing symbolic thought.

​At each of eight different stages, people encounter a unique crisis that must be resolved for development to proceed normally.

Why is it that many people consider alcoholism to be a form of addiction?​ ​Because there are always legal problems associated with such catastrophic misuse of alcohol ​Because there is evidence of a neurological impact of the use of alcohol in greater and greater amounts ​Because it involves physical dependence as well as the experience of withdrawal symptoms ​Because there is a loss of control over the consumption of alcohol that is involved

​Because it involves physical dependence as well as the experience of withdrawal symptoms

​Why is it that 22 weeks is considered the earliest "age of viability" for an unborn child? ​Because this is the age by which the child's systems are functioning well enough to potentially sustain life outside of the mother's body. ​Because it is not until this age that the unborn child's brain begins developing. ​Because this is the age when the child's sex is determined, and when appropriate genitals begin to form. ​Because this is the age after which teratogens can no longer impact the baby.

​Because this is the age by which the child's systems are functioning well enough to potentially sustain life outside of the mother's body.

__________ is the state or condition caused by loss through death.​ ​Grief ​Bereavement ​Mourning ​Reconciliation

​Bereavement

​____ is a disease in which people binge eat and then purge by vomiting or using laxatives. ​Anorexia nervosa ​Bulimia nervosa ​Orthorexia nervosa ​Rumination disorder

​Bulimia nervosa

____ is a state of physical, emotional, and mental exhaustion that results from job stress.​ ​Marginalization Disillusionment​ ​Alienation ​Burnout

​Burnout

​Which of the following BEST summarizes the current thinking in human development with regard to the nature and nurture question? ​Development is always shaped by both nature- and nurture-related factors. ​While nature is important, it is truly our environment that determines who we are. ​While nurture is important, it is truly our genetics that determines who we are. ​Because there are no scientific ways to tease them apart, nature and nurture are largely ignored.

​Development is always shaped by both nature- and nurture-related factors.

By proposing a five-stage model of the way people approach dying, ________ changed our understanding of how people consider their own deaths.​ Anna Freud​ ​Elizabeth Kübler-Ross ​Janet Belsky ​Susan Eastgard

​Elizabeth Kübler-Ross

​Which developmentalist is credited with having proposed the psychosocial theory of development? ​Erik Erikson ​Lev Vygotsky ​Sigmund Freud ​Urie Bronfenbrenner

​Erik Erikson

​According to your textbook, the very first comprehensive life-span view of human development was forwarded by ​Sigmund Freud. ​Erik Erikson. ​E.L. Thorndike ​Urie Bronfenbrenner

​Erik Erikson.

____ is the sorrow, hurt, anger, guilt, confusion, and other feelings that arise after suffering a loss.​ ​Bereavement ​Grief ​Mourning ​Ache

​Grief

​____ aggression occurs when a child uses aggressive actions to achieve an explicit goal. ​Relational ​Instrumental ​Utilitarian ​Narrow

​Instrumental

Why is it that osteoarthritis would be considered an example of a wear-and-tear disease? ​It is caused by a tear of the connective tissue in the abdomen. ​It is a degenerative disease that can be caused by injury or overuse. ​It is associated with extreme fatigue and exhaustion. ​It requires tearing built up plaques to reduce symptoms.

​It is a degenerative disease that can be caused by injury or overuse.

​The concept that personality emerges from conflicts that children experience when what they want to do differs from what society wants them to do is the basis of ____'s psychodynamic theory. ​Albert Bandura ​Jean Piaget ​Sigmund Freud ​Lev Vygotsky

​Jean Piaget

​According to your text, the most influential developmental psychologist of the 20th century was ​Lev Vygotsky. Sigmund Freud. ​​Paul Baltes. ​Jean Piaget.

​Jean Piaget.

​The idea that children act like little scientists, constantly creating theories about the relationships between their physical and social worlds, is central to the theory of ​Jean Piaget. ​Lev Vygotsky. ​Urie Bronfenbrenner. ​Erik Erikson.

​Jean Piaget.

Which statement concerning part-time work and teenagers is true?​ ​The negative impacts of part-time employment are more severe in males. ​Teens who save money from working have a worse relationship with their parents. ​The number of hours worked does not appear to matter. ​Jobs that require the use of some skill tend to enhance self-esteem.

​Jobs that require the use of some skill tend to enhance self-esteem.

