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Which of the following changes to Western Europe during the period 400-1450 occurred under the reign of Charlemagne?
A new model of civilization emerged in Western Europe for the first time since the fall of Rome
Which of the following is an effect of the trends described in the passage?
A significant increase in peasant labor to produce silk textiles
All of the following contributed to the end of the Ming reconnaissance voyages after 1433 C.E. EXCEPT
Admiral Zheng He supported a coup attempt against the emperor that was unsuccessful and he was executed.
Which of the following best characterizes a central element in the Atlantic triangular trade ca. 1500-1800?
Africa provided slaves, the Americas provided rum and agricultural products, and Europe provided manufactured goods.
How does the colonization of Australia and the Pacific compare with the colonization of the Americas?
Although European mariners explored the Australian coastline in the seventeenth century, they were uninterested in the area because there were few trading opportunities to be had.
Which of the following statements best supports a cause of the trend described in the passage?
An increase in trade relationships with Europe
How did political structure in Bantu society change over time?
At first Bantu societies governed themselves mostly through family and kinship groups, and then moved to more stratified political structures.
The "chinampa system" refers to the
Aztec practice of dredging fertile muck from the lake's bottom
The English East India Company, founded 1600 C.E., and the Dutch United East India Company, founded 1602 C.E., were similar in all of the following ways EXCEPT which one?
Both companies experienced significant financial losses soon after they were established, and the British and Dutch governments had to intervene and fund the companies with public monies.
In what way did postclassical western Europe resemble postclassical India?
Both divided into regional kingdoms held together by cultural traditions and religion.
Which of the following is true regarding the greatest extent of the territorial holdings of the Ming empire 3168-1644, as compared to the Qing empire 1644-1211?
Both empires governed all of the southern and central China
Which of the following represents the most significant reason behind the foundation of universities in a number of European cities between the mid-twelfth and late-thirteenth centuries?
Both faculty and students wanted to form guilds in order to protect there respective interests and persuaded rulers to grant charters to protect their rights
In about 1000 C.E., western Mediterranean and Norse merchants shared which of the following attributes?
Both groups of merchants were involved in networks of exchange connecting the Byzantine empire and Abbasid caliphate with western European states.
Ming dynasty mandarins and eunuchs were similar in what way?
Both groups were trusted servants of the empire.
What conclusion about Europe and China does this painting support?
Both leaders of Western Europe and Tang China legitimized their rule through religious or ethical beliefs
The travels of Ibn Battuta and Marco Polo are similar in which of the following ways?
Both men spent time in lands of the Great Khan in China.
[X]In what way did ALL of postclassical Europe resemble the Abbasid empire?
Both postclassical Europe and the Abbasid empire helped consolidate their respective religions (Christianity in Europe; Islam in the Abbasid empire) as the principal cultural influence in their respective societies as well as used various methods of expanding the religious and moral authority of Islam/Christianity.
In what ways were the creation of the Russian empire and the Portuguese empire similar?
Both sought ways to control lucrative trade goods.
The lifestyles of Australian aboriginals and San peoples of southern Africa prior to contact with Europeans were similar in which of the following ways?
Both were hunter-foragers.
The reconnaissance voyages of Amerigo Vespucci (1454-1512) and Bartolomeu Dias (ca.1450-1500) were similar in which of the following ways?
Both were undertaken under protection of the Portuguese crown.
Why does there seem to be a connection between the rise of regional kingdoms and trade in Africa?
By controlling local commerce, chieftains increased their wealth, enhanced their power, and extended their authority, allowing them to become kings.
Which of the following was an example of continuing investments in military technology that enabled the Byzantines to resist the expansion of Islam into Anatolia and the Balkans ca. the early 700s C.E.?
Byzantine forces used Greek fire in incendiary weapons.
How did the economy of western Europe compare with that of Byzantium?
Byzantium's economic base consisted of a strong free peasantry combined with textile exportation, including that of silk.
The author of the Institutes of the Christian Religion was
Calvin
Because of the commercial link between the countries depicted in the image, which of the following locations also became a key trading post?
Casablanca, Morocco
The influence of India in the development of a larger cultural zone in south and southeast Asia was similar to that of China in east Asia, but was different because
China's influence came from a unified central authority; whereas, India's influence was one of several regional kingdoms, none of which were able to dominate the entire south or southeastern region.
Which of the following statements is not true about the role Hindu temple complexes played during Chola rule (ca. 820-1267 C.E.)?
Chola rulers decided that Hindu religious leaders had grown too powerful, so the temples were closed and their land was confiscated
Each of the following were examples of continuing pressure on the Ming dynasty in period ca. 1630-1644 except
Christian Chinese rose in rebellion, allying themselves with Manchu leaders seeking to overthrow the Ming dynasty.
Each of the following were examples of continuous pressure on the Ming dynasty in the period ca. 1630-1644 except
Christian Chinese rose in rebellion, allying themselves with Manchu leaders seeking to overthrow the Ming dynasty.
All of the following are true concerning the establishment of the bakufu in Japan in 1600 by the military leader Tokugawa Ieyasu except
Christian missionary efforts had been so successful that the imperial dynasty was able to reassert its authority and reunite the country under direct imperial control.
What trend among cities around the world of that era is reflected in this image?
Cities relied on walls for protection against attackers
Pedro de Cieza de Leon's description of the Inca best illustrates which of the following?
Commercial growth was often aided by state practices such as the building of highways
The social organization of later Ming and Qing China- the emperor and his family as the most high status group, following by scholar-bureaucrats and gentry, and, in descending order of status, peasants, artisans or workers, merchants and entrepreneurs, the military, and the so-called mean people- entertainers, prostitutes, minorities, slaves, and indentured servants- best represent the influence of the religious or philosophical tenets of
Confucianism
Historians often consider the period ca. 1450 to 1500 C.E. a turning point in the religious history of Eurasia. Which event that occurred in that period BEST supports that contention?
Constantinople fell to the Turks, 1453 C.E.
All of the following were contributions made by British Captain James Cook and his crew during three voyages of reconnaissance between 1768 and 1780 C.E. EXCEPT
Cook and his crew made the first circumnavigation of the globe by Europeans.
Which of the following was a result of voyages such as the one described in the passage?
Creation of a Portuguese commercial empire.
African traditions made an impression on American cultural traditions in all of the following except
Creole was widely spoken in many parts of the Americas and combined a standard set of African and European words.
who led the opposing sides in the English civil war?
Cromwell versus King Charles I
What served as the administrative, religious, and ceremonial center of the Inca empire?
Cuzco
the coastal cities of Mombasa, Sofala, and Mogdishu would typically export A)silks and porcelain B)cotton and steel C)horses, figs, and dates D)slaves, ivory, and gold
D)slaves, ivory, and gold
A historian researching the influence of the Carolingian empire on recent European unification efforts would most likely use which of the following resources?
