HIS Chap 24

How did the American diet change in the 1930s?

-Americans began eating more processed foods. -A single distinct American diet replaced most regional immigrant-ethnic cuisines.

Who were typically the first people to lose their jobs during the Great Depression?

-Black men -women

Which of the following were part of the steps FDR took during his first week of office as part of the First New Deal?

-He backed a bill to allow the production and sale of beer. -He closed all banks and allowed only the most stable ones to reopen. -He cut government salaries and veterans' pension

Identify the true statements about the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) of 1933.

-It authorized the National Recovery Administration (NRA) to suspend antitrust laws. -It allowed business, labor, and government to cooperate with rules, or codes of fair competition, for each industry.

Which three key New Deal Reforms were struck down by the U.S. Supreme Court?

-National Industrial Recovery Act -Agriculture Adjustment Act -New York State's minimum wage law

Which of the following were among the unintended consequences of the Agricultural Adjustment Act?

-Sharecropping and tenant farming in the United States effectively ended. -Landlords kept allocated money for themselves and evicted sharecroppers and tenant farmers.

Why did the global depression of the early 1930s affect the U.S. more strongly than European nations?

-The U.S. lacked a safety net of federal unemployment insurance, health care, and social security. -The U.S. economy was less regulated than Europe's

How did the Federal Reserve's increase in interest rates, in an attempt to avert a recession in 1937, backfire?

-The stock market fell sharply. -Economic growth slowed.

What decisions by record companies led to booming record sales in the 1930s?

-They introduced cheap record players. -They halved the price of discs.

What techniques did American advertisers use in the 1930s?

-They issued coupons to entice customers. -They emphasized quality, affordability, and gratifying power.

Which of the following were part of the Indian New Deal?

-providing job opportunities in federal work projects -allocating funds for health care, education, and agriculture -promoting and preserving Native American languages and art

What new literary genres were introduced and become wildly popular in the 1930s?

-pulp magazines -comic books

What do historians consider to be the true agenda of the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)?

-to discredit some of the most outspoken Northern New Dealers -to limit FDR's control of the New Deal

Which of the following groups were part of the coalition that supported the Democratic Party in the 1930s?

-unionized labor -white Southerners -women of all classes

As a result of the Agricultural Adjustment Act, approximately how many American farmers had left their farms by 1940?

3.5 million

The primary destination for Okies fleeing the Dust Bowl was ______.

California

What triggered the Roosevelt recession of 1937?

FDR cut federal spending.

FDR interpreted his landslide victory in the 1936 election as a mandate to ______.

FDR interpreted his landslide victory in the 1936 election as a mandate to ______.

What action had Franklin Roosevelt taken as governor of New York that led Democratic Party members to nominate him as their candidate in the 1932 presidential election?

He promoted state relief programs.

How did FDR seek to reform the Supreme Court following his reelection in 1936?

He wanted to increase the number of judges.

During the Great Depression, thousands of homeless families set up shantytowns on the periphery of cities, which were known as ______.

Hoovervilles

How did the Agriculture Adjustment Act of 1933 help farmers?

It buoyed the prices of basic products such as wheat and corn.

What did the Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) do to combat the Great Depression?

It provided stimulus loans to banks, railroads, and other corporations.

What did the Revenue Act of 1935 do?

It raised taxes on estates, personal income, and corporations.

For the first time in the nation's history, more people (especially _____ immigrants) left the United States than entered it during the Great Depression.

Italian and Mexican

New Deal liberals drew upon the work of economist ____ in their assertion that the cause of recession was poor consumer demand rather than declining production

John Maynard Keynes

Inspired by the work of FSA photographers, _____ is arguably the most important literary work of the Great Depression era.

John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath

The depression of the early 1930s accelerated what trend among small farmers?

Large numbers were migrating off the land.

The largest work stoppage of the Great Depression was among _______, who walked out in protest of the employers' recruitment systems.

San Francisco dockworkers

How did the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) differ from the American Federation of Labor (AFL)?

They unionized Black Americans, Mexican Americans, and other traditionally marginalized communities.

What was the impact of the work of Reconstruction Finance Corporation and President Hoover's other initiatives to combat the Great Depression?

They were too little, too late.

Why were young Americans more likely to stay in school in the 1930s?

Why were young Americans more likely to stay in school in the 1930s?

As part of the Second New Deal, FDR fortified the _____, which became the principal federal relief agency.

Works Progress Administration (WPA)

The largest and most effective protest of the early 1930s was when the Bonus Army, made up of unemployed _____ and their families, marched on Washington, D.C. to demand federal relief.

World War I veterans

Drawing upon the latest advertising techniques, the National Recovery Administration created an icon of _____ and authorized all businesses that complied with NRA code standards to display the eagle.

a blue eagle

As a result of the work of the Tennessee Valley Authority, by 1940 almost _____ of all farms had electricity.

a third

What was the Liberty League?

an organization of leading bankers and industrialists who condemned the New Deal as anti-capitalist and un-American

During the 1930s, most Hollywood films ______.

avoided direct mention of the Depression in favor of light escapist entertainment

As part of the First New Deal, President Roosevelt closed all of the nation's _____ within his first three days of taking office.

banks

By the late 1930s, one in three American adolescents ______.

belonged to a club

The goal of the National Industrial Recovery Act was to help ______.

businesses regulate themselves

What is the primary way that brands like Jell-O, Lucky Strike, and Pabst Blue Ribbon became household names in the 1930s?

by sponsoring nationally syndicated radio programs

Of all the mass media, _____ most tightly integrated consumers into a single national audience in the 1930s.

cinema

After 1932, in matters of economic policy, the federal government ______.

consulted with big business, labor unions, farmers, small business owners, and other constituencies

During the 1930s, more than half of all book sales were ______.

detective novels

During the 1932 election, it was clear to FDR and voters that his New Deal would involve ______.

ending voluntarism

The Indian Reorganization Act (1934) repealed the Dawes Act of 1887 which had ______.

forced indigenous communal lands to be divided and privatized

As part of the New Deal, the CCC transformed millions of acres of land into ______.

forests

Why did Black Americans and other Americans of color not share equally in the benefits of the New Deal?

he New Deal's programs relied on the management of state and local authorities and were subject to local prejudice.

Many of the new food products introduced during the Depression were ______.

highly processed

In the 1930s, record companies softened the sound of _____ and promoted white bands because they believed they would be more successful among majority-white audiences.

jazz and blues

Dorothea Lange was a _____ sponsored by the FSA to document the everyday lives of sharecroppers, coal miners, food processors, migrant laborers, and displaced families across the United States.

photographer

As part of the Federal Art Project, the Living Newspaper series produced ____ based on a controversial issue from newspaper headlines.

plays

Much of the work produced by the Federal Art Project depicted ______.

scenes from early America

In the 1930s, conservation groups like the Sierra Club reoriented themselves around ______.

state and federal governments.

In the early 1930s, many Americans began calling for _____, a demand President Hoover refused to meet.

systematic federal relief

Which of the following parties experienced significant growth as a result of the Depression?

the American Communist Party

President Hoover hewed to a policy of voluntarism, meaning that he felt that ______.

the federal government should work collaboratively with private, state, and volunteer organizations rather than intervene directly

The drought and dust storms known as the Dust Bowl primarily affected which region of the country?

the plains states

What was the primary aim of the Tennessee Valley Authority?

to bring electricity to poor communities in eight Southern states

What was the purpose of the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)?

to establish a series of massive new public employment schemes

President Hoover convened the Emergency Committee for Employment, which ______.

worked with city government, charities, and religious groups to set up soup kitchens and provide shelter