​Russian psychologist ____ proposed the idea that development in childhood is an apprenticeship in which children advance when they collaborate with more-skilled others. ​Alexander Zaporozhets ​Aleksey Leontyev ​Ivan Pavlov ​Lev Vygotsky

​Lev Vygotsky

​____ is an approach based on the idea that the more prepared a couple is for marriage, the better the relationship will survive over the long run. ​No Marriage Left Behind ​"Connections" ​Marriage education ​Contracted relationship consulting

​Marriage education

________ care focuses on providing relief from pain and other symptoms at any point during the disease process.​ ​Osteopathic ​Rehabilitation ​Hospice ​Palliative

​Palliative

What are the "pieces of bread" on either side of the "sandwich generation?" ​Job and family ​Generativity and stagnation ​Parents and children ​Stress and coping

​Parents and children

____ disease is known mostly for its characteristic motor symptoms, including slow walking, difficulty getting in and out of chairs, and tremors.​ ​Crohn's ​Huntington's ​Alzheimer's ​Parkinson's

​Parkinson's

Due largely to the efforts of ____, we are now able to describe adults' personality traits using five different factors. ​Raymond Cattell and John Horn ​Charles Spearman ​Paul Costa, Jr. and Robert McCrae ​Robert Sternberg

​Paul Costa, Jr. and Robert McCrae

​____ is often regarded as an irresistible harmful force, but research has found that it can have positive consequences as well. ​Family socialization ​A dominance hierarchy ​Peer pressure ​Broad intensification

​Peer pressure

​____ is the process by which the brain receives, selects, modifies, and organizes incoming nerve impulses that are the result of physical stimulation. ​Transduction ​Sensation ​Integration ​Perception

​Perception

​____ are psychological structures that organize information and regulate behaviors. ​Assimilations ​Accommodations ​Scripts ​Schemes

​Schemes

Which of the following is a drawback associated with sequential studies? Sequential studies cannot determine cause and effect.​ ​Sequential studies are typically laboratory-based. ​Sequential studies only use one group of subjects. ​Sequential studies tend to be very expensive and time consuming.

​Sequential studies tend to be very expensive and time consuming.

Which of the following statements is the most accurate with regard to sibling relationships?​ Sibling relationships do not typically move beyond the acquaintanceship stage.​ ​Sibling relationships typically last longer than other friendships. ​People with siblings tend to have less friends. ​Non-sibling friendships have closer bonds than sibling relationships.

​Sibling relationships typically last longer than other friendships.

​Felicia is at the end of her pregnancy, and she is now in labor. She has been having contractions for about 18 hours, and her cervix is slowly dilating to approximately 10 centimeters. Which stage of labor is Felicia currently in? ​Stage one ​Stage two ​Stage three ​Stage four

​Stage one

​A child who is diagnosed with a learning disability must meet all EXCEPT which of the following criteria? ​The child has difficulty mastering an academic subject. ​The child has normal intelligence. ​The child is not suffering from any other condition that would explain the poor performance. ​The child has an absence of adaptive skills and has difficulties adjusting to their surroundings.

​The child has an absence of adaptive skills and has difficulties adjusting to their surroundings.

Which of the following BEST encapsulates the majority of relationships between adolescents and their parents?​ ​The relationships are a constant battle for power, independence, and dominance. ​The relationships are fraught with conflict and struggle. ​The relationships are distant, with few areas parent-adolescent agreement. ​The relationships are warm, loving, and satisfying.

​The relationships are warm, loving, and satisfying.

​What is a central defining characteristic of the basic emotions? ​They are demonstrated as early as two or three days after birth. ​They trigger activity in the same facial muscles, though in slightly different ways. ​They activate a common part of the brain that is responsible for all emotions. ​They are experienced by human beings worldwide.

​They are experienced by human beings worldwide.

​Why are theories such an important part of the understanding of human development? ​They provide the "whys" for development. ​They give definitive proof of relationships between various developmental factors. ​They allow us to understand the similarities between species. ​They are scientifically irrefutable.

​They provide the "whys" for development.

At what point would a physician MOST LIKELY suggest hospice care?​ ​When nothing else can be done to save the patient ​When the patient's insurance has declined to pay for future treatment ​When the physician no longer wants to treat the patient ​When another physician would be better suited for the patient's care

​When nothing else can be done to save the patient

____ are caused by changes to the structure of the skin and its connective and supporting tissue and worsened by sun exposure and cigarette smoking. ​Tumors ​Liver spots ​Wrinkles ​Freckles

​Wrinkles

For most adults, the decision to remain single is​ ​something that they have felt strongly about since childhood. ​a kneejerk reaction to heartbreak. ​a gradual one that develops over time. ​a result of being unable to find a suitable marriage partner.

