HIS 101 - US History 1 All Quizez

In response to the Boston Tea Party, the British passed a series of laws which, among other things, closed the port of Boston and strengthened the power of the governor of Massachusetts. In the colonies, these acts were known as the ________ Acts.

Intolerable

In the 1830s and 1840s, most of the thousands of poor and wretched immigrants who flooded into America came from

Ireland and Germany.

The disputed electoral votes in the election of 1876 were decided by the

electoral commission created by Congress.

According to the map, "The Compromise of 1877," in the final count, Tilden received no electoral votes from states in the

Far West.

Under the Treaty of Paris (1763) ending the French and Indian War,

France lost all her possessions on the mainland of North America.

The most influential black abolitionist was

Frederick Douglass.

Part of the "democratizing" of politics during the age of Jackson was the

elimination of property qualifications for voting and holding office.

As the gap between owners and workers increased in the 1840s, American workers

failed to become a self-conscious working class.

According to your text, white women in the colonial Chesapeake region

found it easy to remarry if they were widowed.

In his autobiography and speeches, Frederick Douglass insisted that

full social, political, and economic equality for blacks was required.

Alexander Hamilton's Report on Public Credit presented a plan deliberately intended to

give a special advantage to the rich and thus win their support.

James K. Polk might best be described as a

good Jacksonian.

The racial beliefs of most white Americans in the last decades of the eighteenth century were characterized by their

greater respect for white property rights than for black American's right to personal liberty.

According to your text, the answer to the question, "What is an American?" is that Americans

have an identity deeply rooted in their history, but still incomplete and evolving.

President Madison reapplied the non-intercourse policy to Great Britain because

he mistakenly believed that France was no longer seizing American ships.

Initially, the Powhatan Native Americans reacted to the Virginia colonists by

helping them survive.

The American population more than doubled between 1790 and 1820 primarily because of the

high birth rate.

Columbus and other early explorers searched for a direct all-water route to Asia because they

hoped to gain easier access to highly valued Asian goods.

One source of problems between the Europeans and the Native Americans was the common European misunderstanding of the Native Americans'

idea of communal land tenure.

Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal was noted for

improving and codifying navigational knowledge in order to find a route to Asia.

During the 1820s, Americans' per capita consumption of alcoholic beverages

increased to the highest point ever in American experience.

William Henry Harrison's sordid and aggressive behavior toward the Native Americans was a major cause of Tecumseh's effort to unite tribes against white expansion.

True

Wives of business leaders were often very responsive to the message of the Second Great Awakening.

True

The ________ was an early nineteenth century development that constituted the combined solution to the problems of locating sufficient capital, transporting raw materials to factories and products to consumers, and supervising large numbers of workers.

"market revolution"

On the eve of the Civil War, about ________ of white southern families owned at least one slave.

25%

Spain could no longer block English entry into the New World because of the

English destruction of the invading Spanish Armada.

According to your text, the Republican who caused Jefferson the most trouble by conspiring with General James Wilkerson and flirting with treason was

Aaron Burr.

The author of the Report on Manufactures, which was a bold call for national economic planning, was

Alexander Hamilton.

One of the major reasons for American entry in the War of 1812 was the

American belief that the British were inspiring Native American resistance to American expansion.

During the Mexican War, what happened in the Southwest?

American settlers seized Sonoma and established the Republic of California.

During John Quincy Adams' presidency, the politician who prepared for the next election by relying on his military reputation and portraying himself as losing the presidency in 1824 due to the "corrupt bargain" was

Andrew Jackson.

"I have. . .gradually. . .and by almost imperceptible steps, sought to restore the rightful energy of the General Government and of the States. To that end, provisional governors have been appointed for the States, conventions called, governors elected, legislatures assembled, and senators and representatives chosen to the Congress of the United States." The author of the above was

Andrew Johnson.

Many Puritans left England around 1630 to settle in Massachusetts Bay because

Anglican cleric William Laud was removing ministers with Puritan sympathies and tightening his centralized control of the church.

Even though he did not defeat Lee, McClellan managed at least to stop his 1862 invasion of the North at

Antietam.

The most effective preacher of the Second Great Awakening was

Charles Grandison Finney.

In discussing the debate about whether Thomas Jefferson fathered a child with his slave, Sally Hemmings, your text notes that

DNA evidence supports the contention that Thomas Jefferson was most likely the father of at least one of Sally Hemmings's children.

The famous book in which Alexis de Tocqueville analyzed American society was

Democracy in America.