Data about implementation of uniform weighs, measures, and a common coinage
Which of the following best accounts for the trends shown on the graph during the period 1300-1500?
Decreased population due to the spread of the bubonic plague
Which of the following changes best justifies the claim that population pressures were becoming a concern in the Qing empire ca. 1750?
Despite the large land area, only a small part of China was fertile farmland and even irrigation, mountain terracing, new rice strains, and agricultural innovations were not able to meet food demand.
The first trading post was built in south Africa by the
Dutch
In recent decades, many world historians have challenged the view that the Dutch involvement in the East Indies in the mid-1600s C.E. (in what is now Indonesia) was focused on acquisition of a land empire. All of the following statements support this challenge EXCEPT
Dutch merchants welcomed any foreign merchants who wanted to do business in the East Indies, as there were abundant profits to be made by making spices more widely available.
What is the significance of cities such as Hangzhou, Melaka, Cambay, Samarkand, Hormuz, Baghdad, Caffa, Alexandria, Kilwa, Constantinople, and Venice?
Each of these cities attracted large numbers of new inhabitants as a result of being regarded as a fair trading city.
Why did Christianity not take hold in east Asia during the fourteenth century?
East Asian peoples already possessed sophisticated religious and cultural traditions.
Which of the following states developed constitutional states in the seventeenth century?
England and the Netherlands
The image above supports which of the following trends in the creation of European trading empires?
Europeans mainly established networks of trading posts in Africa and Asia, while focusing on territorial control in the Americas
The passage is best viewed as a description of which of the following political systems?
Feudal government
Why would the family portrayed in this painting have been rarer to find in a French colony than in other European colonies?
French settlers were less likely to settle permanently in one place
The growth of the Swahili city-states between ca. 1300 and 1505 C.E. led to which of the following experiences for those who lived in these cities?
Frequent interactions with foreigners who visited the city-states to trade for gold, slaves, and ivory made citizens of the city-states wealthy.
What political system gradually replaced the Roman empire in western Europe?
Germanic kingdoms based on raiding, pillaging, and overwhelming the European population.
Which of the following is NOT true about the Columbian exchange?
Global trade declined after the initial round of exchanges as people in different parts of the world adjusted to new religious beliefs that were passed across networks of communication and exchange.
Why did Ibn Battuta travel such long distances within the Islamic world?
He was a jurist, whose job it was to help interpret Islamic law.
Which statement best describes the point of view of the sources, Ralph Fitch?
He was hoping to make profits just as the Portuguese were doing
Which of the following best characterizes cultural, political, and religious diffusion from Indian to neighboring lands like Burma?
Hinduism, Buddhism, Sanskrit writings, Indian concepts of government organization, the kingship, and architecture were later followed by an influx of Islamic references
The most likely intended audience of this excerpt consisted of
Hindus in Khorasan and Persia
In recent decades, many world historians have challenged the view that Europeans and Americans were responsible for the only large forced migration between 750-1550 C.E. Which of the following evidence best supports the historical reinterpretation?
Historians estimate that millions of Africans were enslaved and exported to lands under Islamic control.
About 1300 C.E., the modern state of Iran as well as parts of western Afghanistan and Pakistan, northern Iraq, eastern Turkey, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Georgia were ruled by the Mongol successor state of the
Ilkhanate
Which of the following resulted from the adapting agriculture to a monsoon environment?
Increased development of irrigation systems in order to support more dense populations which grew into urban areas
Which of the following developments in the period ca. 200-1000 C.E. BEST explains
Increased political stability and the introduction of new food crops from Muslim lands
In the era c. 1450 - c. 1750, cultural consequences of Martin Luther's teachings included:
Increased questioning of traditional social mores.
In the era c. 1450 - c. 1750, political consequences of Martin Luther's teaching included:
Increased warfare and political fragmentation.
Which of the following statements best explains the trends in prices between 1500 and 1600?
Increases in demand due to population growth and the Little Ice Age resulted in higher prices
Which of the following answer choices best describes a response to the trends shown on the graph during the period 1450-1800?
Increases in traditional peasant agriculture
Which of the following describes a major change in Indian social organization related to the caste system in postclassical India?
Increasing commercial integration between northern and southern India resulted in the expansion of the caste system to the southern part of the subcontinent.
Which of the following describes a major change that occurred in the European demand for slaves at the beginning of the thirteenth century?
Increasing industrialization caused a huge increase in demands for labor that Europe-depopulated after the Black Death-could not meet domestically
The Bantu spread their language and culture across a huge stretch of Africa in a similar way that ______ spread language and culture across Eurasia.
Indo-Europeans
Which of the following factors most contributed to da Gama's ability to undertake the voyage described in the passage?
Innovations in ship design
The theory of universal gravity is associated with
Isaac Newton
Which of the following represents the most significant cause for growth in economic power of the kingdom of Axum (ca. 400 B.C.E. to mid-tenth century C.E.)?
It adopted Christianity beginning in the fourth century C.E. and soon dominated the flow of trade between Mediterranean and Indian Ocean trade networks.
What advantages did having a "trading post empire" afford the Portuguese?
It allowed them to control trade without having to manage a lot of territory or people.
Why were the Mongols unsuccessful in their conquests of Vietnam, Cambodia, and Burma?
It was difficult for the Mongols to acclimate to the humid, tropical forests.
How did the trading city of Novgorod become important to Ivan III?
Its wealth helped fund the expansion of the Muscovite kingdom.
the system of government described in the passage is most similar to which of the following?
Japan
Japan changed culturally between 1600 and 1700 in all of the following ways except
Korean literature became popular with the growing Japanese merchant class
Business practices in postclassical China, the Islamic world, and Europe were similar in which of the following ways?
Letters of credit were used in many transactions
The colonization of Madagascar by Malay peoples from the modern country of Indonesia led to which change in the lives on Bantu peoples on the African mainland in subsequent centuries?
Malay migrants brought bananas, chickens, taro, yams, and southeast Asian cultural values to Madagascar and banana cultivation soon spread to Bantu peoples on the African mainland.
The Muslim hajj to Mecca and medieval Roman Catholic pilgrimages to churches were similar in all but which of the following ways?
Many Christians and Muslims resented the fact that little was done to assist and protect them when they went on pilgrimages
Review the map. Which voyage would most likely have been made?
Mariners sailing from Cambay, Calicut, or Surat to Madagascar, or to the ports of Mozambique or Sofala, would most likely sail between November and February
[X]From the information in the chronology of events related to the Mongols between 1206 and 1289 C.E., which of the following statements can you infer to be correct?
Mongol armed forces were less successful when fighting in humid, tropical rain forests or on islands.
Which statement about military tactics is best supported by the illustration?