​a gradual one that develops over time.

Genetic factors appear to play _____ role in determining how long people will live. ​no ​a minimal ​some ​a major

​a major

​Validity is to reliability as ​study is to experiment. ​cause is to correlation. ​positive is to negative. ​accuracy is to consistency.

​accuracy is to consistency.

​Two-month-old Sheldon is snuggled in his mother's arms. He is quietly looking around, and appears to be simply 'absorbing' his environment. He is attentive to sounds around him, and is very calm. Sheldon's current state would be described as ​sleeping. ​crying. ​waking activity. ​alert inactivity.

​alert inactivity.

​A worker described as ____ would feel devalued. ​alienated burned out​ plateauing​ ​generative

​alienated

​Basic emotions include all EXCEPT which of the following? ​surprise ​apathy ​distress ​disgust

​apathy

Adolescents are more likely to achieve an identity when parents encourage discussion and recognize the adolescent's growing ____.​ ​vulnerability ​egocentrism ​freedom ​autonomy

​autonomy

114 0 / 1 pts ​The ____ child in a classroom is liked by some classmates, and disliked by other classmates, but in neither case is there a high level of intensity to those feelings. popular ​controversial ​rejected ​average

​average

​Infant mortality rate is defined as the percentage of infants who die ​before birth. ​during birth. ​before their first birthday. ​before their second birthday.

​before their first birthday.

​There was this family—maybe you've heard of them. There was a father who had three sons, and he married a woman with three daughters. They were a really fun "bunch." This group is an example of a(n) ____ family. ​multigenerational ​blended ​adjusted ​augmented

​blended

​With regard to the ability to see colors, newborns ​can perceive a few colors. ​are functionally colorblind. ​can see primary and secondary colors, but not blended colors. ​can see the entire spectrum of colors.

​can perceive a few colors.

​In ____ conditioning, a neutral stimulus elicits a response that was originally evoked by a different stimulus. ​reinforcing ​operant ​classical ​vicarious

​classical

The most effective sex education programs are those that are _____.​ ​"abstinence-only" ​comprehensive and emphasize responsibility ​based on religious values ​bare bones and provide only biological information

​comprehensive and emphasize responsibility

​The third stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development, which typically occurs between ages 7 and 11 years, is the ____ period. formal operational​ ​concrete operational ​pre-operational ​post-operational

​concrete operational

​When people in the United States watch television programs about children in other cultures, they are often surprised to find out that children from other countries often have very different skills and abilities than their own kids, even though they are the same age. This difference demonstrates the concept of ​context-specific development. ​universal development. ​nomothetic development. nature-based development.​

​context-specific development.

Reevaluating one's roles and dreams and making the necessary corrections is referred to as a midlife ​correction. ​identity.. ​crisis. ​assessment..

​correction.

8 0 / 1 pts According to one theory, people face their own death by going through five different stages. Which of the following is the correct order of those stages?​ ​denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance ​anger, denial, depression, bargaining, acceptance ​bargaining, anger, depression, denial, acceptance ​depression, anger, bargaining, denial, acceptance

​denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance

Which disorder is associated with a pervasive feeling of sadness, irritability, low self-esteem, poor sleep, and difficulty concentrating?​ ​anxiety ​depression ​drug addiction ​somatosensory disorder

​depression

​A style of controlling a child's behavior where the parent tells them what to do, when to do it, and why it should be done is called ​direct instruction. ​direct implementation. ​guided participation. ​scaffolded inculcation.

​direct instruction.

​The notion that development is best described in terms of a series of abrupt shifts in behavior BEST fits with the ____ approach. ​nature ​nurture ​continuity ​discontinuity

​discontinuity

When a job is awarded or denied to a person solely on the basis of whether they are a man or a woman, gender ____ has occurred.​ ​discrimination prejudice​ inequity ​ ​burnout

​discrimination

​According to Bandura, experience gives people a sense of self-____, which to a person's beliefs about their own abilities and talents. ​efficacy ​esteem ​image ​concept

​efficacy

​Once a zygote implants itself in the uterine lining, it officially becomes a(n) ____. ​embryo ​baby ​fetus ​germ disc

​embryo

Before a person can successfully create an intimate relationship with another person, Erikson felt that they had to first​ ​establish an identity of their own. ​begin their career. ​establish their own, independent residence. ​complete their education

​establish an identity of their own.

