High School Biology Unit 5 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Review Part 2

The diagram below shows the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration and the organelles in which they occur. Which statement describes how photosynthesis and cellular respiration are interrelated? A. Oxygen is produced during cellular respiration and stored during photosynthesis. B. Carbon dioxide and water released by cellular respiration and are used in photosynthesis. C. Photosynthesis releases the energy that is stored during the process of cellular respiration. D. Glucose is used during cellular respiration to produce food that is broken down during photosynthesis.

B. Carbon dioxide and water released by cellular respiration are used in photosynthesis.

A diagram representing the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration is shown below. The numbered boxes in the diagram represent which of the following? A. 1 - water; 2 - nitrogen B. 1 - nitrogen; 2 - oxygen C. 1 - oxygen; 2 - carbon dioxide D. 1 - carbon dioxide; 2 - water

C. 1 - oxygen; 2 - carbon dioxide

Which word equation best represents the process of cellular respiration? A. carbon dioxide + glucose → oxygen + water B. carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen C. glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water D. oxygen + water → carbon dioxide + glucose

C. glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water

Which of these would lead to a lower rate of photosynthesis in a plant? a. an increase in the amount of oxygen in the air b. a decrease in the amount of oxygen in the air c. an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the air d. a decrease in the amount of carbon dioxide in the air

d. a decrease in the amount of carbon dioxide in the air

A weightlifter is using heavy weights in short bursts for a competition. Because his muscle cells are not able to take in enough oxygen to make very much ATP the weightlifter begins to get fatigue in his muscles. Which of the following processes is most likely going on in the muscles of the weightlifter as he competes in his event? A. As the cells run out of oxygen they switch to anaerobic respiration (fermentation), which allows the cell to make small amounts of ATP in the absence of oxygen. B. As the cells run out of oxygen, they die off gradually and the weightlifter's muscles have fewer contracting muscle cells. C. The cells will never run out of oxygen if the weightlifter is breathing. D. As the cells run out of oxygen, they will continue to make the same amount of ATP, since oxygen is not required to make ATP.

A. As the cells run out of oxygen they switch to anaerobic respiration (fermentation), which allows the cell to make small amounts of ATP in the absence of oxygen.

What will most likely be the result if all of the mitochondria are removed from a plant cell? A. It will be unable to carry out respiration. B. It will lose water through osmosis. C. It will break down the ribosomes in the cell. D. It will be unable to photosynthesize.

A. It will be unable to carry out respiration.

Which statement best compares aerobic and anaerobic respiration? A. Less ATP is generated during anaerobic respiration than during aerobic respiration. B. More water is generated during anaerobic respiration than during aerobic respiration. C. More oxygen is generated during anaerobic respiration than during aerobic respiration. D. Less lactic acid is generated during anaerobic respiration than during aerobic respiration.

A. Less ATP is generated during anaerobic respiration than during aerobic respiration.

How are cellular respiration and photosynthesis related, in terms of energy? A. The energy captured in photosynthesis is used to power cellular respiration. B. The energy transformed in cellular respiration is used to power photosynthesis. C. Photosynthesis and respiration perform the same task in terms of energy transformation. D. Energy is not involved in either photosynthesis or cellular respiration.

A. The energy captured in photosynthesis is used to power cellular respiration.

Which statement describes how autotrophs depend on heterotrophs for survival? A. Heterotrophs provide oxygen for respiration. B. Heterotrophs supply carbon dioxide for photosynthesis. C. Heterotrophs make lactic acid for photosynthesis. D. Heterotrophs produce carbon dioxide for respiration.

B. Heterotrophs supply carbon dioxide for photosynthesis.

Two different species of bacteria are examined. Scientists find that species X always produces CO2 and H2O during cellular respiration. Species Y always produces ethyl alcohol and CO2. Which conclusion can be made from these observations? A. Only species Y is aerobic. B. Only species Y is anaerobic. C. Both species X and Y are aerobic. D. Both species X and Y are anaerobic.