Mongols adopted military technology from people they conquered and used it to attack others
In what ways did global trade transform as a result of the Columbian exchange?
More and more commodities came from all over the world rather than from close to where people lived.
All of the following factors contributed to the collapse of the kingdom of Kongo by ca. 1650 except
Muslim adventures from Songhay invaded the kingdom of Kongo and forced conversion of the kingdom's population to Islam and rerouted trade in ivory, gold, and slave to trans-Saharan routes.
Which of the following factors represents the most significant cause of the growth in the percentage of Muslims in the Indian population during the period of the Ghaznavid and the Turkish sultanate of Delhi?
Muslim rulers raided Buddhist and Hindu temples, monasteries, and shrines, killing many found at those sites, and suppressing the Indian faiths
Rebellion, halfhearted work, and retreat into the mountains and forests all exemplify
Native Americans' and slaves' desire to change their lives while having very little autonomy over their lives.
[X]Which of the following is a reason for why Justinian issue laws targeting heretics?
New peoples were drawn to the Byzantine Empire with he growth of Constantinople as the western end of the Silk Roads.
Which of the following sources would be of interest in studying the challenges to the Ptolemaic view of the universe?
Nicolaus Copernicus's 1543 treatise, "On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres"
[X]Which of the following best characterizes a central element of the role of nomadic people in transporting goods between China and the Mediterranean Sea basin during the postclassical period and later?
Nomadic people were familiar with central Asia geography, and their horsemanship, and knowledge of breeding and caring for horses helped them organize and manage caravans.
Which of the following describes a major change that occurred in relations between north Africans and western Africans during the seventh and eighth centuries?
North African and Arab Muslims introduced Islam to the peoples of west Africa and a gradual process of conversion began.
A historian interested in researching the evolution of Mesoamerican civilization ca. 1500 B.C.E. to 1500 C.E. would most likely access sources related to which of the following sets of civilizations?
Olmec, Maya, Toltec, and Mexica
Which of the following describes a major change in the process of European reconnaissance ca. 1519-1522 C.E.?
Only eighteen sailors and one ship of a Spanish fleet commanded by Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan, who died en route, completed the circumnavigation of the globe.
In 962 C.E., Pope John XII presented the imperial crown to
Otto of Saxony
The policy introduced by the Ming in the passage eventually led to which of the following long-term effects?
Peasant uprisings due to inflation from a silver-based tax system
In the English colonies, a higher percentage of women settlers ensured that the migrants mainly married amongst themselves. This is similar to which colonial area in Latin America?
Peru
The events described in the timeline are most closely related to the expansion and evolution of which cultural group?
Polynesians
Which of the following was NOT one of the commercial rivalries that led to the Seven Years' War?
Portuguese mariners removed Arab, Indian, and Malay merchants in Indian Ocean commerce.
Which of the following enabled the Portuguese to sail to places like the one depicted in the image?
Portuguese maritime innovations such as ship-building and cartography
Reformation of the monastic movement in both the Orthodox and Roman Catholic Churches between 329 and 547 C.E. resulted in what change experienced by those who joined a monastery or convent?
Poverty, chastity, and obedience were prime virtues for monks and nuns who lived in reformed monasteries or convents.
Which of the following is NOT true of transoceanic dispersal of human populations between ca. 1500 and ca. 1800 C.E.?
Prior to ca. 1800 C.E., few Europeans migrated to the Americas, as native peoples were so numerous that there was little arable land to farm and few sources of resources to exploit.
Which of the following is true regarding the construction of public buildings and monuments such as those described in the passage?
Public architecture often reflected the cultural values of urban government
China fell behind technologically during the Ming and Qing dynasties due to the
Qing preference for political and social stability over technological innovation
The chief obstacle to Portuguese control of Angola came from
Queen Nzinga
The spread of the hacienda system of agricultural production in Spanish America in the 1500s and 1600s resulted in which of the following changes in the lives of Amerindian peoples?
Raising livestock, craft production, and agriculture were the primary jobs filled by Amerindian peoples under supervision of peninsulares, creoles, and those they appointed as overseers.
Historians often consider the last years of the late middle ages—mid-fifteenth century C.E.—a turning point in European reconnections with the greater world. All but which of the following changes support this theory?
Religious reunification between the Roman Catholic and Orthodox Church traditions coalesced into a new, Uniate theology.
In addition to researching the heavy, iron plow, an agricultural historian interested in agricultural innovations adopted in western Europe ca. 900 C.E. would also use which of the following sources?
Reports of the adoption of improved horse collars, allowing faster-moving horses, rather than oxen, to pull plows
In recent decades, many world historians have challenged the view that Europeans failed to make any diplomatic contacts in their efforts to defend themselves from Abbasid expansion in the 1240s and 1250s. Which of the following evidence BEST supports this historic reinterpretation?
Roman Catholic popes sent diplomatic representatives to the Mongol khans, urging them to convert to Christianity.
Which of the following describes a major change that occurred in the religious affairs in Europe and elsewhere around the world following the Council of Trent, which met in various sessions between 1545 and 1563?
Roman Catholics launched a Catholic Reformation in response to Protestant challenges to church doctrine and practices.
The system of labor mentioned in the last paragraph is most similar to which of the following systems of labor?
Serfdom in Europe
What similar view of Dona Marina is portrayed in both images?
She is portrayed as an essential part of the negotiations.
By the late sixth century, China and Byzantium were the two largest producers of which of the following?
Silk
Which of the following developments in the period ca. 1500-ca. 1750 in the African slave trade best explains changes in the gender ratios in western African populations?
So many men were enslaved and shipped to the Americas that women outnumbered men by two to one in some societies, resulting in an expansion of polygamy.
Which of the following is NOT true of the Viking, or Norse, expansion out of their Scandinavian homelands beginning in the late eighth century?
Some Vikings were missionaries who were eager to spread their religious beliefs to other peoples.
The invasion of the Songhay empire in 1591 by an army from Morocco resulted in all of the following except
Songhay armies defeated the Moroccans, and the forces of Songhay then invaded and conquered Morocco and placed it in tributary status to the Songhay empire.
All of the following statements are true of Spanish colonization of the Philippines beginning in 1565 C.E. EXCEPT which one?
Spanish forces easily defeated the Muslim state located on the southern island of Mindanao and successfully completed the conversion of the native people to Roman Catholicism.
All of the following statements about the Inca empire ca. 1525 C.E. are factual EXCEPT
Spanish incursions had already occurred, plunging the empire into civil war and epidemic disease that caused Inca populations to plummet.
The encomenderos were
Spanish settlers
Pedro de Cieza de Leon's description of the Inca best illustrates which of the following continuities in world history?
States developed legal codes that facilitated the rule of governments over the people
The listed events best describe which of the following?
