HIST 1301 Chapter 2 Review

English liberty

Idea that the English king was subject to the rule of law and that all free persons should enjoy security of person and property.

The first Thanksgiving celebrated the Pilgrims' survival and a successful harvest. T/F?

True

Most immigrants to America from England in the 1600s were poor, young, single men. T/F?

True

Under the headright system, anyone who brought in a sizable number of servants would immediately acquire a large estate. T/F?

True

Anne Hutchinson offended colonial leaders and was banished from Massachusetts because she claimed God spoke directly to her. T/F?

True

Because Jamestown was settled next to a malarial swamp, many settlers died. T/F?

True

England's ongoing struggle to subdue Ireland delayed its entry into New World colonization. T/F?

True

Captivity narratives

First-hand accounts written by settlers who had been held captive by Indian tribes; New England leaders advocated for the publication of such narratives in order to discourage colonists from being attracted to Indian life.

Roanoke colony

Founded by Sir Walter Raleigh in 1535 off the coast of North Carolina; the first settlement was abandoned in 1586; the second settlement, established in 1586, was found mysteriously abandoned in 1590.

Slavery was never allowed in the devoutly Christian colony of Massachusetts. T/F?

Galse

In Puritan New England, a husband's authority in his house was nearly absolute; genuine freedom for a woman was understood to come from her subjection to her husband's will and desires. T/F?

True

Act Concerning Religion (or Maryland Toleration Act)

A 1649 act by which all Christians were guaranteed the free exercise of religion.

Tobacco colony

A colony in which growing tobacco was the main source of profit; tobacco farming in Virginia resulted in a growing demand for field labor and a distinct class hierarchy.

John Winthrop

A governor of Massachusetts who, in 1645, spoke to the legislature about the distinction between 'natural' liberty (liberty to do evil) and 'moral' liberty.

Headright system

A policy first announced by the Virginia Company in 1618, by which the company granted 50 acres of land to any colonist who paid for his own or another's passage to Virginia.

Virginia Company

A private business organization whose shareholders included merchants, aristocrats, and members of Parliament; sponsored the 1607 founding of Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement in the present-day United States.

Great Migration

Period between 1629 and 1642 in which a great number of Puritans migrated from England to Massachusetts.

Dissenters

Protestants who belonged to denominations other than the established church.

Pilgrims

Puritan Separatists who broke completely with the Church of England and sailed to the New World aboard the Mayflower, founding Plymouth Colony on Cape Cod in 1620.

Colonial Massachusetts was organized into self-governing towns. T/F?

True

In the 1600s, nearly two-thirds of English settlers came as indentured servants. T/F?

True

Indentures usually bound indentured servants for periods of from five to seven years. T/F?

True

John Rolfe married Powhatan's daughter. T/F?

True

The typical seventeenth-century woman in New England gave birth seven times. T/F?

True

A Discourse Concerning Western Planting

Written in 1584 by Protestant minister and scholar Richard Hakluyt, in which he listed various reasons why Queen Elizabeth I should support the establishment of colonies.

Half-Way Covenant

In 1662, attempted to address the problem of religious purity by allowing for the baptism and subordinate ('half-way') membership for grandchildren of Puritan immigrants from the Great Migration.

Most New England colonists sided with Parliament during the English Civil War. T/F?

True

The main lure for the majority of migrants from England to the New World was: a. religious freedom. b. land ownership. c. slave ownership. d. indentured servitude.

b. land ownership.

Puritans

English religious group that sought to purify the Church of England; founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony under John Winthrop in 1630.

All Pilgrims were Puritans. T/F?

False

Because Puritan Massachusetts was deeply religious, ministers were frequently elected to colonial offices. T/F?

False

In the 1600s in Massachusetts, full church membership was not required to vote in colony-wide elections. T/F?

False

Intermarriage between Indians and English settlers was common. T/F?

False

Most migrants to seventeenth-century New England came out of the poorer reaches of English society. T/F?

False

New England quickly developed into a land of large plantations and landless servants. T/F?

False

Ordinary settlers in Puritan Massachusetts were called "gentlemen" and "ladies" or "master" and "mistress." T/F?

False

The Half-Way Covenant (1662) held that believers in the divine right of kings were good. T/F?

False

Harvard College was principally founded to educate young men into the ministry. T/F?

True

Roger Williams was banished from Massachusetts for advocating freedom of individual conscience and religious choice. T/F?