B. Only species Y is anaerobic.

What function does ATP carry out in living things? A. aids in protein folding and coiling B. used to capture and transfer energy C. identifies DNA start sequences for transcription D. helps maintain the fluidity of cell membranes

B. used to capture and transfer energy

In which way are photosynthesis and cellular respiration different? A. Cellular respiration stores ATP, while photosynthesis releases ATP. B. Cellular respiration produces oxygen, while photosynthesis uses oxygen. C. Photosynthesis releases energy, while cellular respiration stores energy. D. Photosynthesis used carbon dioxide, while cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide.

D. Photosynthesis used carbon dioxide, while cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide.

Which statement describes how consumers depend on producers for survival? A. Producers produce carbon dioxide for respiration. B. Producers provide sunlight for respiration. C. Producers make lactic acid for respiration. D. Producers supply oxygen for respiration.

D. Producers supply oxygen for respiration.

Which gas is removed from the atmosphere during photosynthesis? A. hydrogen B. oxygen C. nitrogen D. carbon dioxide

D. carbon dioxide

How does the body of a runner keep up with the demand for energy when cellular oxygen levels are low? A. through energy production in the mitochondria B. through aerobic respiration in the plasma membrane C. through ATP produced directly from sunlight D. through anaerobic respiration in the cytoplasm

D. through anaerobic respiration in the cytoplasm

The diagram below shows an example of interdependence among aquatic organisms. During the day, the organisms either use or give off substance A or B, as shown by the arrows. Which substances are represented by A and B? a. A - oxygen, B - carbon dioxide b. A - oxygen, B - carbohydrates c. A - nitrogen, B - carbon dioxide d. A - carbon dioxide, B - oxygen

a. A - oxygen, B - carbon dioxide

Which of the following statements describes the role of ATP in animal cells? a. ATP stores and releases energy. b. ATP forms the channels in the plasma membrane. c. ATP serves as the hereditary material in the nucleus. d. ATP attaches to and digests unneeded organic molecules.

a. ATP stores and releases energy.

Which statement accurately describes an interaction between plants and animals? a. Animals release CO2, required for photosynthesis. b. Animals release O2, required for plant survival. c. Plants provide humans with atmospheric nitrogen. d. Plants provide humans with CO2 for respiration.

a. Animals release CO2, required for photosynthesis.

What will most likely be the result if all of the mitochondria are removed from a plant cell? a. It will be unable to carry out respiration. b. It will lose water through osmosis. c. It will break down ribosomes in the cell d. It will be unable to photosynthesize.

a. It will be unable to carry out respiration.

Two test tubes were filled with a solution of bromothymol blue. A student exhaled through a straw into each tube, and the bromothymol blue turned yellow. An aquatic green plant was placed into each tube, and the tubes were corked. One tube was placed in the dark, and one was placed in direct sunlight. The yellow solution in the tube in sunlight turned blue, while the one in the dark remained yellow. Which statement best explains why the solution in the tube placed in sunlight returned to a blue color? a. Oxygen was produced by photosynthesis. b. Carbon dioxide was removed by photosynthesis. c. Carbon dioxide was produced by respiration. d. Oxygen was removed by respiration.

a. Oxygen was produced by photosynthesis.

How are the reactions for photosynthesis and cellular respiration related? a. The glucose and oxygen produced in photosynthesis are used as reactants in aerobic cellular respiration. b. The glucose and oxygen produced in photosynthesis are used as reactants in anaerobic cellular respiration. c. The carbon dioxide and water produced in photosynthesis are used as reactants in aerobic cellular respiration. d. The carbon dioxide and water produced in photosynthesis are used as reactants in anaerobic cellular respiration.

a. The glucose and oxygen produced in photosynthesis are used as reactants in aerobic cellular respiration.