Sunni Ali's consolidation of the kingdom of Songhay
Which of the following pairs of powerful new or greatly expanded trading cities from the period ca. 699 to ca. 1450 shared the geographic factor that they were surrounded by water?
Tenochtitlan and Venice
Historians often consider the period ca. 1428-1520 C.E. a turning point in the history of the Americas. Which of the following events that occurred during that period BEST supports that contention?
The Aztec empire expanded to dominate central Mexico from the Caribbean to the Pacific coast.
Which statement accurately describes the historical context for the fifth section of the passage?
The Byzantine Empire was still connected to remnants of the Roman Empire by adapting religious institutions.
The growth of Chinese exports of tea, lacquerware, silk, and porcelain during the early years of the Qing dynasty ca. 1650 to markets in central Asia, Europe, and the states of the Indian Ocean basin.
The Chinese chose to import relatively few items-- those included spices, tropical birds, and exotic animal skins-- and silver bullion was used by various customers to pay for desired Chinese products.
All of the following are true of the prosperity of southern India and Ceylon during the Chola kingdom except
The Chola kingdom's conversion to Islam made its merchants more welcome in many different Indian Ocean cities
Which of the following describes a major difference between the Golden Horde and the other successor Mongol states following the death of Chinggis Khan in 1227 C.E.?
The Golden Horde remained a steppe-based power, directly ruling the lands north of the Black Sea and east into central Asia, and held Russian lands in a tributary relationship.
Which of the following describes a major change that occurred in relations between Christian religious groups ca. 1054 C.E.?
The Great Schism split the Orthodox churches from the Roman Catholic Church.
Why do historians say that the Protestant Reformation caused the Thirty Years' War?
The Holy Roman Emperor tried to force Bohemia back to Roman Catholicism, triggering the start of the war.
Which of the following ranked as the largest state ever built in South America by the late fifteenth century?
The Inca
Which factor contributed to the appearance of the Aztec empire's territorial claims ca. 1520 C.E.?
The Mexica people, along with people from Texcoco and Tlacopan, controlled a federation including various tributary states.
Which of the following was NOT a Ming Chinese response after they expelled their foreign rulers, the Mongols, and the effects of an outbreak of bubonic plague in 1368 C.E.?
The Ming dynasty elected to reinvigorate naval traditions associated with Admiral Zheng He and built large fleets that projected Ming power and trading connections into the Indian Ocean basin.
Which statement best states the Russian duke's view of the Mongols?
The Mongols were interested only in plunder and treasure but not in controlling the Russian territory
Which of the following is not true of the spread of Islam into northern India c. 700 c.e
The Muslim conquest of Sind in 711 C.E., an Indian province located in the modern state of Pakistan, became the first military campaign to bring island into India
Spanish exploration and colonization during the fifteenth century differs most strongly from Portuguese exploration and colonization during the fifteenth century in which of the following ways?
The Spanish were seeking to reach India by crossing the Atlantic.
In recent decades, many economic historians have challenged the view that European merchants and entrepreneurs failed to adopt elements of capitalism as business practices beginning ca. 1500. All of the following support this historical reinterpretation EXCEPT
The amount and value of European trade with other states involved in the global network of communications and exchange fell significantly following ca. 1500.
Which of these statements is most accurate for the era c. 1450-c. 1750?
The amount of trade goods exported from China to Europe and the Americas increased dramatically
[X]Which of the following is NOT true of the adoption of Indian cultural, religious, political, and social organizational theories in southeast Asian states beginning ca. 500 B.C.E.?
The caste system of social organization was adopted and enforced rigorously in southeast Asian states.
Based on the passage and your knowledge of world history, which of the following can be best inferred about Constantinople and other urban areas during this period?
The city had Jewish diasporic merchant communities
What accounted for the pattern of nomadic warriors being fierce and effective invaders of sedentary populations?
The excellent equestrian skills and relative mobility allowed nomadic societies to attack as well as retreat quickly when needed. resisted assimilation to Chinese cultural traditions.
[X]The conditions of Constantinople as explained in the passage were made possible by which of the following factors?
The expansion of existing trade routes throughout Afro-Eurasia
Portugal's voyages along the African coast during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries resulted in which of the following?
The export of large numbers of slaves from Africa
The passage supports which of the following trends in the period 1450-1750?
The flow of silver led to commercialization and a global economy
All of the following are related to the growth of Protestantism in the 1500s EXCEPT
The formation of the Society of Jesus, or the Jesuits, by Protestant leaders leading to significant Protestant missionary activities in the Americas and east Asia.
The map of Tenochtitlan is an example of which trend in Post-Classical period?
The growth of new powerful trading cities
Which of the following can be determined by reading the passage?
The height of elephants determines their price.
Why did Spanish missionaries have more luck converting natives to Christianity than did either the British or the French?
The natives in French and English territories were nomads and thus more difficult to convert.
Which of the following is true of the roles played by the patriarchs in Constantinople?
The patriarchs retained control over the appointment of bishops and priests as a separation of their power from that of the state.
In recent decades, many world historians have challenged the view that the power of the Byzantine empire was broken by Arab invasions between 675 and 720 C.E. What supports this historical reinterpretation?
The reorganization of the Byzantine empire under the theme system of governance allowed the empire time to reorganize and launch counteroffensives between the ninth and twelfth centuries.
Refer to the chronological information provided to answer the following question: Which of the following BEST supports some historians' contention that ca. 900-1325 C.E. was a turning point in the growth of Islam in western Africa?
The rulers of the Ghana empire converted to Islam, as had many local merchants who sought to build better relationships with Muslim merchants from north Africa.
Which factor contributed to the significant increase in trans-Eurasian trade through central Asia ca. 1300 C.E.?
The rulers of the successor khanates formed four regional empires and, while they sometimes fought each other, they managed to protect merchant caravans from bandit attacks.
Which of the following statements is NOT true about Viking expansion out of Scandinavia beginning ca. 790 C.E.
The wholesale conversion of Scandinavians led to their campaigns to oust Arab Muslims from the Holy Land and to return Jerusalem to Christian control.
In which ways are Christianity, Buddhism, and Islam similar?
They are all missionary religions that spread throughout a significant part of the world.
Which of the following was not an action of the Manchus after conquering China?
They encouraged intermarriage between Chinese and Manchus.
Which conclusion about the Portuguese is best supported by the passage above?
They made great profits transporting goods between Asian countries
Why did the Mongols actively promote resettlement?
They needed skilled artisans, translators, and soldiers, and so encouraged migration of conquered peoples.
How were the religious practices of Bantu speakers similar to those of a later faith that would spread in Africa?
They spread a form of monotheism, as did Muslims
Which of the following changes best justifies the contention that the early years of the Tokugawa shogunate (1600-1867) marked a shift in the power of the daimyo and samurai in Japanese society?
