hgd
One form of child maltreatment is called ____, and involves depriving a child of adequate food, clothing, and/or medical care. neglect abuse abandonment "stepping"
neglect
Who is at greatest risk of falling victim to sudden infant death syndrome? Bridget, who is two years old Leslie, who is nine months old Tina, who is three months old Jon, who is five years old
Tina, who is three months old
Decades of research show that stress is linked to ____ problems. cardiovascular liver respiratory thyroid
cardiovascular
For many people, the key to establishing their identity as an adult is achieving ____ independence. educational physical political financial
financial
The number of years a person can expect to live is his or her _____. maximum life expectancy average life expectancy useful life expectancy longevity
longevity
Toddlers' first conversations tend to be about their toys. their siblings. their parents. themselves.
themselves.
Physical functioning generally peaks during early adolescence. middle adolescence. young adulthood middle adulthood.
young adulthood
In Vygotsky's theory, the difference between what a child can do on his or her own and what they can do only with assistance is called the zone of proximal development. scaffolded skill set. continuum of concrete operations. opposing skills set.
zone of proximal development.
Focusing on how people think and how those thinking processes change over time is the central feature of the ____ theory. learning constructivist cognitive-developmental ecological and systems
cognitive-developmental
Traditionally, giftedness was defined by having an IQ score of ____ or higher. 100 120 130 150
130
Colleges usually refer to students over the age of ____ as returning adult students, which implies that these individuals have already reached adulthood. 25 28 32 35
25
How many stages of labor are there? 1 3 5 7
3
In general, pregnancies are most likely to proceed normally when the mother is between the ages of 20 and ____ years. 25 30 35 40
35
____ refers to an enduring socioemotional relationship between a child and his or her caregivers. Affectivity Bonding Attachment Industry
Attachment
____ refers to any attempt to deal with the impact of stress. Responding Centration Reactance Coping
Coping
The ____ and Medical Leave Act of 1993 entitles workers to take unpaid time off from work to take care of their dependents with the right to return to their jobs. Dependent Requirement Hospital Family
Family
________ older adults are those older individuals who have physical disabilities, are very ill, and may have cognitive or psychological disorders. Ambulatory Convalescent Infirm Frail
Frail
Which of the following is the correct formula for determining one's intelligence quotient (IQ), a measure that was first employed in intelligence testing by Lewis Terman in 1916? CA/MA + 100 MA/CA X 100 CA/MA X 100 MA/CA / 100
MA/CA X 100
____ refers to a view of other people, usually a negative view, based on their membership in a specific group. Ethnocentrism Racism Discrimination Prejudice
Prejudice
____ refers to a collection of physical changes that marks the onset of adolescence, including changes height, weight and body composition, and transitions in sexual maturation. Adolescence Climacteric Puberty Menarche
Puberty
Why is it that middle-aged men tend to experience more negative impact of a job loss than do younger or older men? They know that they will earn only 40% of the salary that they were making. They know that their chances of finding new employment are terribly poor. They often have more financial responsibilities than the other two groups. They feel that they will look like a failure in the eyes of their families.
They often have more financial responsibilities than the other two groups.
