HIST 111-Chapter 11

The astronomical rise of American cotton production came at the cost of tobacco. what were some issues with tobacco?

-tobacco was a rough crop. It treated the land poorly, sucking up nutrients at a rate with which the soil could not compete. -because of its violent pattern of growth, farmers had to move around, purchasing new lands, developing new methods of production, and even creating new fields through deforestation and westward expansion -Tobacco, then, was expensive to produce—and not only because of the ubiquitous use of slave labor. It required massive, temporary fields, large numbers of slaves and laborers, and constant movement.

Gossypium barbadense

AKA Petit Gulf, referred to cotton. was discovered near Rodney, Mississippi in 1820 .

By the outbreak of the Civil War, the vast majority of southerners who affiliated with a religious denomination belonged to either

Baptist or Methodist Faith

Curse of Ham

Because Ham was the father of black people, and because he and his descendants were cursed to be slaves because of his sin against Noah, some Christians said, "Africans and their descendants are destined to be servants, and should accept their status as slaves in fulfillment of biblical prophecy."

Black Belt

Region of the Deep South with the highest concentration of slaves. The "Black belt" emerged in the nineteenth century as cotton production became more profitable and slavery expanded south and west. The name referred to the color of the rich land and the color

what made life as a female slave more prone to disruption and uncertainty?

Sexual violence, unwanted pregnancies, and constant child-rearing while continuing to work the fields

Nat Turner

Slave in Virginia who started a slave rebellion in 1831 believing he was receiving signs from God His rebellion was the largest sign of black resistance to slavery in America and led the state legislature of Virginia to a policy that said no one could question slavery.

primary cotton producer in the south

South Carolina

5 main cotton-growing states

South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana.

which city experienced the most population growth during cotton era?

St Louis

Cotton Belt

The term by which the American South used to be known, as cotton historically dominated the agricultural economy of the region.

Slavery was essential to the "cotton kingdom." T or F?

True.

field hand

Type of slave that were forced to pick cotton and were treated poorly

how did african born slaves cultural traditions?

by marrying those of the same ethnicity

Petit Gulf Cotton came up at a time when land in the Southwest—southern Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and northern Louisiana— was very

cheap

Anti-literacy laws

ensured that most slaves would be unable to read the Bible in its entirety and thus could not acquaint themselves with such inspirational stories as Moses delivering the Israelites out of slavery

How did the slave population change from 1790 to 1810?

it went from 654,121 to over 1.1 million

The more slaves one owned, the more

money is cost to a) maintain them, and b) extract product from their work. As planters and cotton growers expanded their lands and purchased more slaves, their expectations increased. And productivity, in large part, did increase. But it came on the backs of slaves with heavier workloads, longer hours, and more intense punishments

from 1790 to 1810, the free population

nearly doubled—from around 1.3 million in 1790 to more than 2.3 million

Much of pro-slavery ideology rested upon the notion that slavery provided a sense of

order, duty, and legitimacy to the lives of individual slaves, feelings that Africans and African Americans, it was said, could not otherwise experience.

during the Cotton Revolution alone, between one-fifth and one-third of all slave marriages were broken up through

sale or forced migration

slave prices depended on

skin color, sex, age, and location, both of purchase and birth.

Slaves most commonly received Christian instruction from white preachers or masters, whose religious message typically stressed

slave subservience

the highest and most important expense for any successful cotton grower.

slaves

Who imported the first bales of cotton to arrive in Europe? when?

the Liverpool firm of Peel, Yates, & Co.1785

the first steamboat to navigate the internal waterways of the North American continent from one end to the other, and remain capable of returning home

the New Orleans

The astronomical rise of American cotton production came at the cost of the South's first staple crop, which was

tobacco

Among the more important aspects of Southern urbanization is the development of a middle class in the urban centers, something that never fully developed in the more rural areas. t or f?

true

In many cases, cotton growers, especially planters with large lots and enslaved workforces, put up slaves as collateral for funds dedicated to buying more land. T or f?

true

family and kinship networks played a significant role in the daily lives of slaves. T or f?

true

slave marriages were a privilege granted and defined by planters and slave owners for their slaves. t or f?

true

Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl

written by enslaved woman Harriet Jacobs, chronicled her master's attempt at sexual abuse.

Yeoman Republic

—a nation in control of its land, reaping the benefits of honest, free, and self-reliant work, a nation of families and farmers, expansion and settlement.