HIST 1111: FINAL

Which of the following statements most accurately summarizes Octavian's rise to power?

He made shrewd alliances and quickly garnered both power and the trust of the Senate.

What was the primary economic activity for the Moche?

Farming

What was one impact of the Neolithic Revolution?

Development of trading systems of goods and food

Assyrians did not consider what to be very important?

Economic differences WRONG Linguistic differences WRONG Ethnic differences

How was Muhammad's character described?

Faithful and trustworthy

How did the High Priests of Amun contribute to the splintering of Egypt?

They began practicing a form of religion counter to the Pharaoh. WRONG They allied with the Assyrians. WRONG They staged a coup to depose the royal family.

How did the Abbasids promote political stability in the Middle East?

They supported religious tolerance across all their territories WRONG Their high taxation produced 300 years of economic prosperity WRONG They maintained an unbroken line of caliphs for over 300 years

What are the Upanishads?

A collection of religious texts that describe ultimate reality and Human salvation.

What is the Hadith?

A collection of Muhammad's teachings outside of the Quran.

In what modern day country was Nubia primarily located?

Egypt

Which of the following groups did the young Octavian ingratiate himself with to gain political power?

His adoptive father's, Julius Caesar's, legions.

Why were Judaism and Christianity significant religious breaks from older religions?

They rejected both polytheism and atheism.

What is the Kaaba?

A sacred Islamic building in Mecca that was once covered in polytheistic symbols.

Which of the following are the Zapotec thought to have developed first in Mesoamerica?

A writing system

Which of the following was most important in allowing for development of the Chimu civilization?

Advanced agricultural techniques

Which of the following is one of Aristotle's achievements?

He heavily criticized Plato's works for circular reasoning and incorrect assumptions. WRONG He gave greater weight to metaphors and abstract forms than empirical evidence. WRONG He was the teacher of Phillip II of Macedon.

______________ refers to the spread of ancient Greek culture over foreign peoples conquered by Greece during the military campaigns of ___________________.

Hellenism / Alexander the Great

For what reason is King Tarquinius Superbus famous?

His particular tyranny made the concept of Rex taboo within Roman culture.

Much of the Silk Road trade was carried by traders from

India WRONG southern China WRONG eastern Europe

How did Nubia become the independent African state that emerged at the end of the second millennium B.C.E.?

It emerged from the disintegration of the Egyptian New Kingdom.

How did Hellenization impact the local populations?

It infused elements of Greek culture into local practices.

What caused the abandonment of Great Zimbabwe?

It was conquered by the Kingdom of Mutapa by 1450.

For what reason was Socrates purportedly put to death?

It was impious to investigate things above the heavens and below the earth.

Khubilai Khan's capital was located in

Khanbaliq

The Indian military caste was known as the

Kshatriyas.

According to Homer, how should a Greek man act in war?

Leave body armor and military accouterments on slain enemies. WRONG All of these answers. WRONG Hold one's position in phalanx formation.

The _____________ started in the 14th Century, lasting to the late 19th Century, and led to a period of famine in Europe that likely weakened the immune system in people leaving them vulnerable to an outbreak of ____________ also called the Black Death.

Little Ice Age / The Plague

After their defeat at the Battle of Lechfeld, the ____ became Christians and went on to establish the Kingdom of Hungary.

Magyars

What was the main cause that Tiberius Gracchus championed against the Senate?

Redressing the grievances of small landowners whose land had been taken by the government.

What are the key themes of the Quran?

Responsibility of man toward his creator and God in all aspects of life

The discovery of the ancient sites of Harrapan and Mohejo-daro was important because the sites:

Revealed a third, urbanized Bronze Age civilization (besides Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt).

What is the Avenue of the Dead?

The main avenue in Teotihuacan that has a number of pyramids.

Why did Diocletian establish the Tetrarchy?

The other Tetrarchs threatened him with political rebellion and assassination. WRONG He was under increasing pressure from the senate to distribute power he had built. WRONG He sought to reorganize and stabilize a crumbling and overextended empire.

Which of the following arguments in NOT put forth in Plato's philosophy?

There can only be justice in cities under a Philosopher king. WRONG The individual is taught to pursue the common good through noble lies. WRONG Those enforcing laws should hold women, children and property in common.

What were the Harappans among the first to develop?

Written Records.