Every year on August 6th, Racquel gets very sad. She remembers that this is the day on which her brother, Tommie, died of leukemia when he was just a teenager. Even though Racquel is now in her 50s, she never forgets to think about Tommie on this day. This is an example of a(n) ____ reaction. ruminative anniversary annual responsive
anniversary
A(n) ________ living facility is a supportive living arrangement for people who need aid with their activities of daily living or instrumental activities of daily living, but who are not so impaired that they require 24-hour support and care. senior convalescent supplemental assisted
assisted
The process by which certain sensory information receives additional cognitive processing is called ____. habituation memory attention orientation
attention
The ____ parenting style can be described as highly controlling but low in warmth. authoritative permissive indulgent authoritarian
authoritarian
Individuals with anorexia nervosa have a grossly distorted ____. body image sense of importance gender identity understanding of development
body image
When all is said and done, the most important thing to predicting the long-term success of a marriage is ____. communication religion sex having children
communication
The information-processing theory of development likens human cognitive processes to the functions of a motorcycle. cellular phone. computer. television
computer
Personal ____ beliefs reflect the degree to which you believe that your performance in a situation depends on something you do. responsibility locus control accountability
control
The people who go through your life with you, providing support in both good times and bad, comprise a social ________. cooperative cohort convoy construct
convoy
The ability to draw a conclusion from a set of facts reflects ____ reasoning. inductive co-constructive combinatorial deductive
deductive
According to a theory proposed by ____, identity is a primary force in an adolescent's choice of career. Linda Subich Linda Gottfredson Donald Super John Holland
donald super
Alissa is a 41-year-old, married, professional woman who has just found out that she is pregnant with her third child. According to your textbook, which of the following conditions is her baby at higher risk of due to Alissa's age? Down syndrome Phenylketonuria ADHD neurofibromatosis
down syndrome
According to ____ systems theory, learning to walk involves many distinct skills that are organized and reorganized over time to meet specific goals. teratogenic dynamic fluid static
dynamic
Regulating the way one feels, recognizing how others feel, and correctly interpreting the facial expressions of others are all elements of ____ intelligence. affective crystallized emotional componential
emotional
According to ____, adolescents face a crisis between identity and role confusion. They must balance the desire to try out different selves with the need to select a single self. Erik Erikson Sigmund Freud Lev Vygotsky Jean Piaget
erik erikson
The practice of ending one's life for the purpose of mercy is called ________. homicide fratricide euthanasia suicide
euthanasia
A(n) ____ is someone who is much better at a task than people who have not put much effort into that task. expert mentor veteran senior
expert
Contrary to popular belief, getting gray hair and wrinkles is not a universal consequence of aging, and they are physical changes that only happen to about 40% of older adults. True False
false
The longest-lasting relationship most people have is that with their spouse or life partner. True False
false
The independent variable in an experiment is the condition that is observed by the researcher, while the dependent variable in an experiment is the condition that is manipulated by the researcher. True False
false
A ____ is a voluntary relationship between two people involving mutual liking. culmination clique group friendship
friendship
Your authors suggest that reality shock in the workplace is a phenomenon that is decreased when one earns at least one graduate degree. affects women far more than men. is only prevalent in "skill" occupations. happens to everyone.
happens to everyone.
A "Do Not Resuscitate" order pertains to efforts to restore functioning of the kidneys spinal cord liver heart
heart
Most older adults live independently. in a nursing care facility. in a senior living community. with their children and/or grandchildren.
independently
Harold has decided that he does not want to have his life prolonged by life-support machines should he ever become so injured or ill that he needs them. He decides to create a document where his wishes about life support and other treatments will be clearly stated. Harold is going to write a what is best described as a ____. living will fiscal proxy Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) order writ of habeas corpus
living will
A child's ability to move around in the world is referred to as locomotion. gross motor skills. fine motor skills. dynamic motion.
locomotion
The term ____ refers to the amount of energy one's body needs. glycemic level metabolism digestive efficiency body mass index
metabolism
____ concerns the way in which we express the feelings that we have following a loss. Grief Mourning Bereavement Empathy
mourning
Research suggests that middle aged women who lose a ____ report feeling a complex set of emotions including intense emotional feelings of both loss and freedom, remembering both positive and negative aspects of the person, and they experiencing shifts in their sense of self. child parent spouse close friend
parent
Career ____ occurs when there are few advancement opportunities or a lack of challenge in one's job. It may also take place when a worker decides that he or she is not interested in being promoted within their workplace. stagnation plateauing cliffing ceilings
plateauing
Job ____ refers to the positive feelings that result from an appraisal of one's work. turnover quality satisfactoriness satisfaction
satisfaction
A ____ is a set of cultural guidelines that dictate how a person should behave, particularly with other people. social role social rule social norm social more
social role
All cultures have gender ____, which refers to beliefs and images about males and females that may or may not be true. identities types stereotypes functions
stereotypes
Marital ____ is an umbrella term that refers to any marital outcome. success satisfaction quality adjustment
success
Most people have not saved anything close to what they will need in retirement. True False
true
Roughly half of young adults in the United States of America return to their parents' home at least once after they have moved out. True False
true
The average age of the onset of puberty in girls is ____, while the average age of onset of puberty in boys is ____. 13 years, 11 years 11 years, 13 years 12 years, 10 years 10 years, 12 years
11 years, 13 years
Binge drinking is defined for men as consuming ____ or more drinks in a row and for women as consuming ____ or more drinks in a row within the past two weeks. 5; 4 7; 5 4; 3 6; 5
5; 4
What is the primary thrust of the psychosocial theory of development? There are five different stages of psychosexual growth, each of which contributes to our adult personality. At each of eight different stages, people encounter a unique crisis that must be resolved for development to proceed normally. Development is a dynamic process of interaction with our environment, where unskilled children are guided by more skilled adults. There are four stages of cognitive development, and at each stage a child becomes more capable of understanding and utilizing symbolic thought.