They were encouraged to become bureaucrats, government functionaries, and even scholars.
Which of these was a significant change in long-distance trade networks in the era c. 1450-c. 1750?
Trade networks expanded to cover the globe for the first time
Which of the following was a continuity since the Classical era for empire engaged in the trade network reflected in the image?
Understanding of global trade winds and ocean current patterns
Which of the following represents a significant advance in European agriculture during the high middle ages, generally agreed to be the time period ca. 1001-1300 C.E.?
Use of horseshoes and improved horse collars to increase efficiency
Historians who maintain that the date 1071 C.E. is the best choice for the transition between two major periods in Byzantine history versus historians who maintain the date 1453 C.E. is a better choice for that transition are most likely to disagree on the relative importance they assign the following?
Whether Byzantine military practices were successful in protecting the empire from its enemies
Which of the following is NOT true of the mita labor system that Spanish colonists adopted from previous Inca labor practices?
Widespread use of enslaved Africans made use of the mita labor system redundant.
Which of these general statements BEST describes women in sub-Saharan Africa?
Women in sub-Saharan Africa had more opportunities open to them than their counterparts in other societies.
The following statement is true of the social organization among the Mongols prior to the establishment of the Mongol empire under Chinggis Khan ca. 1206 C.E EXCEPT which of these?
Women were completely subordinate to men and the custom of foot binding was widespread in Mongol culture.
The spread of the practice of foot binding, which probably originated during the Song dynasty but became very popular during the later Ming and Qing dynasties, typically led to which of the following changes in the experience of women who were subjected to the foot binding process?
Women who had their feet bound were usually upper class, as the process ended up making them unable to move around easily and thus their labor was not needed, adding status to the family.
Roman numeral III on the map is the location of which of these African societies?
Zimbabwe
One of the biggest for increased reasons for increased agricultural production in Europe was the a. the introduction of a heavier plow. b. the official support of the serfs by the popes. c. the introduction of new crops from the Byzantine world. d. the money invested in the countryside by the kings. e. the agricultural loans guaranteed by powerful Italian banks.
a
Matteo Ricci was
a Roman Cholic missionary in China
In the era c. 1450 - c. 1750, religious consequences of Martin Luther's teachings included:
a dividing of loyalties to different sects of Christianity in Western Europe
In Italy, the political structure was marked by
a series of city-states and principalities
The political structure of medieval Italy was marked by
a series of city-states and principalities
which of the following indicates a deficiency in Inca culture when compared to contemporaneous empires in the eastern hemisphere?
absence of any script or system of writing
All of the following were aspects of the Songhay empire the mirrored religious practices previously followed in the empires of Ghana and Mali except
acceptance of Islam damaged trade connections with north African merchants and rulers.
[X]Which of the following would be the most useful source for research about the profits of Swahili slave dealers interacting with potential African slave buyers in Persia, India, and southwest Asia, and the Mediterranean basin after the ninth century C.E.?
accounts and records kept by Swahili slave dealers
Which of the following would be the most useful source for research about the diffusion of Islam into southeast Asian lands ca. 1400 C.E.?
accounts of conversion of many of the people of Melaka to Islam
which of the following would be most useful source for research about patterns of conversion to Islam of urban versus rural residents of southeast Asia ca. 1300 C.E.?
accounts of the travels of Marco Polo
When the Mexica migrated to central Mexico, they
adopted cultural and religious traditions shared by the peoples of Mesoamerica.
the following are true about the growth in power and prestige of Funan between the first and sixth centuries EXCEPT that
adoption of Confucian beliefs about how government should be organized and the application of Chinese bureaucratic formulas allowed the Funanese kingdom to become a major regional power.
The Portuguese began to show much more interest in Brazil
after the establishment of profitable sugar plantations.
All of the following statements are true about the Chinese commercial diaspora in the southeast Asia during the Ming and Qing dynasties except
after the reconnaissance voyages of Admiral Zheng He, both the Ming and its successor, the Qing, maintained large navies that patrolled the sea lanes of southeast Asia, enhancing trade opportunities.
All of the following contributed to reforms in Russian governance and society during the reign of Tsar Peter I (1682-1725) EXCEPT
all non-Russian Orthodox religious minorities were expelled in an effort to copy actions of the Spanish Catholic Kings Fernando and Isabella when they expelled Jews and Muslims from Spain.
In the fifteenth century, the nation-states of western Europe were strengthened principally by which two developments?
an increase in the free peasantry and standing armies.
Which of the following commonly resulted from the bubonic plague?
an increase in workers' wages
The term mestizo refers to
an individual of indigenous and European parentage
The single greatest obstacle to the rise of a powerful Holy Roman Empire was
an ongoing conflict with the papacy.
[X]A historian researching roles played by west African blacksmiths within tribal or societal structures would most likely which of the following sources?
analysis of oral histories passed down by artisans regarding roles the men and women played in west African Bantu societies
Islam and Christianity usually spread into sub-Saharan Africa
as syncretic versions of the originals
Which food, first domesticated in southeast Asia, provided a nutrutious supplement to Bantu diets and allowed the Bantu to expand into forested regions?
bananas
A historian researching Tokugawa urban culture (1600-1867) would most likely use which of the following sources?
biographies of authors of Tokugawa prose fiction, the ukiyo or books of the "floating world"
All of the following are true of both the Song dynasty (960-1279) and the Ming dynasty (1368-1644) except
both dynasties were subject to continuing pressure from steppe peoples seeking to conquer Chinese lands, but managed to fight off attempts by these peoples to seize China.
[X]The lives of Chinggis Khan (ca. 1167-1227 C.E.) and Tamerlane (ca. 1336-1405) were similar in all of the following ways EXCEPT
both had disabilities, as Tamerlane walked with a limp and Chinggis Khan suffered from syphilis that ended his life prematurely
All of the following characterize the Harsha's empire and Chola kingdom except
both states rule the Indus and Ganges River valleys during different time periods
Sufi missionaries were similar to Roman Catholic missionaries in all of the following ways EXCEPT
both took a flexible approach to doctrine-allowing native religious practices to be subsumed into the new religion's practices.
A historian examining the middle period of the Byzantine empire could BEST utilize information on the timeline to examine which of the following?
challenges the Byzantines faced from Turkish invaders, Italian merchants, and western European adventurers
All of the following contributed to the growth of the European agricultural economy after ca. 1300 C.E. EXCEPT
changing climatic conditions provided longer growing seasons
Plantations created a high demand for
cheap labor
This painting probably represents a family in Latin America rather than one in British North America because Latin America families were more likely to
consist of a European man and a native woman
Mali became the wealthiest kingdom in sub-Saharan Africa because of its
control of the gold trade.