True

Seventeenth-century Maryland stood out for its system of absolute rule, but also for its practice of religious toleration. T/F?

True

The "Rights of Englishmen" were established in the Magna Carta. T/F?

True

Dower rights

Under English law, gave married women the rights to claim one-third of her husband's property in the event that he died before she did.

The Sovereignty and Goodness of God

Very popular captivity narrative in which author Mary Rowlandson writes of her unwavering determination to return to Christian society.

Which of the following was not a significant feature of indentured servitude in seventeenth-century Virginia? a. Indentured servants never comprised more than a small percentage of Virginians, the great majority of whom arrived either as free settlers or slaves. b. Unlike slaves, indentured servants were held in bondage only for a limited period of time. c. Like slaves, indentured servants could be bought and sold, beaten, and denied permission to marry by their masters. d. Although servants could anticipate some kind of "freedom dues" (often a piece of land) upon completion of their indenture, many died before their terms expired.

a. Indentured servants never comprised more than a small percentage of Virginians, the great majority of whom arrived either as free settlers or slaves.

In 1619, the first elected assembly in colonial America was: a. The House of Burgesses in Virginia. b. The Massachusetts General Court. c. The State House in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. d. The Delaware State House in Christiana.

a. The House of Burgesses in Virginia.

Cecilius Calvert envisioned Maryland as a refuge for: a. indentured servants. b. the Indians. c. African-Americans. d. Catholics.

d. Catholics.

Which was not a characteristic of Roger Williams's Rhode Island colony? a.It was a refuge for religious nonconformists. b. It had no established church. c. It had no religious qualification for voting in the 1600s. d. It required citizens to attend church.

d. It required citizens to attend church.

Who was the most prominent Native American leader in the original area of English settlement in Virginia? a. Pocahontas b. Massasoit c. Squanto d. Powhatan

d. Powhatan

A key motivation behind early English settlement in the American colonies was: a. acquisition of land, and thus a measure of personal independence. b. escape from the material and spiritual corruptions of England. c. the profits to be made in transatlantic commerce. d. all of the above.

d. all of the above.

Which of the following was not a significant outcome of the start of Chesapeake tobacco cultivation? a. a surge of revenue to the English crown b. the emergence of a landed gentry, which enjoyed great social and political influence c. a rush of newcomers from England, in pursuit of land and labor d. campaigns to discourage migration by English women, who, it was feared, would distract male Virginians from their work in the fields

d. campaigns to discourage migration by English women, who, it was feared, would distract male Virginians from their work in the fields

In 1585, the English attempted to establish Jamestown in North America. T/F?

False

In Puritan Massachusetts, "visible saint" was a term used to describe people of outstanding kindness and generosity. T/F?

False

Early New Englanders established trade relations with local Indians; early Virginians did not. T/F?

False

Indentured servant

A settler who signed on for a temporary period of servitude to a master in exchange for passage to the New World; Virginia and Pennsylvania were largely peopled in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries by English and German indentured servants.

Pequot War

An armed conflict in 1637 that led to the destruction of one of New England's most powerful Indian groups.

Uprising of 1622

An uprising against the Virginia colony led by Powhatan's brother, Opechancanough, that wiped out a quarter of the settler population; the remaining settlers responded by massacring scores of Indians and devastating their villages.

House of Burgesses

As the first elected assembly in colonial America, it was established in 1618 by the Virginia Company and first convened in 1619; only landowners had voting rights and the company retained the right to nullify any measure adopted.

John Smith

One of Jamestown's first leaders, whose autocratic rule alienated many of the colonists; returned to England after being injured by a gunpowder explosion in 1609.

Mayflower Compact

Signed in 1620 aboard the Mayflower before the Pilgrims landed at Plymouth, the document committed the group to majority rule government.

Enclosure movement

The 16th and 17th century process in which English landlords evicted small farmers and fenced in 'commons' previously open to all.

Moral liberty

The Puritan idea of 'liberty to that only which is good'; could entail restraints on speech, religion, and personal behavior.

Anne Hutchinson scandalized Massachusetts's authorities both for her unorthodox religious ideas and for her "unwomanly" engagement in public issues. T/F?

True

At the end of their period of indenture, indentured servants were often given "freedom dues" and became free members of society. T/F?

True

Among the problems facing the early settlers of Jamestown colony were: a. high rates of death and disease. b. overconsumption of hearty English foods. c. constant attacks by French and Spanish pirates. d. all of the above.

a. high rates of death and disease.