At each of eight different stages, people encounter a unique crisis that must be resolved for development to proceed normally.
Why is it that many people consider alcoholism to be a form of addiction? Because there are always legal problems associated with such catastrophic misuse of alcohol Because there is evidence of a neurological impact of the use of alcohol in greater and greater amounts Because it involves physical dependence as well as the experience of withdrawal symptoms Because there is a loss of control over the consumption of alcohol that is involved
Because it involves physical dependence as well as the experience of withdrawal symptoms
Why is it that 22 weeks is considered the earliest "age of viability" for an unborn child? Because this is the age by which the child's systems are functioning well enough to potentially sustain life outside of the mother's body. Because it is not until this age that the unborn child's brain begins developing. Because this is the age when the child's sex is determined, and when appropriate genitals begin to form. Because this is the age after which teratogens can no longer impact the baby.
Because this is the age by which the child's systems are functioning well enough to potentially sustain life outside of the mother's body.
__________ is the state or condition caused by loss through death. Grief Bereavement Mourning Reconciliation
Bereavement
____ is a disease in which people binge eat and then purge by vomiting or using laxatives. Anorexia nervosa Bulimia nervosa Orthorexia nervosa Rumination disorder
Bulimia nervosa
____ is a state of physical, emotional, and mental exhaustion that results from job stress. Marginalization Disillusionment Alienation Burnout
Burnout
Which of the following BEST summarizes the current thinking in human development with regard to the nature and nurture question? Development is always shaped by both nature- and nurture-related factors. While nature is important, it is truly our environment that determines who we are. While nurture is important, it is truly our genetics that determines who we are. Because there are no scientific ways to tease them apart, nature and nurture are largely ignored.
Development is always shaped by both nature- and nurture-related factors.
By proposing a five-stage model of the way people approach dying, ________ changed our understanding of how people consider their own deaths. Anna Freud Elizabeth Kübler-Ross Janet Belsky Susan Eastgard
Elizabeth Kübler-Ross
Which developmentalist is credited with having proposed the psychosocial theory of development? Erik Erikson Lev Vygotsky Sigmund Freud Urie Bronfenbrenner
Erik Erikson
According to your textbook, the very first comprehensive life-span view of human development was forwarded by Sigmund Freud. Erik Erikson. E.L. Thorndike Urie Bronfenbrenner
Erik Erikson.
____ is the sorrow, hurt, anger, guilt, confusion, and other feelings that arise after suffering a loss. Bereavement Grief Mourning Ache
Grief
____ aggression occurs when a child uses aggressive actions to achieve an explicit goal. Relational Instrumental Utilitarian Narrow
Instrumental
Why is it that osteoarthritis would be considered an example of a wear-and-tear disease? It is caused by a tear of the connective tissue in the abdomen. It is a degenerative disease that can be caused by injury or overuse. It is associated with extreme fatigue and exhaustion. It requires tearing built up plaques to reduce symptoms.
It is a degenerative disease that can be caused by injury or overuse.