​There are three fundamental characteristics of human development, according to your authors. Which of the following is NOT one of them? ​nature and nurture ​external and internal ​continuity and discontinuity ​universal and context-specific development

​external and internal

Teenagers are more likely to engage in sexual activity when parents​ ​actively discourage sexual activity. ​encourage dependence. ​remain emotionally attached. ​fail to monitor their activities.

​fail to monitor their activities.

When parents set rules with little justification and enforce them without explanation, adolescents are more likely to remain in the identity ____ status because they are prevented from experimenting with different selves, and simply do what they are told to do.​ ​foreclosure ​achievement ​diffusion ​moratorium

​foreclosure

In Erikson's theory, middle adulthood is occupied by the search for ____, which involves being productive by helping others in order to ensure the continuation of society by guiding the next generation. ​generativity ​ego integrity ​intimacy ​identity

​generativity

​Which term does NOT belong in this group? ​experiential ​nurture ​environmental ​hereditary

​hereditary

​The fact that a teen growing up during the Vietnam War will develop in a different manner than a teen growing up during the Iraq War is best explained in terms of ​multidirectionality. ​multiple causation. ​plasticity. ​historical context.

​historical context.

​Research into the eyesight of older individuals that was conducted by human development researchers has led some states to change the way older drivers are screened when they renew their driver's licenses. This reflects ​how research can affect social policy. ​the benefits of doing meta-analytic research. ​the importance of longitudinal studies. ​why correlational research is superior in some ways to experimental research.

​how research can affect social policy.

What type of reasoning skills, usually developed during the formal-operational stage of Piaget's theory, are needed for an adolescent to experiment with different selves to learn more about possible identities?​ ​deductive reasoning skills ​hypothetical reasoning skills ​intuitive reasoning skills ​expansive reasoning skills

​hypothetical reasoning skills

​ Which BEST describes the relationship between biological, psychological, and sociocultural forces in human development? ​unimportant ​independent ​interactive ​non-normative

​independent

Aging is a(n) ____ process involving many variations across people. ​social ​individual ​external ​cognitive

​individual

​The one word that best distinguishes simple social play from parallel play is ​rules ​cooperative ​interaction ​imagination

​interaction

According to Erikson, the major task for young adults is to deal with the psychosocial conflict of ____.​ ​identity versus role confusion ​generativity versus stagnation ​intimacy versus isolation ​independence versus dependence

​intimacy versus isolation

Some developmentalists have categorized the ____ as a period called emerging adulthood.​ ​late teens to the early thirties ​late teens to the mid- to late twenties ​early twenties to early thirties ​ages of 18 to 21 years

​late teens to the mid- to late twenties

A(n) ____ is the process by which people reflect on the events and experiences of their years. ​applied behavior analysis ​integrity affirmation ​life review ​longevity encapsulation

​life review

Prenatal development, brain maturation, puberty, and menopause are all examples of ____ forces.​ ​psychological ​life-cycle ​biological ​sociocultural

​life-cycle

​When Jordan, who is a 25-year-old and married father of one infant daughter, is laid off from his job, it impacts him with a devastating amount of worry and fear. When Jackson, who is a 72-year-old married man with five grandchildren, is laid off from his job, he seems to take it in stride and decides that this is a good time to retire. Which of the following forces BEST explains the different reactions of Jordan and Jackson? ​biological forces ​psychological forces ​sociocultural forces ​life-cycle forces

​life-cycle forces

Erikson felt that in order for one to achieve a sense of integrity, they must​ ​find some sort of spiritual path to help them reconcile their failures. ​have a healthy relationship with their children and/or grandchildren. ​accept the fact that retirement from work is inevitable. ​make peace with the fact that the end of their life is approaching.

​make peace with the fact that the end of their life is approaching

​Hulk often has to step in and solve disagreements between his son Hogan and his daughter Brooke. This action best reflects the idea of a parent as a ​playmate. ​coach. ​social director. ​mediator.

​mediator.

Between the ages of two and five, children develop a theory of ____, which refers to a naïve understanding of the relationship between thoughts and behaviors.​ ​duplicity ​formality ​concepts ​mind

​mind

​With regard to the level of behavioral control parents assert over children, research finds that a(n) ____ amount of control is best for children. ​low ​moderate ​high ​extreme

​moderate

​A primary cause of death that is common to both adolescent girls and boys is ​drug overdose. ​firearms. ​motor vehicle accidents. ​suicide.