China undertook large-scale water control programs to regulate the flow of rivers and distribute water to the fields during the

Zhou Dynasty.

In the study of history, a primary source could be

an artifact or document or diary created at the time under study.

The Romans used a calendar the was revised and introduced by Julius Caesar in 46 BCE was

based on an algorithm introducing a leap day every four years.

The Sui Dynasty

completed the new Grand Canal system linking the Yellow the Yangtze river valleys.

From the beginning of the Ming Dynasty in 1357, great care was taken by the Emperor to distribute land to peasants. The first Emperor had come from the Peasantry. One method NOT used was

forced drafting of peasants into the military.

The Mongols were able to maintain control in China for an extended period because they

maintained commercial policies that were conducive to Chinese prosperity.

In terms of its relations with neighboring powers, the Song

met their ultimate demise at the hands of the Mongols.

What did Constantine see at the Battle of Milvan Bridge to prompt his official conversion to Christianity?

A cross of light above it with words in Greek saying: "In this sign you shall conquer".

How did the Magna Carta lead to the first Baron's war?

After it failed to achieve peace, the barons rebelled against King John and attempted to replace him on the throne

Under the ____ Dynasty, China extended its rule into Mongolia and Central Asia.

Ming

What is identifying about Early Sican art?

Polished black finished ceramics.

How was the Black Death thought to be transmitted from central Asia to Europe?

By fleas on black rats that traveled on merchant ships

They supported religious tolerance across all their territories

All of these answers

Which of the following contributed to the rise of Julius Caesar?

All of these answers.

Which of the following is an example of Greek influence in Hellenistic culture?

All of these answers.

Which of the following statements is true of ancient Spartan society?

All of these answers.

What did Cleisthenes' reforms give to Classical Greece?

All of these answers. WRONG They established separate administrative regions for each political group in Athens. WRONG They established a council of the 500 wealthiest Athenian Citizens.

How was daily rural live in Medieval Europe organized?

Around the agrarian calendar, peasants spend most of their time working the land

Which of the following statements best describes how the model Roman Dictator should act during times of crisis?

Assume absolute control to resolve the crisis, then promptly return power back to the Senate.

_____________, ______________, and _____________ are all founders of three major religions that have survived to modern times and have large numbers of followers today.

Buddha, Jesus Christ, and Mohammed

What was the spondylus shell used for?

Commerce and religious offerings.

______________ was established as the official state ideology in ancient China but was challenged during the dynasty by Taoism and Buddhism.

Confucianism / Tang

During the Shang Dynasty, who was most likely to become a slave?

Criminals

The _____________ were a series of military campaigns during the Middle Ages pitting Christians against Muslims to control Jerusalem and surrounding area in the "holy land" (present day Israel and Palestine).

Crusades

Which of the following theories about the Neolithic Revolution is correctly matched with its name?

Evolutionary/ Intentionality theory - The Theory that hunting and gathering was part of an evolutionary process between humans and plants. WRONG Oasis theory - increasingly sedentary population outgrew resources in the local environment. WRONG Hilly Flanks hypothesis - agriculture began in fertile land and wetter climates.

The ______________ is generally seen as the birthplace of ______________.

Fertile Crescent / agriculture

Alexander Nevsky, prince of Novgorod, defeated the

Germans

Comparing Harold's success at the Battle of Stamford and loss at the Battle of Hastings, which of the following factors contributed to his ultimate defeat to William II of Normandy?

Harold's army was poorly prepared, and had approximately 3000 less troops than William

Why was Prince Küchlüg, ruler of the Kara-Khitan Khanate, an unpopular ruler?

He diverted his empire's funds toward the military to support his conquests. WRONG He was paranoid of being overthrown and executed people he suspected of plotting against him. WRONG As a Buddhist convert, he persecuted the Muslim majority of his people.

_______________ civilizations are examples of aboriginal cultures that developed in parts of Mexico and Central America while the Incas are an example of ______________ that developed in South America in what is present day Peru.

Mesoamerican / Andean Civilizations

The ______________ Empire lasted from the early 1200s CE until the last Yuan Emperor was deposed in China in 1368. It had been the world's largest contiguous land based empire in history at its height.

Mongolian

What was the Hijra in 622 CE?

Muhammad's journey to Medina as he fled Mecca.

The ________________ and the ________________ name two distinct periods of European History. The first is associated with scientific method, industrialization, rationality, astronomy, and calculus. The second is associated with advances in literature, architecture, humanism, and a world economy.