"Now. . .the right of property in a slave is. . .affirmed in the Constitution. The right to traffic in it, like an ordinary article of merchandise. . .was guaranteed. . .And no word can be found in the Constitution which gives Congress a greater power over slave property. . .The only power conferred is the. . .duty of guarding and protecting the owner in his rights. . .It is the opinion of the court, that the act of Congress which prohibited a citizen from. . .owning property of this kind in the territory. . .north of the line therein mentioned. . .is therefore void. . ." The above statement is from the

Dred Scott decision.

The system of Navigation Acts originated in the 1650s in response to the stiff commercial competition offered by the

Dutch.

The die-hard Federalists who organized a scheme to break away from the Union and create a "northern confederacy" in 1804 were the

Essex Junto.

After secession began in 1860, most Southerners feared that the North would forcibly resist secession.

False

Frances Scott Key wrote the lyrics to "The Star Spangled Banner" as he watched the British ransack Washington.

False

Northerners viewed the Brooks-Sumner affair as illustrative of the brutalizing effect of abolitionism on the North.

False

The Democrats eagerly accepted the rulings of the electoral commission on the disputed electoral votes in the election of 1876.

False

The Fifteenth Amendment made blacks citizens and guaranteed all citizens due process of law.

False

The colonization movement was totally controlled by whites.

False

White settlers moving west in the early nineteenth century were attracted by the good roads and high standard of living.

False

Manifest destiny might best be described as the belief that Americans were

God's chosen people.

In 1846 the United States signed a treaty dividing the Oregon territory along the 49th parallel with

Great Britain.

A successful and bloody slave revolt led to the creation in 1804 of the black republic of

Haiti.

In 1619 the first African blacks brought to English North America were probably sold in

Jamestown.

"Insane! A father and six sons, and one son-in-law, and several more men besides. . .all struck with insanity at once; while the same tyrant holds with a firmer grip than ever his four millions of slaves. . .Just as insane were his efforts in Kansas. Ask the tyrant who is his most dangerous foe, the sane man or the insane?" The above author's topic was

John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry.

The staunch states' rights advocate who became president when William Henry Harrison died was

John Tyler.

Before Texas gained its independence in 1836, a major conflict between American settlers in Texas and the Mexican government was

Mexico's abolition of slavery.

What was the effect of the growth of the factory system and of cities on middle-class families?

NOT Mothers' power increased because they now worked at home.

As a result of the Emancipation Proclamation,

NOT Republican politicians vigorously defended the cause of racial justice and black equality.

One of the most striking aspects of the various practical reform movements of the early nineteenth century was their

NOT hostility toward science.

According to your text, among the most basic justifications for secession for the South were the

NOT refusals of Lincoln and the Republicans to support constitutional guarantees to protect slavery where it already existed.

"One of the iron-clad vessels is on the point of departure from this kingdom, on its hostile errand against the United States. . .It would be superfluous in me to point out. . .that this is war. No matter what may be the theory. . .of neutrality in a struggle, when this process is carried on. . .with the aid of the subjects of a third party, that third party. . .ceases to be neutral." This statement was addressed to a representative of

NOT the Confederate States of America.

One of the "fundamental tenets of Jeffersonian Democracy" was that

NOT educated and virtuous people should be elected to office.

The War Hawks called for war against Great Britain because they

NOT were trying to divert public attention away from their immoral treatment of the Native Americans.

"Of this and the aforesaid articles we accuse Sir William Berkeley as guilty of each and every one of the same, and as one who hath traitorously . . . violated and injured his majesty's interest here, by a loss of a great part of this his colony. . . ." The author of the above statement was

Nathaniel Bacon.

Beginning in the 1650s, Parliament tried to prohibit foreign goods and vessels from colonial ports and to channel colonial raw materials to England through the

Navigation Acts.

Battles in and around ________ in August and September of 1776 were ignominious defeats for Washington's forces and seemed to presage an easy British triumph in the war.

New York City

_____ was the chief clerk of the State Department who negotiated the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo against the orders of President Polk.

Nicholas P. Trist

The most conservative proposal before the First Continental Congress in 1774 was the

ONE OF THESE: Albany Plan from Benjamin Franklin for voluntary union among the colonies. plan from Joseph Galloway to create a general government for America capable of blocking Parliament's proposals. Boston Manifesto that denounced the crimes committed by the British government since 1763.

"Our first concern was to keep up and maintain our religious worship. . . And, . . .we have nothing but love and good will in our hearts, one to another. . . And as our worthy Proprietor treated the Indians with extraordinary humanity, they became very civil and loving to us. . ." The colony described above was

Pennsylvania.

According to your text, the main responsibility for "bleeding Kansas" must rest upon the

Pierce administration, which refused to ensure honest elections because that might alienate the South.