The concept that personality emerges from conflicts that children experience when what they want to do differs from what society wants them to do is the basis of ____'s psychodynamic theory. Albert Bandura Jean Piaget Sigmund Freud Lev Vygotsky
Jean Piaget
According to your text, the most influential developmental psychologist of the 20th century was Lev Vygotsky. Sigmund Freud. Paul Baltes. Jean Piaget.
Jean Piaget.
The idea that children act like little scientists, constantly creating theories about the relationships between their physical and social worlds, is central to the theory of Jean Piaget. Lev Vygotsky. Urie Bronfenbrenner. Erik Erikson.
Jean Piaget.
Which statement concerning part-time work and teenagers is true? The negative impacts of part-time employment are more severe in males. Teens who save money from working have a worse relationship with their parents. The number of hours worked does not appear to matter. Jobs that require the use of some skill tend to enhance self-esteem.
Jobs that require the use of some skill tend to enhance self-esteem.
Russian psychologist ____ proposed the idea that development in childhood is an apprenticeship in which children advance when they collaborate with more-skilled others. Alexander Zaporozhets Aleksey Leontyev Ivan Pavlov Lev Vygotsky
Lev Vygotsky
____ is an approach based on the idea that the more prepared a couple is for marriage, the better the relationship will survive over the long run. No Marriage Left Behind "Connections" Marriage education Contracted relationship consulting
Marriage education
________ care focuses on providing relief from pain and other symptoms at any point during the disease process. Osteopathic Rehabilitation Hospice Palliative
Palliative
What are the "pieces of bread" on either side of the "sandwich generation?" Job and family Generativity and stagnation Parents and children Stress and coping
Parents and children
____ disease is known mostly for its characteristic motor symptoms, including slow walking, difficulty getting in and out of chairs, and tremors. Crohn's Huntington's Alzheimer's Parkinson's
Parkinson's
Due largely to the efforts of ____, we are now able to describe adults' personality traits using five different factors. Raymond Cattell and John Horn Charles Spearman Paul Costa, Jr. and Robert McCrae Robert Sternberg
Paul Costa, Jr. and Robert McCrae
____ is often regarded as an irresistible harmful force, but research has found that it can have positive consequences as well. Family socialization A dominance hierarchy Peer pressure Broad intensification
Peer pressure
____ is the process by which the brain receives, selects, modifies, and organizes incoming nerve impulses that are the result of physical stimulation. Transduction Sensation Integration Perception
Perception
____ are psychological structures that organize information and regulate behaviors. Assimilations Accommodations Scripts Schemes
Schemes
Which of the following is a drawback associated with sequential studies? Sequential studies cannot determine cause and effect. Sequential studies are typically laboratory-based. Sequential studies only use one group of subjects. Sequential studies tend to be very expensive and time consuming.
Sequential studies tend to be very expensive and time consuming.
Which of the following statements is the most accurate with regard to sibling relationships? Sibling relationships do not typically move beyond the acquaintanceship stage. Sibling relationships typically last longer than other friendships. People with siblings tend to have less friends. Non-sibling friendships have closer bonds than sibling relationships.
Sibling relationships typically last longer than other friendships.
Felicia is at the end of her pregnancy, and she is now in labor. She has been having contractions for about 18 hours, and her cervix is slowly dilating to approximately 10 centimeters. Which stage of labor is Felicia currently in? Stage one Stage two Stage three Stage four
Stage one
A child who is diagnosed with a learning disability must meet all EXCEPT which of the following criteria? The child has difficulty mastering an academic subject. The child has normal intelligence. The child is not suffering from any other condition that would explain the poor performance. The child has an absence of adaptive skills and has difficulties adjusting to their surroundings.
The child has an absence of adaptive skills and has difficulties adjusting to their surroundings.
Which of the following BEST encapsulates the majority of relationships between adolescents and their parents? The relationships are a constant battle for power, independence, and dominance. The relationships are fraught with conflict and struggle. The relationships are distant, with few areas parent-adolescent agreement. The relationships are warm, loving, and satisfying.
The relationships are warm, loving, and satisfying.