​motor vehicle accidents.

​According to Erikson's concept of ____, different life periods are associated with different psychosocial strengths. ​external societal demands ​naturalistic observation ​the epigenetic principle ​identity versus confusion

​naturalistic observation

​Monroe wants to conduct a research study assessing the way children play with each other at different ages. After getting the appropriate permissions, he sits on a bench near a school playground and surreptitiously takes notes on the children's behaviors. Monroe would be best described as engaging in ​case studies. ​self-report data collection. ​structured observation. ​naturalistic observation.

​naturalistic observation.

​Marjorie believes that her husband, Tom, is an excellent father because he was born with a gentle nature and an abundance of patience. Tom, on the other hand, believes that he is a good father because he learned to be one from his own parents. Which fundamental question of human development does this issue address? ​nature and nurture ​external and internal ​continuity and discontinuity ​universal and context-specific development

​nature and nurture

​The most basic unit in the brain and nervous system of a human being is the ​nerve. ​astrocyte. ​glial cell. ​neuron.

​neuron.

Retirement involves the loss of​ ​integrity. ​maximum performance potential. ​autonomy. ​occupational identity.

​occupational identity.

One reason that sibling relationships are thought to be so important is that siblings​ ​often remain highly involved in each other's lives. ​often constitute the longest-lasting relationships. ​often support each other financially. ​often use competition to motivate their successes throughout life.

​often constitute the longest-lasting relationships.

The most rapidly growing segment of the United States population is the group of people ​between the ages of 40 and 55. between the ages of 55 and 65.​ ​between the ages of 65 and 80. ​over the age of 85.

​over the age of 85.

​When children play alone but remain aware of and interested in what another child is doing, they are engaging in ____ play. ​collaborative ​imitative ​onlooker ​parallel

​parallel

A rite of ____ involves a ritual or ceremonial event that marks initiation into adulthood.​ ​demarcation ​arrival ​passage ​maturation

​passage

​The textbook identifies three ways in which the environment can contribute to differences in test scores. Which of the following is NOT one of them? ​experience with test contents ​test-taking skills ​peer pressure ​stereotype threat

​peer pressure

​Fathers tend to emphasize ____ as they interact with their babies. ​reading and talking to them ​showing them toys ​playing quiet games ​physical play

​physical play

​Any behavior that benefits another person is properly termed ____. ​acquiescent ​empathic ​prosocial ​constricting

​prosocial

The original purpose of Social Security was to​ ​create a way for seniors to pay for housing expenses. ​provide a supplement to savings and other means of financial support. ​provide the primary source of income for those over age 65. ​create an investment opportunity.

​provide a supplement to savings and other means of financial support.

​Emotional, personality, and perceptual factors are all examples of ____ forces. ​psychological ​biological ​life-cycle ​sociocultural

​psychological

​A(n) ____ refers to an unlearned response that is triggered by a specific stimulation. ​reflex ​reaction ​unconditioned association ​action

​reflex

​Piaget believed that children are like little ​blank slates, who come into the world with no existing cognitive skills. ​artists, constructing their own beautiful canvases. ​performers, constantly vying for attention. ​scientists, creating theories about how the world works.

​scientists, creating theories about how the world works.

​What is the correct order of the four stages of cognitive development, according to Piaget? ​sensorimotor period, formal operational period, preoperational period, concrete operational period ​sensorimotor period, preoperational period, concrete operational period, formal operational period ​preoperational period, sensorimotor period, formal operational period, concrete operational period ​formal operational period, concrete operational period, preoperational period, sensorimotor period

​sensorimotor period, preoperational period, concrete operational period, formal operational period

According to your textbook, the single biggest contributor to health problems in the United States is​ ​taking illegal drugs. ​alcohol consumption. ​overeating. ​smoking.

​smoking.