Explain the how the process of photosynthesis and cellular respiration cycle matter a. The outputs of photosynthesis are the inputs for cellular respiration b. The inputs of photosynthesis are the inputs of cellular respiration c. The inputs of cellular respiration are the inputs of photosynthesis d. The outputs of cellular respiration are the outputs of photosynthesis

a. The outputs of photosynthesis are the inputs for cellular respiration

Which of the following accurately describes the relationship between cellular respiration and photosynthesis? a. The products of each process provide the reactants needed for the other. b. The products of both reactions are the same. c. The reactants for one process are the same as the reactants for the other. d. There is no relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

a. The products of each process provide the reactants needed for the other.

During the winter time, the total number of hours of sunlight decreases. What effect would this have on the process of photosynthesis? a. The rate of photosynthesis would decrease and less glucose would be produced. b. The rate of photosynthesis would increase and more glucose would be produced. c. The amount of available sunlight does not influence the rate of photosynthesis. d. It would have no effect on plants having needles instead of leaves, that stay green all year long

a. The rate of photosynthesis would decrease and less glucose would be produced.

How would a drop in temperature most likely affect the processes of cellular respiration and photosynthesis? a. The rates of both cellular respiration and photosynthesis would decrease. b. The rates of both cellular respiration and photosynthesis would remain constant. c. The rate of photosynthesis would increase, and the rate of cellular respiration would decrease. d. The rate of photosynthesis would decrease, and the rate of cellular respiration would increase.

a. The rates of both cellular respiration and photosynthesis would decrease.

How is photosynthesis related to cellular respiration? a. What is produced by one is needed for the other b. They both produce the same products c. They both have the same reactants d. These two processes have nothing in common

a. What is produced by one is needed for the other

The diagram illustrates the steps of glycolysis, which is the first stage of cellular respiration. Refer to the diagram to answer question. In the human body, muscle cells generally complete aerobic respiration in the presence of oxygen. Are muscle cells able to function without oxygen? a. Yes, for a brief time, they can perform fermentation without oxygen. b. Yes, for a brief time, they can complete aerobic respiration without oxygen. c. No, muscle cells are unable to gain energy from glucose when oxygen is absent. d. No, muscle cells are unable to receive glucose when oxygen is absent.

a. Yes, for a brief time, they can perform fermentation without oxygen.

A student observes that a type of eubacteria contains chlorophyll. Which of these does this type of bacteria have in common with plants? a. it is photosynthetic b. it contains vascular tissues c. it contains mitochondria d. it is heterotrophic

a. it is photosynthetic

Milo is analyzing the steps of cellular respiration. His goal is to quantify the amount of useful chemical energy that cellular respiration can generate from one molecule of glucose. Which of these chemical changes that occur during cellular respiration would be most useful for Milo to track and identify? a. the conversion of ADP to ATP b. the conversion of glucose to pyruvic acid c. the addition of hydrogen to oxygen, forming water d. the removal of carbon dioxide from the Krebs cycle

a. the conversion of ADP to ATP

How does the amount of energy resulting from fermentation compare with that of aerobic respiration? a. Aerobic respiration results in less energy. b. Aerobic respiration results in more energy. c. Each process results in equal amounts of energy. d. Each process results in variable amounts of energy.

b. Aerobic respiration results in more energy.

A student noticed that the freshwater plant, Elodea, produced bubbles when placed in direct light. What could the student most likely conclude? a. Bubbles of carbon dioxide were produced as a result of photosynthesis. b. Bubbles of oxygen were produced as a result of photosynthesis. c. Bubbles of carbon dioxide were produced as a result of cellular respiration. d. Bubbles of oxygen were produced as a result of cellular respiration.

b. Bubbles of oxygen were produced as a result of photosynthesis.

Terrestrial plants have stomata on the surface of their leaves. A single stoma is surrounded by two guard cells that change shape in response to environmental factors and open or close the stoma. Which of the following best explains how the structure of the leaf is used in processes that occur in the plant? a. Water enters the plant through the surface of the leaf for transpiration. b. Gases for photosynthesis are exchanged through the surface of the leaf c. Energy for cellular reproduction is absorbed through the surface of the leaf. d. Carbon dioxide enters the plant through the surface of the leaf for cellular respiration.

b. Gases for photosynthesis are exchanged through the surface of the leaf

During the course of many cell processes, a molecule of ATP may break apart to form a molecule of ADP and a phosphate group. How is this action of ATP useful to the cell? a. It stores chemical energy for the cell to use at a later time. b. It releases chemical energy for the cell to use immediately. c. It absorbs heat, which prevents the cell from overheating. d. It removes a metabolic poison from the cell.

b. It releases chemical energy for the cell to use immediately.

