HIST 1302 midterm

Pancho Villa

Mexican revolutionary who raided the United States

(From the Virtual Reader) The author of the song, "I'm Going to Leave Old Texas Now," plans to leave Texas. What is his destination?

Mexico

Industry was aided in the U.S. by a generous supply of labor, a favorable governmental attitude, and an abundance of _________.

Natural Resources

Andrew Carnegie

Scottish immigrant who became the leader in the steel business and a role model for other immigrants.

Austria

The assassination of this country's arch-duke triggered the start of WWI.

Booker T. Washington

The black leader who offered the theory of "realistic accommodation" as a survival strategy for African Americans following Reconstruction.

From the Virtual Reader: The most recent major investigation of the sinking of the U.S. Maine came to the conclusion that:

The explosions were caused by an internal coal-bunker fire.

The title of the novel that described the terrible conditions of the meatpacking industry was:

The jungle

(From the Virtual Reader) The author of the song, "I'm Going to Leave Old Texas Now," plans to leave Texas. Why?

The open range cattle drives have come to an end.

farmers

The people in this occupation sold their goods in an unprotected market, but made many of their major purchases in a protected market.

vertical integration

The practice of controlling every possible aspect of production from the raw materials to the retail market.

horizontal integration

The practice of merging with, closely cooperating with, or taking over companies within the same industry.

It is the late 1800's. You are deeply in debt. Why do you prefer bimetallism (unlimited coinage of silver)?

The resulting inflation will allow me to pay back my debt with money that is worth less than what I borrowed and is easier to come by.

According to the theory of the "White Mans' Burden," the more advanced and civilized nations should strongly encourage ideas such as democracy, Christianity, and modernization to the less advanced nations.

True

Among the many abuses of American industrialization in the late 1800's, was almost total disregard for protecting the environment.

True

Following 1896, up until WWI, most immigration to the United States was from the so-called "bad" sources of Southern and Eastern Europe.

True

From the Virtual Reader (website): In addition to being the renowned home run slugger, Babe Ruth was an outstanding baseball pitcher earlier in his professional career.

True

In major cities, politics was often a form of public entertainment.

True

In the 1920s, many investors bought stocks on margin—that is, with borrowed funds.

True

One major task in big cities was disposing of horse waste.

True

The Roaring Twenties pitted a cosmopolitan, urban America against the values of an insular, rural America.

True

The Statue of Liberty was placed in the harbor in New York to encourage and welcome poor and homeless immigrants into the United States.

True

The United States gained influence and control in Panama by convincing the Panamanians to declare their independence from Colombia.

True

The political cartoon, "Mexican Revolution," suggests that the Mexican people had to endure one violent political revolution after another.

True

When the 19th Amendment was passed, it meant that an otherwise qualified citizen of the United States could not be denied the right to vote on account of their gender.

True

Within their platform, the Populists demanded the direct election of the offices of the President and Vice-President, as well as the direct election of Senators.

True

Wilson's Fourteen Points endorsed all of the following EXCEPT:

U.S. colonies in Africa and Asia.

The desire to restore traditional values and social stability in 1920 led voters to elect as president:

Warren G. Harding

Charles Lindbergh

Was the first person to make a solo flight across the Atlantic Ocean

In the late 1800's, you live on an absolutely fixed income (retirement plan). Should you oppose the unlimited coinage of silver?

Yes

You have many skills, a broad variety of work experiences and a college degree. Do you favor the Pendleton Act?

Yes

Factory work featured long hours, low pay, and ____________ working conditions.

dangerous

The major themes in the song, "Over There," (Virtual Reader) were ___________ and ____________.

duty and patriotism

Once the mega-businesses of the late 1800's reached ____________________, they were able to buy the goods and services they needed at greatly reduced prices.

economy of scale

William Seward

engineered the purchase of Alaska for the U.S.