​ Influences such as one's parents and siblings, teachers and co-workers, peers, schools, television, and the workplace are all examples of ____ forces. ​psychological ​biological ​life-cycle ​sociocultural

​sociocultural

​The biopsychosocial framework organizes the contributions of many different forces in human development. Which of the following is NOT one of them? ​biological forces ​spiritual forces ​sociocultural forces ​psychological forces

​spiritual forces

According to Erikson, ____ is a state in which people are unable to deal with the needs of their children or to provide mentoring to younger adults. ​despair ​stagnation ​isolation ​encapsulation

​stagnation

​According to novelists and filmmakers, the search for identity is described as a struggle, a time of ____ for adolescents. ​tabula rasa ​peace and tranquility ​storm and stress ​ebb and flow

​storm and stress

Ruth has recently experienced a cerebral vascular accident involving an interruption of the flow of blood to her brain. If you were going to use the more common term for this medical event, you'd say that she had a(n) ____.​ ​aneurysm ​stroke ​heart attack ​syncopal episode

​stroke

Which of the following would be considered an activity of daily living?​ ​paying one's bills ​taking a shower or bath ​going grocery shopping ​going to lunch or dinner with friends

​taking a shower or bath

​Any agent that interferes with normal prenatal development is a(n) ____. ​fetalytic ​teratogen ​ototoxin ​carcinogen

​teratogen

As women enter midlife, they experience a major biological process called ____, during which they pass from their reproductive to their non-reproductive years.​ ​perimenopause ​menopause ​the climacteric ​menarche

​the climacteric

180 0 / 1 pts ​Your textbook discusses three different types of cries that a baby can produce. Which of the following is not one of them? ​the basic cry ​the mad cry ​the hunger cry ​the pain cry

​the hunger cry

Patrick wakes up one morning to find that he has developed an enormous pimple right on the end of his nose. All throughout the school day he is absolutely sure that everyone is staring at the blemish, when in reality almost nobody cares enough about it to even look. Patrick's certainty that he is the focus of others' attention demonstrates ____.​ ​identity moratorium ​adolescent arrogance ​limited centration ​the imaginary audience

​the imaginary audience

​For children and adolescents, the technical definition of overweight is based on ____. ​their weight compared to the average for others their age ​the percentile of their body mass index ​whether their BMI in greater than 25 ​the impact of their weight on their physical functioning

​the percentile of their body mass index

​Of the three prenatal stages of development which is by far the longest? ​the period of the zygote ​the period of the embryo ​the period of the fetus ​the period of the neonate

​the period of the fetus

​One reason that adolescents engage in risky behavior is because ​they vastly underestimate the risks involved. ​the rewards associated with risky behavior are so appealing. ​they do not value their lives as much as adults do. ​they are susceptible to peer pressure to take risks.

​the rewards associated with risky behavior are so appealing.

​A ____ is an organized set of ideas that is designed to explain development. ​theory ​prediction ​correlation coefficient ​structured observation

​theory

Which of the following is the single best predictor of adolescent sexual behavior?​ ​the adolescent's popularity among his/her peers ​the "crowd" with whom the adolescent most closely identifies ​the adolescent's racial or ethnic background ​there is no single factor that best predicts adolescent sexual behavior

​there is no single factor that best predicts adolescent sexual behavior

​Which of the following discipline techniques combines the best features of punishment while also avoiding its drawbacks? ​long-term grounding ​corporal punishment (spankings) ​a negative reinforcement trap ​time-out

​time-out

​The ____ is a structure that contains veins and arteries and connects a developing child to the placenta. ​umbilical cord ​amnion ​germ disc ​blastocyst

​umbilical cord

​The fact that babies from around the world tend to develop language skills at approximately the same age is support for which of the following concepts from the study of human development? ​continuity ​discontinuity ​context-specific development ​universal development

​universal development

​When a measure being used in a research study actually assesses what the researchers think it measures, it would be described as being ​reliable. ​valid. ​observational. ​experimental.

​valid.

​Which of the following are the two dimensions that differentiate various parenting styles? ​warmth and responsiveness & expressed emotionality ​parental control & expressed emotionality ​warmth and responsiveness & parental control ​style of discipline & assignment of responsibilities

​warmth and responsiveness & parental control

Quite possibly the biggest decision that a couple will have to make is​ whether or not both partners should pursue a career.​ ​where to live. ​how to save and when to spend their money. ​whether or not to have children.

​whether or not to have children.

The main assumption of Holland's theory is that people​ ​develop career goals at different rates. ​will be happiest in work environments that match their personalities. ​should take tests to determine which career is best for them. ​should choose a career based on economic issues.

​will be happiest in work environments that match their personalities.

​The ____ conflict is the feeling of being pulled in multiple directions by the competing demands of occupational and home obligations. ​vocational-personal ​work-family occupational-homestead​ boss-spouse​

​work-family


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