Cellular respiration is a process that releases energy by breaking down molecules of glucose. What is the original source of this energy? a. Heat energy from the atmosphere that is stored in plant tissues and converted to glucose. b. Light energy that was converted to chemical energy during photosynthesis. c. Chemical energy from minerals in the soil that is transferred to glucose molecules. d. Chemical energy from the bonds of water molecules.

b. Light energy that was converted to chemical energy during photosynthesis.

Cellular respiration is a process in which sugar molecules are broken down and the energy in the chemical bonds is released. In what way does cellular respiration depend on photosynthesis? a. Photosynthesis produces the organelles in which cellular respiration occurs. b. Photosynthesis is the source of the compounds that cellular respiration breaks down. c. Photosynthesis generates light energy that is used in cellular respiration. d. Photosynthesis captures the energy released by cellular respiration, allowing it to be used by the cell.

b. Photosynthesis is the source of the compounds that cellular respiration breaks down.

Bree states that the following word equation is a model of a cellular process. Refer to the equation to answer question. glucose + oxygen ⇒ carbon dioxide + water Bree wants to rewrite the equation with a modification to model the relationship between cellular respiration and photosynthesis. Which of these modifications would be most useful? a. Rewrite the equation with proteins replacing glucose. b. Rewrite the equation with the arrow pointing in the opposite direction. c. Rewrite the equation with exchanged positions of oxygen and water. d. Rewrite the equation with exchanged positions of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

b. Rewrite the equation with the arrow pointing in the opposite direction.

Bree states that the following word equation is a model of a cellular process. Refer to the equation to answer question. glucose + oxygen ⇒ carbon dioxide + water Which process, if any, could the equation be modeling accurately? a. either cellular respiration or photosynthesis b. cellular respiration, but not photosynthesis c. photosynthesis, but not cellular respiration d. neither cellular respiration nor photosynthesis

b. cellular respiration, but not photosynthesis

Why do the leaves of the trees change colors in the fall? a. In the fall chlorophyll begins to absorb and reflect light of different colors. b. The tree begins to die and the color of the leaves fades to from green to brown. c. As the plant stops the process of photosynthesis, chlorophyll breaks down, which makes other pigments visible. d. As the plant prepares for winter it produces more pigments such as xanthophyll which become the dominant color of the leaves.

c. As the plant stops the process of photosynthesis, chlorophyll breaks down, which makes other pigments visible.

Earth's atmosphere is about 21 percent oxygen. This percentage has remained about the same throughout human history and even earlier. How have cellular respiration and photosynthesis helped maintain relatively constant oxygen levels? a. Cellular respiration helps maintain oxygen levels, while photosynthesis has no effect. b. Photosynthesis helps maintain oxygen levels, while cellular respiration has no effect. c. Cellular respiration removes oxygen from the atmosphere, while photosynthesis adds oxygen to the atmosphere. d. Cellular respiration adds oxygen to the atmosphere, while photosynthesis removes oxygen from the atmosphere.

c. Cellular respiration removes oxygen from the atmosphere, while photosynthesis adds oxygen to the atmosphere.

What role does the green pigment play for photosynthesis to occur? a. It gives off glucose and oxygen. b. It turns CO2 and H2O into sugar. c. It attracts the sunlight.

c. It attracts the sunlight.