A historian researching the slow conversion of Siberian native peoples to Orthodox Christianity after the Russians colonized Siberia, beginning in the mid-sixteenth century, would be most likely to use which of the following resources?
copies of Russian laws related to obligations of indigenous peoples who converted to Christianity after Russians occupied their lands
A historian researching the surge in Indian Ocean commerce during the Umayyad and Abbasid periods would most likely use which of the following sources?
copies of cargo lists from merchants who were engaged in trade centered in Ceylon where Arabs and Persians transshipped goods to western Indian Ocean markets
Which of the following best explains the rapid growth in sub-Saharan population between ca. 1500 and ca. 1800?
cultivation of manioc root in western and central Africa that was used for flour, allowing for exploitation of poorer soils
A historian researching the reign of the Emperor Harsha (ruled 606-648 C.E.) would most likely use which of the following sources? a. Journals of Admiral Zheng He whose fleet was ordered by Song bureaucrats to collect tributary payments from India to be delivered to the Song Emperor b. The diary kept by the Venetian diplomat and merchant Marco Polo when he visited different parts of Eurasia and Africa c. Ibn Battuta's itinerary that describes the various cities he visited and people that he interacted with during his travels. d. Accounts from the Chinese monk Xuan Zang, a Chinese Buddhist pilgrim who lived in northern India during Emperor Harsha's ruler and wrote about distributing wealth to his subjects
d
All of the following were important consequences of Charlemagne's coronation by Pope Leo III on Christmas Day, 800 C.E, EXCEPT a)anxiety of the Abbasid empire because of the combined strength of political and religious administration enjoyed by Charlemagne. b)conflict with the emperor of Byzantium. c)recognition of his political status and support for his "empire" by the Roman Catholic Church in Rome. d)public recognition of his accomplishments of creating a somewhat unified state in the center of western Europe.
d
A historian interested in researching the first significant, long-term interactions between aboriginal Australian peoples and Europeans would most likely use which of the following sources?
descriptions of the 1788 arrival of a fleet carrying one thousand English colonists—eight hundred of whom were convicts—to establish the first permanent European settlement in Australia
One of the important factors in the expansion of trans-Saharan trade between 1000 and 1500 was the
design of a special saddle for camels
The most important factor in explaining the Spanish victory over the Aztecs and Incas was the
devastating loss of life caused by smallpox.
Which of the following was effective in the networks of exchange and communications of the Roman, Chinese Han, Achaemenid Persian, and Inca empires?
development of maintenance of road networks
The cultural and religious traditions of the Australian aborigines
did not diffuse much beyond their own regions.
A historian researching challenges that led the emperor Yongle to relocate the Ming capital from Nanjing in the south to Beijing in the north would most likely use which of the following sources?
diplomatic correspondence between the Ming court and leaders of the Mongols and other steppe peoples
[X]a historian examining the origins of the Turkish peoples of central Asia would most likely use which of the following sources
diplomatic correspondence between the Xiongnu state and Han empire ca. first and second centuries C.E.
A historian researching the resistance led by Queen Nzinga of Ndongo against Portuguese expansion would most likely use which of the following sources?
diplomatic correspondence between the governments of Ndongo and Portugal related to disputes between the two powers
The passage above refers to which as the source of political power in the Byzantine Empire?
divine connection
A historian researching the financing of Christopher Columbus's voyage of 1492 would most likely use which of the following sources?
documents Columbus exchanged with Italian bankers and the rulers of Spain
The arrival of the Europeans
dramatically increased previously existing slave networks
The conversion to Islam by east African merchants and princes did all of the following EXCEPT
eliminate their participation and belief in animistic religions
Historians often consider the African diaspora that occurred between ca. 1500 and ca. 1800 a turning point in the history of the world. All of the following are true of this time period except
enslaved Africans in the Americas retained few elements of African cultural and social mores.
One factor that contributed to the declines of both Great Zimbabwe and of the Mayans was
environmental damage
The most valid counterargument to the description of the Mongols by the Russian duke was that the Mongols
established political institutions in the territories they conquered
In Latin America, the conquistadores
eventually lost control to administrators of the Spanish crown.
According to the map, the rise of the Hanseatic League in the middle ages demonstrated the
evolution of northern European cities as strong participants in Eurasian networks of trade.
In 1600, Tokugawa Ieyasu
finished the process of unifying Japan
As part of the triangular slave trade, the Europeans usually picked up slaves in in Africa in return for
firearms
In regard to ruling philosophy and techniques, the Qing
followed the same pattern that the Ming had established
In recent decades, many world historians have challenged the view that Spanish conquistadors in Peru used overwhelming military power to topple the Inca empire. All of the following supports this historical reinterpretation EXCEPT
food sources available in the Inca empire were insufficient to meet the needs of both the indigenous peoples and the Spanish invaders.
In an effort to strengthen the Mongol fighting forces, Chinggis Khan
formed new military units with no tribal affiliations
What initially caused many Turks to convert to Islam?
gradual conversion as a result of long-term contact along the borders
In recent decades, many historians with an interest in Indian history have challenged the view that Hinduism continued to dominate religious interactions between different societal groups in the subcontinent and surrounding states in the period ca. 1250-1500 C.E. Which of the following evidence BEST supports this historical reinterpretation?
growth of Sufi and bhakti interactions that engaged Muslims and Hindus in new ways
European military development differed from military development in China, India, and Islamic lands ca. 1650 C.E. in all of the following ways EXCEPT
gunpowder technology did little to influence how European and Islamic armies fought each other in various venues during this period.
Until recent decades, many world historians held the view that women played no role in the European Enlightenment, but now this stance is being challenge. All of the following facets of the life of Frenchwomen Emilie du Chatelet support this historical reinterpretation EXCEPT.
her role as wife and mother
Mahmud of Ghazni's incursion into India in the eleventh century was inspired by
his desire for plunder
In general, between 600 and 1450, trade through Afro-Eurasia
increased as first the Arabs and then the Mongols actively encouraged trade.
The crusades
increased trade between the eastern and western Mediterranean
All of the following contributed to significant commercial growth in the empire of Ghana (ca. 830-ca. 1235 C.E.) beginning around 800 C.E. EXCEPT
interactions with European traders along the Atlantic Ocean coast interested in purchasing slaves.
The presence of the changing monsoon winds ensured that
irrigation was necessary in arid southern India. From 53 million in 600 CE, the population of India
All of the following would be the most useful sources for evidence of results from a series of naval reconnaissance missions that Admiral Zheng He conduced for the emperor Yongle (reigned 1403-1424) in the Indian Ocean basin except
journals of Chinese ambassadors to the Indian Ocean states and their interactions with admirals of the navies
The movement of the capital, the building of the Great Wall, and the conscious reviving of older Chinese cultural traditions were undertaken by the Ming in order to
keep the northern nomads from invading China.