The Mayflower Compact of 1620 asserted that: a. just and equal laws made by male representatives onboard were to rule. b. an agreement existed between Indians and settlers that they would peacefully co-exist. c. a clear statement had been made affirming the religious unity of those joining into the compact. d. the price for tobacco was set by agreement between the colonial wealthy elite and the king.

a. just and equal laws made by male representatives onboard were to rule.

Which of the following crops did John Rolfe introduce to the English colonies? a. tobacco b. cotton c. indigo d. silk

a. tobacco

Having fled religious intolerance in England, the Puritans in Massachusetts: a. were intolerant of persons who disagreed with their version of Christianity. b. were tolerant of other Christian faiths and denominations. c. were tolerant of Quakers and Catholics, but intolerant of Jews and atheists. d. frequently established their cities upon hills to protect against Indian attack.

a. were intolerant of persons who disagreed with their version of Christianity.

Which of the following series of events is listed in proper sequence? a. founding of Massachusetts Bay Colony; founding of Plymouth Colony; founding of Jamestown Colony b. Mayflower Compact; trial of Anne Hutchinson; Half-Way Covenant c. English Civil War; Henry VIII's break with the Catholic Church; Walter Raleigh's Roanoke colony venture d. introduction of headright system in Virginia; enactment of religious toleration in Maryland; introduction of Chesapeake tobacco cultivation

b. Mayflower Compact; trial of Anne Hutchinson; Half-Way Covenant

Which of the following was not a central theme of Puritan thought? a. The Church of England is overly steeped in ritual and dogma. b. The quest for material prosperity is a sign of moral corruption. c. People enter this world either "elect" or "damned"; how they live their lives has no effect on their prospects for salvation. d. True "freedom" means following God's will, not one's own natural impulses.

b. The quest for material prosperity is a sign of moral corruption.

In the religious view of the Puritans, you would get to heaven if: a. you combined good deeds (works) in this world with faith in Jesus. b. you loved your neighbor and demonstrated that love by giving alms or charity. c. God predestined you to heaven or hell; no earthly act could change that. d. you followed the Pope's word as explained at Sunday Mass.

c. God predestined you to heaven or hell; no earthly act could change that.

The first permanent English settlement in the area now known as the United States was at: a. Plymouth Rock, Massachusetts. b. Ft. Augustine, Florida. c. Jamestown, Virginia. d. New Amsterdam, New Netherlands.

c. Jamestown, Virginia.

Who was the English-speaking American Indian the Pilgrims encountered at Plymouth Bay in 1620? a. Pocahontas b. Massasoit c. Squanto d. Powhatan

c. Squanto

Which of the following did not happen in the 1630s? a. Pequot War b. Roger Williams was banished from Massachusetts. c. The House of Burgesses was established. c. Anne Hutchinson's trial

c. The House of Burgesses was established.

A "visible saint" was the term Puritans used to describe: a. an angel descended from heaven. b. a beatified Catholic. c. a person who had experienced divine grace, often during a lightning storm. d. a scar or tattoo, usually on the forearm of the deceased.

c. a person who had experienced divine grace, often during a lightning storm.

The expansion of tobacco cultivation in the early 1600s led to an increase in demand for which of the following labor groups? a. African slaves b. Native Americans c. indentured servants d. mestizos

c. indentured servants

The English "enclosure" movement of the 1500s and 1600s forced small farmers off "commons" land so that the land could be taken up by: a. the Irish. b. apartment-style housing. c. sheep. d. sports fields.

c. sheep.

Which of the following was not a significant trend of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century English society? a. a large-scale displacement of rural people from the land b. a dramatic increase in population c. the elimination of gender hierarchies d. enlarged public debate over the meaning of freedom

c. the elimination of gender hierarchies

In 1600s Virginia, a femme sole could do all of the following except: a. acquire land. b. manage her own plantation. c. vote. d. act as a lawyer in court.

c. vote.

Which of the following was not a characteristic of early New England society? a. intolerance of individual deviations from prevailing values b. highly patriarchal family life c. extensive autonomy and self-government in local affairs d. equality of the sexes in church affairs, but not in government affairs

d. equality of the sexes in church affairs, but not in government affairs

The Half-Way Covenant applied to whom? a. women only b. African slaves c. peninsulares d. grandchildren of the English Great Migration

d. grandchildren of the English Great Migration

Colonial Virginia's economic substitute for gold was: a. silver. b. rum. c. yellow corn. d. tobacco.

d. tobacco.