You are planning an experiment to study cellular respiration. Your lab equipment includes a controlled rodent cage, a rodent exercise wheel, and a live mouse. The cage can be set to measure breathing rate, gas concentration levels, and the mass of any equipment within the cage. Which action will best indicate the effect of exercise on the rate of cellular respiration? a. Measure the amount of water consumed by the mouse before exercise. b. Measure the amount of carbon dioxide in the cage before and after exercise. c. Measure the amount of food consumed by the mouse before and after exercise. d. Measure the amount of ATP in the cage before and after exercise.

c. Measure the amount of food consumed by the mouse before and after exercise.

The picture shows a student's experiment with Elodea, a common aquatic plant. Which change in this experiment is most likely to increase the volume of oxygen gas that accumulates in the top of the tube? a. Use fewer plants b. Replace the beaker with a larger container c. Move the light source closer to the beaker d. Reduce the amount of water

c. Move the light source closer to the beaker

After studying cellular respiration in animal cells, Ryan concluded that muscle cells have high concentrations of mitochondria. Which scientific explanation best supports Ryan's conclusion? a. Muscle cells must divide rapidly. b. Muscle cells need a lot of carbon dioxide. c. Muscle cells require a great deal of energy. d. Muscle cells produce large amounts of carbohydrates.

c. Muscle cells require a great deal of energy.

Mike has four aquatic plants of the same size and the same species. He submerges the plants in a separate beaker filled with 200 ml of water. She then sets each beaker under a different intensity of light. Mike observes that, of the four plants, the plant in the beaker under the most intense light gives off the most gas bubbles in a 20 minute period. Which of the following statements best explains Mike's observations? a. Cells decompose most quickly under the most intense light. b. Water evaporates from plants faster under the most intense light. c. Photosynthesis occurs at the highest rate under the most intense light. d. Gases in the leaves of plants expand most under the most intense light

c. Photosynthesis occurs at the highest rate under the most intense light.

Which statement accurately describes how plants use and release substances during photosynthesis and cellular respiration? a. The plant needs light energy for cellular respiration. b. Oxygen is released as a byproduct of cellular respiration. c. The plant uses carbon dioxide to make sugars for cellular respiration. d. Inside the plant, carbon dioxide is changed into oxygen during cellular respiration.

c. The plant uses carbon dioxide to make sugars for cellular respiration.

A potted plant is placed inside a clear, sealed vacuum container that has water pumped into it on a regular basis. The container is placed in the sun and the plant's growth is monitored. Which statement best describes what will most likely happen to the plant over time? a. The plant will grow faster because it is sheltered from the wind. b. The plant will die because it does not have oxygen for photosynthesis. c. The plant will die because it does not have carbon dioxide for photosynthesis d. The plant will grow at a slower rate because it requires more water.

c. The plant will die because it does not have carbon dioxide for photosynthesis

Scientists and other citizens are concerned that carbon dioxide levels are increasing in Earth's atmosphere. Plants perform both photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Could increasing Earth's population of plants affect carbon dioxide levels? a. No, photosynthesis and cellular respiration do not involve carbon dioxide. b. No, in plants, photosynthesis adds as much carbon dioxide to the atmosphere as cellular respiration removes. c. Yes, it would decrease the levels. Photosynthesis acts to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and store the carbon in plant tissues. d. Yes, it would increase the levels. Photosynthesis releases more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere than cellular respiration removes.

c. Yes, it would decrease the levels. Photosynthesis acts to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and store the carbon in plant tissues.

Which is responsible for muscle pain felt after repeatedly lifting weights? a. a buildup of ethanol due to aerobic respiration b. a buildup of ethanol due to anaerobic respiration c. a buildup of lactic acid due to aerobic respiration d. a buildup of lactic acid due to anaerobic respiration

c. a buildup of lactic acid due to aerobic respiration

Why are there less air bubbles as the plant is place further away from the light source a. because cellular respiration decreases when there is less light b. because the light independent reaction decreases when there is less light c. because photosynthesis decreases as a plant is moved further away from a light source d. the wavelength increases as a plant is placed further away from a light source

c. because photosynthesis decreases as a plant is moved further away from a light source