All of the following reflect that European scholars rediscovered the works of Aristotle during the middle ages EXCEPT
key works of Aristotle were found in the Alexandrian Library and these originals were sent to Rome.
In recent decades, many world historians have challenged the view that the Habsburg monarchy under Emperor Charles V (reigned 1519-1556) made the Holy Roman Empire the preeminent political authority in Europe. All of the following support this historical reinterpretation EXCEPT
lack of sufficient income meant that the emperor consistently struggled to find the resources to pay for armies to defend his lands.
All of the following are true of the decline of the Swahili trading-sites beginning ca. 1500 except
large-scale Portuguese migration resulted in the Swahili being driven out of all of their cities and forced to migrate to the Persian Gulf.
After the arrival of the Europeans, East Asian societies
largely controlled their own affairs until the nineteenth century
a historian researching mongol attempts to increase communications and exchanges between diverse societies to promote Eurasian integration would be least likely to examine which of these sources?
letters from missionaries of various faiths detailing their work to convert citizens of the Mongol empires
Although plagued by periodic droughts, the Pueblo and Navajo peoples of the American southwest
lived in agricultural settlements
Since merchants involved in the Indian Ocean trade often were delayed in foreign ports for lengthy periods of time, they frequently
lost their connection to the culture of their homeland
The Reconquista could be considered one of the causes of the Renaissance because
many of the ancient philosophers were rediscovered in the Iberian libraries where they had been translated into Arabic and Hebrew.
[X]Islam arrived in India via several different vehicles. which of the following was most effective?
merchants who settled in port cities along the coastline, bringing economic opportunity and connection, in addition to Islamic beliefs and traditions, with the rest of the Indian Ocean trade network
Based on the map and your knowledge of world history, the location of Tenochtitlan allowed for
new agricultural innovations such as the chinampas field system
Causes of the decline and dissolution of the Carolingian empire included all fot he following EXCEPT
new and improved trade and diplomatic relationships with surrounding territories due to new nomadic contacts.
[X]Northern India differed from southern India during the postclassical age because
northern India was loosely controlled by a facade of Islamic political and military authority whereas southern India remained regionalized and predominately Hindu
All of the following are true of the advances in ship and sail technology adopted by Europeans around the start of the twelfth century, contributing to the success of voyages of reconnaissance, EXCEPT
oar and sail drive galleys were found to be very maneuverable and suitable for sailing on the world's major oceans.
The Chinese were hesitant to convert to Christianity because
of Christianity's exclusivity concerning other beliefs such as Daoism and Buddhism
Beginning in the 1630s and enduring for the next two centuries, Japanese foreign policy included all of the following except
open, vibrant trade with Europeans
According to Confucian tradition, the most honorable class was
peasants
Spanish colonists who were born in Europe were known as
peninsulares
Women in Aztec society
played almost no public role
all of the following were part of Peter the Great's policy of westernization EXCEPT
political liberalization and democratic reforms
The North American Indian societies
possessed no form of writing
The vast majority of slaves
provided agricultural labor on plantations
Justinian's accomplishments included all of the following EXCEPT
reconquest of the entire Mediterranean basin northward to the English Channel.
[X]a historian interested in researching changes in political leadership in southeast Asia following the fall of Funan during the sixth century "a historian interested in researching changes in political leadership in southeast Asia following the fall of Funan during the sixth century C.E. would be most likely tto use which of the following resources?
records detailing expenses of the Srivijayan navy that patrolled sea-lanes around the Malay Peninsula
As western European Christians became reacquainted with the roots of Greek philosophy, theologians such as Thomas Aquinas
rediscovered Aristotle and made his writings central to scholastic philosophy.
Ancient Egyptians and the Inca were similar in which of the following ways?
ritual mummification for the remains of rulers
The great earthen mounds like that at Cahokia were probably used for
rituals and burials.
A naval historian researching improvements in European navigational skills ca. 1500 C.E. would find all of the following sources relevant EXCEPT
scientific reports of the discovery of a method to accurately measure longitude.
All of the following were significant connections between serfdom in Russia ca. 1650 and the emergence of capitalism elsewhere in Europe EXCEPT
serfs were unable to produce agricultural surpluses to export to western Europe as the climate was too cold to produce most cereal crops.
Griots were
singers and storytellers
Law and society made traditional African slavery different from Asian and European bondage in all of the following ways except
slaves in Africa were treated as chattels and the status of being a slave could never be altered, and children born to slaves were always considered slaves as well.
Which of the following represents the most significant cause of the decline of the Taíno and related peoples of the Caribbean Sea basin after ca. 1518?
smallpox epidemics
The widespread use of the astrolabe and the compass are all examples of which of the following historical processes?
spread of technology along networks of communications and exchange
In an effort to stabilize China internally, the Ming emperors
stressed Chinese traditions from the era before the Mongol Yuan dynasty
An agricultural historian interested in researching agricultural techniques used by Mexica farms in the region around Tenochtitlan and Lake Texcoco prior to the Spanish invasion would be most likely to use which of the following sources?
summaries of fertilization practices used in chinampas farming
As with other regions, medieval western European population began to
surge as agricultural techniques improved and more land was turned into farmland.
All of the following would be of interest to a historian researching effects of capitalism on the nuclear family in Europe about 1750 C.E. EXCEPT
tax collection data showing that extended family units were better able to produce crops or to take to market goods that they fabricated in their homes or workshops than were nuclear families.
The explosion of witch-hunting in the sixteenth century was most probably caused by
tensions between Catholics and Protestants
All of the following were differences between the Spanish approach to colonization and that of the English and French EXCEPT
the English and French viewed the indigenous populations as their equals.
Of the following, which group was the Qianlong emperor most interested in reaching with this passage?
the English king and his advisors
In recent decades, many world historians have challenged the view that the Habsburg monarchy under Emperor Charles V (reigned 1519-1556) was able to defeat all foreign challenges to its imperial aspirations. All of the following evidence supports this historical reinterpretation EXCEPT
the French were concerned that a strong Holy Roman Empire would threaten their sovereignty as Habsburg holdings in Germany, Italy, and Spain surrounded them, so they supported German Lutheran rebellions, even though France remained overwhelmingly Roman Catholic
Chinampas are most comparable to which of the following?
the Inca waru waru system
The information below applies to the question that follows. -Round-trip trade was established between Acapulco and Manila. -Mariners stopped in the Mariana Islands for provisions. -Silver was an important trade good. The listed events most likely describe
the Manila galleon trade.
All of the following were major causes of the Protestant Reformation in Europe EXCEPT
the Roman Catholic Reformation and the Council of Trent
In efforts to establish global networks of exchange, transportation, and communications, all of the following were European motivations for reconnaissance and exploration between ca. 1400 and 1800 C.E. EXCEPT
the ambition to resettle minority groups like Muslims and Jews outside of Christian lands.