"The rebels have demanded a 'reconstruction' on the basis of slavery; let us give them a 'reconstruction' on the basis of freedom. . .The mere suppression of the rebellion will be an empty mockery of our sufferings and sacrifices, if slavery shall be spared to canker the heart of the nation anew, and repeat its diabolical deeds." The author of the above statement of January, 1862 was a

Radical Republican.

The president, as a result of the Compromise of 1877, was

Rutherford B. Hayes.

The leader of the Texas independence movement and first president of the Republic of Texas was

Sam Houston.

The major British defeat of 1777 at ________ was caused mostly by the extremely poor coordination of the campaign.

Saratoga

According to the map, "Ethnic Groups in Eastern North America, 1750," the group most likely to settle in the back country of Pennsylvania were the

Scots-Irish.

In the 1670s thousands of Pueblo rebelled to drive the

Spanish from New Mexico.

Illegal, often violent, resistance by the Sons of Liberty to the ________ may be seen as marking the start of the revolution.

Stamp Act

According to your text, "the Henry Clay of his generation," who based his politics on expansion and popular sovereignty was

Stephen A. Douglas.

The Lecompton constitution caused a complete break between President Buchanan and his former political ally

Stephen Douglas.

The Shawnee chief who tried to bind all of the tribes east of the Mississippi into a great confederation in the early 1800s was

Tecumseh.

A basic characteristic of the colonial family, especially in New England, was

a family group which was both nuclear and patriarchal.

What happened in the Mexican War?

The president led the nation into war without a formal declaration of war from Congress.

One of the few points on which Jefferson agreed with Hamilton was the

ease with which propertyless city dwellers could be corrupted by demagogues.

"A little rebellion, now and then, is a good thing, and as necessary in the political world as storms in the physical. . . .An observation of this truth should render honest republican governors so mild in their punishments of rebellions, as not to discourage them too much. It is a medicine necessary for the sound health of government. . . ." The above was

Thomas Jefferson on Shays' Rebellion.

"I consider the foundation of the Constitution as laid on this ground: that 'all powers not delegated to the United States, by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States or to the people. . .' To take a single step beyond the boundaries thus specially drawn around the powers of Congress is to take possession of a boundless field of power, no longer susceptible of any definition." This was written by

Thomas Jefferson, opposing the National Bank.

"Neither of the two parties shall conclude either truce or peace with Great Britain, without the formal consent of the other first obtained; and they mutually engage not to lay down their arms, until the independence of the United States shall have been formally or tacitly assured by the treaty or treaties that shall terminate the war. . . ." The source of the above quotation was the 1778

Treaty of Alliance Between France and the United States.

The Mexican War was ended by the

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.

A major characteristic of the new politics of Jacksonian democracy was increased voter turnout.

True

Despite his public image as a common man, Jackson was actually a wealthy land speculator.

True

The transcendentalists were complete individualists who viewed society as no more than the sum of its individual parts.

True

Bacon's Rebellion occurred in

Virginia.

The major U.S. city sacked and burned by the British in 1814 was

Washington

American settlement in the Oregon region was centered in the

Willamette Valley.

The campaign against Mexico City was commanded by General

Winfield Scott.

Puritans objected to the way Queen Elizabeth I's bishops interpreted the Protestant doctrine of predestination because the bishops argued that

a person's efforts to lead a good life might cause God to change His mind and save a person who was previously damned.

In comparing the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 with the system by which Great Britain governed her colonies, it would be most accurate to say that the British system was

adopted for the intermediate stage of territorial development which would give way to statehood in the third stage.

Parliament's main goal in the Tea Act of 1773 was to

aid the British East India Tea Company.

According to the Kentucky and Virginia Resolves, a law of Congress could be declared unconstitutional by

an individual state.

Mexico's main grievance against the United States was based upon the

annexation of Texas.

In the proprietary colony, the proprietor's income resulted primarily from

annual rents from lands granted to settlers.

In the end, Jefferson justified the purchase of Louisiana by

bowing to "the good sense of the country" which seemed to demand the acquisition despite constitutional difficulties.

After the Battle of Bull Run, President Jefferson Davis revised his military strategy to rely primarily upon

building a strong defense to wear down the Union's will to fight.

As a group, the Tories in America

came from every social and economic class and geographic area.

New York was an English colony because the English

captured the area from the Dutch.

The "enumeration" principle in the Navigation Act of 1660 required that

certain commodities like sugar, tobacco, and indigo could not be shipped on foreign ships outside the British empire.

The president's veto power and the impeachment power of Congress are both examples of

checks and balances.

Prior to becoming president, Lincoln's position on slavery displayed his

compassion toward the slave owner but condemnation of slavery.

Following the passage of the Second Reconstruction Act, white Southerners

continued to resist federal policy.