What is a central defining characteristic of the basic emotions? They are demonstrated as early as two or three days after birth. They trigger activity in the same facial muscles, though in slightly different ways. They activate a common part of the brain that is responsible for all emotions. They are experienced by human beings worldwide.
They are experienced by human beings worldwide.
Why are theories such an important part of the understanding of human development? They provide the "whys" for development. They give definitive proof of relationships between various developmental factors. They allow us to understand the similarities between species. They are scientifically irrefutable.
They provide the "whys" for development.
At what point would a physician MOST LIKELY suggest hospice care? When nothing else can be done to save the patient When the patient's insurance has declined to pay for future treatment When the physician no longer wants to treat the patient When another physician would be better suited for the patient's care
When nothing else can be done to save the patient
____ are caused by changes to the structure of the skin and its connective and supporting tissue and worsened by sun exposure and cigarette smoking. Tumors Liver spots Wrinkles Freckles
Wrinkles
For most adults, the decision to remain single is something that they have felt strongly about since childhood. a kneejerk reaction to heartbreak. a gradual one that develops over time. a result of being unable to find a suitable marriage partner.
a gradual one that develops over time.
Genetic factors appear to play _____ role in determining how long people will live. no a minimal some a major
a major
Validity is to reliability as study is to experiment. cause is to correlation. positive is to negative. accuracy is to consistency.
accuracy is to consistency.
Two-month-old Sheldon is snuggled in his mother's arms. He is quietly looking around, and appears to be simply 'absorbing' his environment. He is attentive to sounds around him, and is very calm. Sheldon's current state would be described as sleeping. crying. waking activity. alert inactivity.
alert inactivity.
A worker described as ____ would feel devalued. alienated burned out plateauing generative
alienated
Basic emotions include all EXCEPT which of the following? surprise apathy distress disgust
apathy
Adolescents are more likely to achieve an identity when parents encourage discussion and recognize the adolescent's growing ____. vulnerability egocentrism freedom autonomy
autonomy
114 0 / 1 pts The ____ child in a classroom is liked by some classmates, and disliked by other classmates, but in neither case is there a high level of intensity to those feelings. popular controversial rejected average
average
Infant mortality rate is defined as the percentage of infants who die before birth. during birth. before their first birthday. before their second birthday.
before their first birthday.
There was this family—maybe you've heard of them. There was a father who had three sons, and he married a woman with three daughters. They were a really fun "bunch." This group is an example of a(n) ____ family. multigenerational blended adjusted augmented
blended
With regard to the ability to see colors, newborns can perceive a few colors. are functionally colorblind. can see primary and secondary colors, but not blended colors. can see the entire spectrum of colors.
can perceive a few colors.
In ____ conditioning, a neutral stimulus elicits a response that was originally evoked by a different stimulus. reinforcing operant classical vicarious
classical
The most effective sex education programs are those that are _____. "abstinence-only" comprehensive and emphasize responsibility based on religious values bare bones and provide only biological information
comprehensive and emphasize responsibility
The third stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development, which typically occurs between ages 7 and 11 years, is the ____ period. formal operational concrete operational pre-operational post-operational
concrete operational
When people in the United States watch television programs about children in other cultures, they are often surprised to find out that children from other countries often have very different skills and abilities than their own kids, even though they are the same age. This difference demonstrates the concept of context-specific development. universal development. nomothetic development. nature-based development.
context-specific development.
Reevaluating one's roles and dreams and making the necessary corrections is referred to as a midlife correction. identity.. crisis. assessment..
correction.
8 0 / 1 pts According to one theory, people face their own death by going through five different stages. Which of the following is the correct order of those stages? denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance anger, denial, depression, bargaining, acceptance bargaining, anger, depression, denial, acceptance depression, anger, bargaining, denial, acceptance
denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance
Which disorder is associated with a pervasive feeling of sadness, irritability, low self-esteem, poor sleep, and difficulty concentrating? anxiety depression drug addiction somatosensory disorder
depression
A style of controlling a child's behavior where the parent tells them what to do, when to do it, and why it should be done is called direct instruction. direct implementation. guided participation. scaffolded inculcation.
direct instruction.