Photosynthesis involves chemical changes to three elements: carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. Which of the following describes the chemical change to carbon? a. from its element form to a chemical compound b. from one gas compound to a different gas compound c. from a gas compound to a solid compound d. from a solid compound to a liquid compound

c. from a gas compound to a solid compound

When muscles work at their maximum ability, blood flow is often unable to provide enough oxygen to continue to produce ATP. Which process allows muscles to continue ATP production in this situation? a. beta oxidation b. aerobic respiration c. lactic acid fermentation d. alcoholic fermentation

c. lactic acid fermentation

The processes of photosynthesis and respiration can be thought as a cycle because - a. one is used only by plants and the other is used only by animals b. both give off oxygen to be used by animals c. the products of one are used as the raw materials of the other d. they both have the same purpose

c. the products of one are used as the raw materials of the other

A potted Plant is placed inside a clear, sealed vacuum container that has water pumped into it on a regular basis. The container is placed in the Sun and the Plant's growth is monitored. Which statement best describes what will most likely happen to the Plant over time? a. The Plant will grow faster because it is sheltered from the wind. b. The Plant will grow at a slower rate because it requires more water. c. The Plant will die because it does not have Oxygen for Photosynthesis. d. The Plant will die because it does not have Carbon Dioxide for Photosynthesis.

d. The Plant will die because it does not have Carbon Dioxide for Photosynthesis.

What is the best prediction of the relationship between light distance and the rate of photosynthesis? a. There is no relationship between light distance and the rate of photosynthesis. b. Distance between the light and the algae does not affect the rate of photosynthesis c. The more distance between the light and the algae the greater the rate of photosynthesis. d. The less distance between the light and the algae the greater the rate of photosynthesis.

d. The less distance between the light and the algae the greater the rate of photosynthesis.

The enzyme ATP synthase is a protein that contains a small channel. How is the movement of hydrogen ions through the channel useful in the function of the enzyme? a. Some of the hydrogen ions combine with ATP to form the enzyme. b. Some of the hydrogen ions combine with ATP to form new proteins. c. The movement of hydrogen ions provides the energy for the reaction that breaks apart ATP. d. The movement of hydrogen ions provides the energy for the reaction that forms ATP.

d. The movement of hydrogen ions provides the energy for the reaction that forms ATP.

Which of the following is true about the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration? a. The products of photosynthesis inhibit cellular respiration. b. The products of photosynthesis are also the products of cellular respiration. c. The reactants of photosynthesis are also the reactants of cellular respiration. d. The products of photosynthesis are also the reactants of cellular respiration.

d. The products of photosynthesis are also the reactants of cellular respiration.

Both ATP and NADPH are involved in photosynthesis. Which of the following best describes their role? a. They are products of photosynthesis that the cell uses for energy. b. They are reactants of photosynthesis that the cell takes up from the environment. c. They provide the energy that excites the electrons released by water molecules. d. They are intermediates that carry energy from the light-dependent reactions to the light-independent reactions.

d. They are intermediates that carry energy from the light-dependent reactions to the light-independent reactions.

Nathan is modeling the chemical reactions that occur during photosynthesis. One of these reactions is the removal of hydrogen atoms from water molecules (H2O). What is the ultimate fate of the oxygen atoms (O) that are produced? a. They combine with carbon atoms to form carbon dioxide (CO2). b. They recombine with hydrogen atoms to form new water molecules (H2O). c. They accumulate in the thylakoid membrane and stroma. d. They are released as part of molecular oxygen (O2).

d. They are released as part of molecular oxygen (O2).

Why do leaves of most plants appear green when seen by humans with normal vision? a. green represents the combination of all the colors in leaf tissues b. the leaves absorb all colors of light c. the leaves absorb only green light d. the leaves reflect green light

d. the leaves reflect green light

How does the body of a runner keep up with the demand for energy when cellular oxygen levels are low? a. through energy production in the mitochondria b. through aerobic respiration in the plasma membrane c. through ATP produced directly from sunlight d. through anaerobic respiration in the cytoplasm

d. through anaerobic respiration in the cytoplasm