A major British advantage in 1776 was their

control of both Boston and New York City.

The greatest source of trouble between the French in Canada and the British in New England was the

control of the fur trade.

As a result of the cotton gin,

cotton production soared and the Southern economy boomed.

According to the text, the "ultra" Radical Republicans

demanded immediate civil and political equality for blacks.

"Every day. . .people come from the city of Philadelphia. . .and go on board the newly arrived ship that has brought and offers for sale passengers from Europe, and select among the healthy persons such as they deem suitable for their business, and bargain with them how long they will serve for their passage money. . . ." This passage describes the situation of

indentured servants.

A major cause of the disorder in Kansas was the

interference from outsiders from both the North and the South on the slavery issue.

In the new state governments created during the Revolution, power was concentrated in the

legislatures.

Stating that nothing must interfere with the ability of Americans "to overspread the continent allotted by Providence for the free development of our yearly multiplying millions," New York journalist John L. O'Sullivan was describing the concept of

manifest destiny.

"The surest way for a nation to increase in riches is to prevent the importation of such foreign commodities as may be raised at home. . . ." This statement is an example of the concept of

mercantilism.

In his first inaugural address, Jefferson stressed his desire to

minimize the differences between Federalists and Republicans.

In Aaron Burr's trial for treason

neither President Jefferson nor Chief Justice Marshall acted impartially.

The British government of the American colonies

never developed an effective, centralized government.

Catholic immigrants from Germany and Ireland often

objected to demands for prohibition of all alcohol.

The basic concept underlying the "spoils system" was that

party workers must be rewarded with political office after a successful campaign.

Jackson's popularity and success were primarily the result of his

personality and leadership.

The text argues that Douglas introduced the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 partly because of his

plans for a transcontinental railroad.

Jackson's view of the presidency differed from his predecessor's primarily in his belief that the

president was the direct representative of all the people and the embodiment of national power.

In the War of 1812, the most effective American action against British shipping was by

privateering merchantmen.

In some colonies, landowners paid an annual tax called a ________, as a way for European nations to derive income from their colonies.

quitrent.

The most obvious change in the North in the decades before the Civil War was the

rapid expansion of industry.

During the War of 1812, Federalists in New England

refused to provide militia to aid in the fight.

The American negotiators at the Paris Peace Conference violated their instructions from Congress by

refusing to rely on the Comte de Vergennes and negotiating a separate treaty.

Jackson's policy toward the Native Americans was to

remove them to lands west of the Mississippi.

For Jefferson, one of the most important reasons for the Louisiana Purchase was that it

secured access to the mouth of the Mississippi River.

The "Burr Conspiracy" was an unsuccessful attempt to

separate a part of the West from the United States.

A direct consequence of the election of 1800 was the constitutional amendment stipulating

separate electoral college ballots for president and vice-president.

The Treaty of Ghent (1814) ending the War of 1812

simply reestablished the status quo ante bellum.

In the debates over the Compromise of 1850, Henry Clay's most famous argument was that

slavery did not need to be prohibited by a Wilmot Proviso, because the facts of geography and climate prevented its establishment in the southwest.

After the Battle of Bunker Hill, Congress and the bulk of the American people were

still reluctant to declare independence.

Between 1803 and 1806, the main effect upon America of the war between France and England was to

stimulate the economy dramatically, especially in re-exporting foreign products.

In 1872 Horace Greeley and the Liberal Republicans focused on the issue of

supporting civil service reform and low tariffs.

President Polk's plans to defeat Mexico included

taking possession of California and New Mexico.

In the battle over the independence of Texas, the slaughters at Goliad and at ________, a former mission, made peaceful settlement of the dispute with Mexico almost impossible.

the Alamo

Other than Jackson's personal popularity, the main campaign issue in the presidential election of 1832 was

the Bank of the United States.

"Oregon fever" referred to

the desire to go to Oregon.

The reason the final Oregon Treaty between the United States and England was popular is that

the war with Mexico had begun.

Jackson defended his veto of the charter of the Second National Bank on the grounds that it was

unconstitutional, despite the Supreme Court.

In 1840, California could be most accurately described as

unmistakably Mexican, with only a handful of white American settlers.

Everyone in Tyler's cabinet except Daniel Webster resigned when Tyler opposed Henry Clay's plans and

vetoed the new National Bank.

Southern whites reacted to free blacks by

wanting to get rid of them, but trying only half-heartedly to expel them.

Both Leisler's Rebellion and the "Paxton Boys" uprising

were challenges by outsiders to those who traditionally had power in colonial governments.

According to "Debating the Past," historian Charles Beard argued that the authors of the Constitution

were focused on protecting their own property and business interests.

Most workers in the earliest textile factories were

women and children.