The notion that development is best described in terms of a series of abrupt shifts in behavior BEST fits with the ____ approach. nature nurture continuity discontinuity
discontinuity
When a job is awarded or denied to a person solely on the basis of whether they are a man or a woman, gender ____ has occurred. discrimination prejudice inequity burnout
discrimination
According to Bandura, experience gives people a sense of self-____, which to a person's beliefs about their own abilities and talents. efficacy esteem image concept
efficacy
Once a zygote implants itself in the uterine lining, it officially becomes a(n) ____. embryo baby fetus germ disc
embryo
Before a person can successfully create an intimate relationship with another person, Erikson felt that they had to first establish an identity of their own. begin their career. establish their own, independent residence. complete their education
establish an identity of their own.
There are three fundamental characteristics of human development, according to your authors. Which of the following is NOT one of them? nature and nurture external and internal continuity and discontinuity universal and context-specific development
external and internal
Teenagers are more likely to engage in sexual activity when parents actively discourage sexual activity. encourage dependence. remain emotionally attached. fail to monitor their activities.
fail to monitor their activities.
When parents set rules with little justification and enforce them without explanation, adolescents are more likely to remain in the identity ____ status because they are prevented from experimenting with different selves, and simply do what they are told to do. foreclosure achievement diffusion moratorium
foreclosure
In Erikson's theory, middle adulthood is occupied by the search for ____, which involves being productive by helping others in order to ensure the continuation of society by guiding the next generation. generativity ego integrity intimacy identity
generativity
Which term does NOT belong in this group? experiential nurture environmental hereditary
hereditary
The fact that a teen growing up during the Vietnam War will develop in a different manner than a teen growing up during the Iraq War is best explained in terms of multidirectionality. multiple causation. plasticity. historical context.
historical context.
Research into the eyesight of older individuals that was conducted by human development researchers has led some states to change the way older drivers are screened when they renew their driver's licenses. This reflects how research can affect social policy. the benefits of doing meta-analytic research. the importance of longitudinal studies. why correlational research is superior in some ways to experimental research.
how research can affect social policy.
What type of reasoning skills, usually developed during the formal-operational stage of Piaget's theory, are needed for an adolescent to experiment with different selves to learn more about possible identities? deductive reasoning skills hypothetical reasoning skills intuitive reasoning skills expansive reasoning skills
hypothetical reasoning skills
Which BEST describes the relationship between biological, psychological, and sociocultural forces in human development? unimportant independent interactive non-normative
independent
Aging is a(n) ____ process involving many variations across people. social individual external cognitive
individual
The one word that best distinguishes simple social play from parallel play is rules cooperative interaction imagination
interaction
According to Erikson, the major task for young adults is to deal with the psychosocial conflict of ____. identity versus role confusion generativity versus stagnation intimacy versus isolation independence versus dependence
intimacy versus isolation
Some developmentalists have categorized the ____ as a period called emerging adulthood. late teens to the early thirties late teens to the mid- to late twenties early twenties to early thirties ages of 18 to 21 years
late teens to the mid- to late twenties
A(n) ____ is the process by which people reflect on the events and experiences of their years. applied behavior analysis integrity affirmation life review longevity encapsulation
life review
Prenatal development, brain maturation, puberty, and menopause are all examples of ____ forces. psychological life-cycle biological sociocultural
life-cycle
When Jordan, who is a 25-year-old and married father of one infant daughter, is laid off from his job, it impacts him with a devastating amount of worry and fear. When Jackson, who is a 72-year-old married man with five grandchildren, is laid off from his job, he seems to take it in stride and decides that this is a good time to retire. Which of the following forces BEST explains the different reactions of Jordan and Jackson? biological forces psychological forces sociocultural forces life-cycle forces
life-cycle forces
Erikson felt that in order for one to achieve a sense of integrity, they must find some sort of spiritual path to help them reconcile their failures. have a healthy relationship with their children and/or grandchildren. accept the fact that retirement from work is inevitable. make peace with the fact that the end of their life is approaching.
make peace with the fact that the end of their life is approaching
Hulk often has to step in and solve disagreements between his son Hogan and his daughter Brooke. This action best reflects the idea of a parent as a playmate. coach. social director. mediator.
mediator.