Which of the following is a description of what were called the Three Estates, or divisions of society, in medieval Europe?
the clergy, the nobility, and the rest of the population
Islam was most popular in sub-Saharan Africa in
the commercial centers of west Africa and the Swahili city-states
All of the following were policies pursued by Louis XIV EXCEPT
the creation of the palace at Versailles
A historian examining the 25 year period between 1620 and 1645 could best utilize the sources listed in the timeline to analyze which of the following?
the decline and fall of the later Ming and rise of the Qing dynasties
Which event occurred in the previous century and led most directly to the event shown above?
the defeat of the Muslim forces at Tours
All of the following contributed to the Ming bureaucracy's decision to authorize a series of naval expeditions between 1405 and 1433 C.E. EXCEPT
the desire of the Ming government to create new markets for Chinese manufactured goods in Europe and the Americas.
India was a natural location for the establishment of emporia because of
the disintegration of strong Islamic kingdoms in the west and the Tang dynasty in the east
The most important consequence of the Peace of Westphalia was
the establishment of a system of sovereign and equal European states.
Which of the following best accounts for the system of labor mentioned in the third paragraph?
the mit'a
Which historical development directly supports Al- Bernui's interpretation of earlier Indian culture?
the raids by Mahmud of Ghazni
Ibn Battuta was offended by citizens he visited in some regions. All of the following behaviors were in conflict with his interpretation of Muslim beliefs EXCEPT
the regularity and pious nature of their prayer practices.
Which of the following changes BEST justifies the claim that ca. 1625 marked the strengthening of French absolutism and belief in the divine right of kings?
the rise to power of Cardinal Richelieu as chief minister to the king.
Luther's initial stimulus for formulating the Ninety-Five Theses was
the sales of indulgences
All of the following are true of the experiences of daimyo and their families under the rule of the Tokugawa except
the shogun encouraged daimyo to continue to build commercial relationships with European merchants, including the import of personal firearms, cannon, and gunpowder.
Historians who are split on what period best defines a transition between two periods of interregional trade—ca. 1486-1488 C.E. or ca. 1497-1498 C.E.—would most likely disagree about
the significance of the first Portuguese voyage to reach India.
The map that the migration of Bantu speakers extended from the "Bantu cradle" to
the southern tip of Africa
Which of the following factors represents the most significant cause of the collapse of the Aztec empire following the Spanish invasion in 1519?
the spread of epidemic disease
The following statements are true of gunpowder technology ca. 1200-1275 C.E. EXCEPT
the spread of gunpowder technology was closely supervised and limited to allies of the Mongol khans, as Mongol warlords did not want the technology used against their armies.
In a larger sense, the Investiture Controversy represented
the struggle between church and state for political control.
All of the following are causal factors for European exploration EXCEPT
the study of other lands and people.
All of the following were causes of the Seven Years' War EXCEPT
the ultimate desire of the English to create a global empire.
Al-Beruni perceives a significant difference between Hindus and Muslims in
their feelings of equality with other people.
In recent decades, many world historians have challenged the view that the transatlantic slave trade ca. 1500-1800 had no precedence in prior interactions between Muslims and sub-Saharan Africans. All of the following support the concept of this earlier slave trade relationship except
there is little evidence that Muslim Arabs and other Muslim peoples in the Indian Ocean basin were widely involved in slave trading.
The Fulani were an important religious movement in all of the following ways except
they fought against Christian kingdoms in west Africa such as Kongo and helped end their slave trade.
One of the most important long-term effects of the crusades for Europe was
they helped increase trade between the eastern and western Mediterranean and helped western Europe reintegrate into the Eurasian economy.
As Islam and Christianity spread into sub-Saharan Africa,
they mixed with some of the original religious traditions
All of the following are true regarding the importance of the Chinese bureaucratic examination process in the Ming and Qing empires except
those who passed the lower examinations but failed the metropolitan examination were still assured employment and a rise in social status.
all of the following are true of Mongol integration with Persian cultural and religious beliefs during the ilkhanate Mongol state (1257-1335 C.E.) EXCEPT
throughout the years that the Mongol Ilkhanate ruled Persia and some surrounding areas in south Asia, religious pluralism and a growing economy attracted numerous migrants form the Mediterranean basin and from India, which made the society even more diverse and tolerant
How would the Mongols use the Russian duke's description to their advantage if they chose to invade Hungary?
to frighten the Hungarians into surrendering
The map above helps explain why South Asian merchants preferred to travel
to the Middle East in summer months
All of the following characterized expansion of Russian trade by the mid-eighteenth century EXCEPT
trade with western Europe was allowed to decline as the Russians focused their economic expansion to the east into central Asia and Siberia.
Each of the following claims about the evolution of merchants' social status in Tokugawa Japan is true except
under the accepted Confucian social order, merchants were seen as higher in status that samurai, as their activities created wealth
The Kongo king's conversion to Christianity followed a familiar pattern in Africa in which
upper classes force lower class conversions as part of treaty deals to delay invasion.
A bronze plaque of a chief and his attendants from the kingdom of Benin in the modern country of Nigeria BEST exemplifies which of the following historical processes?
use of art to project government power
Nomads such as the Turkish people survived on the steppes in all of the following ways EXCEPT for
use of oasis for small-scale agriculture
One important reason that Bantu speakers were successful in spreading their culture was that they
used iron, which gave advantages over other cultures
[X]Great Zimbabwe represents an achievement because it was built
without mortar
All of the following are true of the status of sub-Saharan African women when converting to Islam ca. 600 to ca. 1450 C.E. EXCEPT
women almost universally adopted the practice of wearing the veil, having a chaperone if going out in public, and not having contact with men outside of their family after conversion.
All of the following are true of the status of Mexica women ca. 1500 C.E. EXCEPT
women often worked in the marketplaces of cities around Lake Texcoco and in Tenochtitlan.
Manufacturing in European towns and cities during the early middle ages was concentrated especially on the production of
wool textiles.
In recent decades, many world historians have challenged the view that silver produced in the Americas at mines like the one at Potosí (Bolivia) played a minor role in the expansion of world trade that occurred after ca. 1600. All of the following support this challenge EXCEPT
world networks of communication and exchange contracted as excessive production of silver depressed value of goods and services worldwide.
The Olmec, Maya, Toltec, and Mexica or Aztec civilizations share all of the following EXCEPT
worship of Huitzilopochtli, as the god of war, and Chac, as the god of rain.
A historian researching the "native learning" movement in Tokugawa Japan would most likely use which of the following sources?
writings by Japanese scholars which emphasized traditional Shinto religious beliefs endemic to Japan and condemning foreign, imported religions and philosophies