Neoclassical Revolution / Enlightenment WRONG?

Which of the following was one of the main accomplishments of the Western Zhou period?

New irrigation systems.

How did Pericles' creation of misthophoria strengthen Athenian democracy?

Paid jurors kept the courts full and gave people experience in public life.

______________ refers to the period established by the Roman Emperor Augustus that allowed for two way trade to develop with Han China along a route known as the _______________.

Pax Romana / Silk Road

Which of the following ideals is symbolized on the Ara Pacis?

Peace, prosperity and fertility.

Which of the following was NOT a result of the Peloponnesian War?

Poverty became widespread throughout the Peloponnese. WRONG Cultural and religious taboos were shattered. WRONG Civil war became a common occurrence in the Greek world.

From where did Aeneas flee, according to the Aeneid?

Troy

Why did the Mongols halt their expansion through Western Europe?

Upon Ögedei's death, the Mongols returned east to elect his successor.

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the Romans and the Etruscans?

Rome was culturally influenced by the Etruscans and conquered them in the 3rd century BCE.

The Principality of Kiev was founded by

Scandinavian Vikings.

What caused the decline of the Olmecs?

Scholars are unsure.

In 755 CE, a rebellion that briefly gained control of Chang'an undermined the ____ Dynasty.

Tang

"What might a member of the Zhou Dynasty who believed in the Mandate of Heaven infer about a tyrannical emperor?

That he had lost the Mandate of Heaven - - the favor of the gods - - and so would be overthrown.

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding Etruscan religion?

The Etruscan religion had very few similarities with other religions of the time.

How was the Etruscan form of government different from the surrounding Italics?

The Etruscans had a state system, while the others did not.

Which civilization did the Romans finish off at the end of the Samnite Wars?

The Etruscans.

What event compounded the effect of the Black Death, resulting in even more deaths?

The Great Famine which led to a catastrophic shortage of food in Europe.

How was the Zhou Dynasty able to overthrow the Shang Dynasty?

The Shang King became cruel and corrupt, and the Zhou had alliances among the Shang nobility.

Choose the correct hierarchy of the social class system during the Shang Dynasty, from most to least respected.

The aristocracy; the military; the artisans; the peasants

How did the Edict of Milan change the standing of Christianity in the Roman Empire?

The edict made the empire officially neutral with regard to religious worship.

From where did the ultimate authority of the Roman Senate derive?

The esteem and prestige of Senators, based on custom and precedence.

What does the "Mixtec" most likely mean in colloquial language today?

The family of languages that still survive today.

One of the main reasons for the demise of the Tang Dynasty was its inability to effectively solve the problem of land distribution. Which of the following statements can serve as a valid explanation for this policy failure?

The increasing concentration of land in the hands of the rich and politically influential, coupled with rising food production, led to increasing pressure on the land distribution system.

How did Athens eventually fall from its powerful, prestigious position as the leader of the Delian League?

They used the Delian League for their own ambitions and were defeated the the Peoloponnesian War.

Which of the following was NOT a factor in Genghis Khan's success as first Khan of the Mongol Empire?

Through bloody conquests he achieved the largest contiguous land empire in history. WRONG He united many nomadic tribes into a single strong empire. WRONG He regulated the use of cannons and firearms, preventing widespread massacres.

Each of the Seven Kings of Rome is credited with _________________.

Tradition or building in the city landscape.

Hammurabi

established a code of law by which his empire was governed.

Confucianism as a Chinese state institution

expressed a traditional, activist element in Chinese philosophy.

The most effective expression of literature from the Tang to the Ming dynasties was in the form of

poetry.

As a result of the rise of Empress Wu, she

reformed imperial examinations for the Chinese bureaucracy allowing individuals from humble origins to participate, becoming a keystone of Wu's gamble to retain power.

Which one of the following is NOT CORRECT about the Ming dynasty?

there were no contacts with Vietnam or Korea.

In the Chinese civil service examination system,

under the Song, Confucian doctrine had been replaced by Buddhist teachings as the sole contents of the exam. WRONG the elimination of all bureaucratic shortcomings was achieved. WRONG in comparison to other civilizations, the process provided a means for upward social mobility.

The Song Dynasty

was the first government in World History to issue banknotes or true paper money nationally.