Between the ages of two and five, children develop a theory of ____, which refers to a naïve understanding of the relationship between thoughts and behaviors. duplicity formality concepts mind
mind
With regard to the level of behavioral control parents assert over children, research finds that a(n) ____ amount of control is best for children. low moderate high extreme
moderate
A primary cause of death that is common to both adolescent girls and boys is drug overdose. firearms. motor vehicle accidents. suicide.
motor vehicle accidents.
According to Erikson's concept of ____, different life periods are associated with different psychosocial strengths. external societal demands naturalistic observation the epigenetic principle identity versus confusion
naturalistic observation
Monroe wants to conduct a research study assessing the way children play with each other at different ages. After getting the appropriate permissions, he sits on a bench near a school playground and surreptitiously takes notes on the children's behaviors. Monroe would be best described as engaging in case studies. self-report data collection. structured observation. naturalistic observation.
naturalistic observation.
Marjorie believes that her husband, Tom, is an excellent father because he was born with a gentle nature and an abundance of patience. Tom, on the other hand, believes that he is a good father because he learned to be one from his own parents. Which fundamental question of human development does this issue address? nature and nurture external and internal continuity and discontinuity universal and context-specific development
nature and nurture
The most basic unit in the brain and nervous system of a human being is the nerve. astrocyte. glial cell. neuron.
neuron.
Retirement involves the loss of integrity. maximum performance potential. autonomy. occupational identity.
occupational identity.
One reason that sibling relationships are thought to be so important is that siblings often remain highly involved in each other's lives. often constitute the longest-lasting relationships. often support each other financially. often use competition to motivate their successes throughout life.
often constitute the longest-lasting relationships.
The most rapidly growing segment of the United States population is the group of people between the ages of 40 and 55. between the ages of 55 and 65. between the ages of 65 and 80. over the age of 85.
over the age of 85.
When children play alone but remain aware of and interested in what another child is doing, they are engaging in ____ play. collaborative imitative onlooker parallel
parallel
A rite of ____ involves a ritual or ceremonial event that marks initiation into adulthood. demarcation arrival passage maturation
passage
The textbook identifies three ways in which the environment can contribute to differences in test scores. Which of the following is NOT one of them? experience with test contents test-taking skills peer pressure stereotype threat
peer pressure
Fathers tend to emphasize ____ as they interact with their babies. reading and talking to them showing them toys playing quiet games physical play
physical play
Any behavior that benefits another person is properly termed ____. acquiescent empathic prosocial constricting
prosocial
The original purpose of Social Security was to create a way for seniors to pay for housing expenses. provide a supplement to savings and other means of financial support. provide the primary source of income for those over age 65. create an investment opportunity.
provide a supplement to savings and other means of financial support.
Emotional, personality, and perceptual factors are all examples of ____ forces. psychological biological life-cycle sociocultural
psychological
A(n) ____ refers to an unlearned response that is triggered by a specific stimulation. reflex reaction unconditioned association action
reflex
Piaget believed that children are like little blank slates, who come into the world with no existing cognitive skills. artists, constructing their own beautiful canvases. performers, constantly vying for attention. scientists, creating theories about how the world works.
scientists, creating theories about how the world works.
What is the correct order of the four stages of cognitive development, according to Piaget? sensorimotor period, formal operational period, preoperational period, concrete operational period sensorimotor period, preoperational period, concrete operational period, formal operational period preoperational period, sensorimotor period, formal operational period, concrete operational period formal operational period, concrete operational period, preoperational period, sensorimotor period
sensorimotor period, preoperational period, concrete operational period, formal operational period
According to your textbook, the single biggest contributor to health problems in the United States is taking illegal drugs. alcohol consumption. overeating. smoking.
smoking.
Influences such as one's parents and siblings, teachers and co-workers, peers, schools, television, and the workplace are all examples of ____ forces. psychological biological life-cycle sociocultural
sociocultural
The biopsychosocial framework organizes the contributions of many different forces in human development. Which of the following is NOT one of them? biological forces spiritual forces sociocultural forces psychological forces
spiritual forces
According to Erikson, ____ is a state in which people are unable to deal with the needs of their children or to provide mentoring to younger adults. despair stagnation isolation encapsulation
stagnation
According to novelists and filmmakers, the search for identity is described as a struggle, a time of ____ for adolescents. tabula rasa peace and tranquility storm and stress ebb and flow
storm and stress
Ruth has recently experienced a cerebral vascular accident involving an interruption of the flow of blood to her brain. If you were going to use the more common term for this medical event, you'd say that she had a(n) ____. aneurysm stroke heart attack syncopal episode
stroke
Which of the following would be considered an activity of daily living? paying one's bills taking a shower or bath going grocery shopping going to lunch or dinner with friends
taking a shower or bath
Any agent that interferes with normal prenatal development is a(n) ____. fetalytic teratogen ototoxin carcinogen
teratogen
As women enter midlife, they experience a major biological process called ____, during which they pass from their reproductive to their non-reproductive years. perimenopause menopause the climacteric menarche
the climacteric
180 0 / 1 pts Your textbook discusses three different types of cries that a baby can produce. Which of the following is not one of them? the basic cry the mad cry the hunger cry the pain cry
the hunger cry
Patrick wakes up one morning to find that he has developed an enormous pimple right on the end of his nose. All throughout the school day he is absolutely sure that everyone is staring at the blemish, when in reality almost nobody cares enough about it to even look. Patrick's certainty that he is the focus of others' attention demonstrates ____. identity moratorium adolescent arrogance limited centration the imaginary audience
the imaginary audience
For children and adolescents, the technical definition of overweight is based on ____. their weight compared to the average for others their age the percentile of their body mass index whether their BMI in greater than 25 the impact of their weight on their physical functioning
the percentile of their body mass index
Of the three prenatal stages of development which is by far the longest? the period of the zygote the period of the embryo the period of the fetus the period of the neonate
the period of the fetus
One reason that adolescents engage in risky behavior is because they vastly underestimate the risks involved. the rewards associated with risky behavior are so appealing. they do not value their lives as much as adults do. they are susceptible to peer pressure to take risks.
the rewards associated with risky behavior are so appealing.
A ____ is an organized set of ideas that is designed to explain development. theory prediction correlation coefficient structured observation
theory
Which of the following is the single best predictor of adolescent sexual behavior? the adolescent's popularity among his/her peers the "crowd" with whom the adolescent most closely identifies the adolescent's racial or ethnic background there is no single factor that best predicts adolescent sexual behavior
there is no single factor that best predicts adolescent sexual behavior
Which of the following discipline techniques combines the best features of punishment while also avoiding its drawbacks? long-term grounding corporal punishment (spankings) a negative reinforcement trap time-out
time-out
The ____ is a structure that contains veins and arteries and connects a developing child to the placenta. umbilical cord amnion germ disc blastocyst
umbilical cord
The fact that babies from around the world tend to develop language skills at approximately the same age is support for which of the following concepts from the study of human development? continuity discontinuity context-specific development universal development
universal development
When a measure being used in a research study actually assesses what the researchers think it measures, it would be described as being reliable. valid. observational. experimental.
valid.
Which of the following are the two dimensions that differentiate various parenting styles? warmth and responsiveness & expressed emotionality parental control & expressed emotionality warmth and responsiveness & parental control style of discipline & assignment of responsibilities
warmth and responsiveness & parental control
Quite possibly the biggest decision that a couple will have to make is whether or not both partners should pursue a career. where to live. how to save and when to spend their money. whether or not to have children.
whether or not to have children.
The main assumption of Holland's theory is that people develop career goals at different rates. will be happiest in work environments that match their personalities. should take tests to determine which career is best for them. should choose a career based on economic issues.
will be happiest in work environments that match their personalities.
The ____ conflict is the feeling of being pulled in multiple directions by the competing demands of occupational and home obligations. vocational-personal work-family occupational-homestead boss-spouse
work-family