According to the theories of Sigmund Freud, our conscious mind is much larger and more powerful than our sub-conscious mind.

false

Although urban crime, disease, suicide, and gang membership were high, incidences of drug abuse were quite rare in the late 1800's and early 1900's.

false

By the early part of the 1900's, it had become clear that several of the most popular sports would have to undergo some rules and policy changes in order to become more profitable for the professional sports leagues that controlled over 90% of all U.S. sporting activities.

false

Hawaii would be useful to the United States for its strategic location for a naval base, its huge sugar production, and its ample deposits of gold and silver.

false

The immigration quota laws, such as the National Origins Act, passed in the 1920s:

favored immigrants from northern and western Europe.

After 1896, most immigrants were:

from southern and eastern Europe.

The Harlem Renaissance:

sought to promote black folk culture.

The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine:

stated that the United States could intervene in the affairs of Latin American countries to forestall the intervention of other powers.

WCTU:

stood for Women's Christian Temperance Union.

A major factor in Woodrow Wilson's victory in the 1912 presidential campaign was the fact that:

the Republican party had split in two.

How successful was President Wilson at getting the U.S. Senate to ratify the Treaty of Versailles?

the Senate never ratified the treaty of Versailles.

All of the following EXCEPT ONE were reasons why the United States and Spain went to war. Which is the EXCEPTION?

the United States' backlash against the policies of the Catholic Pope

What agency best organized United States industry to provide materials for the military during World War I?

the War Industries Board

All of the following contributed to epidemics, disease, and high mortality rates in the growing cities EXCEPT:

the banishment of animals to outside city limits.

In the course of WWI, all of the following infringed on American civil liberties except for one. Which was the EXCEPTION?

the issuance of government War Bonds

Zimmerman

the leader who urged Mexico to wage war against the U.S., in exchange for the return of former territories

Teddy Roosevelt

the president at the time the United States "took over" Panama

William McKinley

the president during the Spanish-American War

Hawaii

this island country annexed by the United States was a major producer of sugar and tropical fruits

Congress passed the Homestead Act:

to encourage settlement of the western lands.

During the Spanish-American War, Theodore Roosevelt:

took part in the land fighting in Cuba.

Versailles

treaty ending the First World War

Boxer Rebellion

uprising among Chinese nationals in an attempt to expel foreign exploiters

The Zimmerman telegram:

urged the Mexican government to invade the United States.

In the area of conservation, Theodore Roosevelt:

used the Forest Reserve Act to protect over 170 million acres of forest.

William Howard Taft:

was Roosevelt's choice as his successor.

Membership in the American Federation of Labor at first:

was limited primarily to skilled, white, male craftsmen.

Margaret Sanger:

was the first person to advocate for birth control for women.

For industrial workers in Gilded Age America:

working and living conditions remained precarious.

All of the following were quality of life improvements provided by towns and cities in the Progressive Era, EXCEPT ONE. Which of the following is the EXCEPTION?

workmen's compensation

scientific management

This practice encouraged using fewer workers to perform simpler tasks at faster speeds.

Overproduction

This practice practically guaranteed that agricultural prices would remain low.

dust

This thing was the biggest health threat to the cowboys of the late 1800's.

From the Virtual Reader website on Andrew Carnegie: What did Andrew Carnegie mean when he stated, "the man who dies thus rich, dies disgraced?"

Those of wealth should use much of their excess income to help others.

Woodrow Wilson

author of the "14 Points"

The Seventeenth Amendment:

authorized the popular election of U.S. senators.

the Treaty of Paris

awarded Guam and Puerto Rico to the U.S.

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

awarded huge amounts of territory and natural resources from Russia to Germany

The Progressive Era was clearly a movement ______________ the laissez-faire philosophy of government.

away from

Part of the reason for the stock market crash was the:

buying of great amounts of stock on the margin (on credit).

Sigmund Ford

claimed that the three elements of human personality were the id, ego, and super-ego

Calvin Coolidge

"The chief business of the American people is business.

Which of the following terms is not compatible with the other terms on the list?

"hands off" governmental attitude

The Democrats lost 113 seats in the House of Representatives in the CONGRESSIONAL ELECTIONS of 1894. Why did this most likely happen? (Think about it.)

A severe economic depression began in 1893 while the Democrats were in power.

Barbed-wire fencing

A major reason why the open range cattle industry began to collapse by the 1880's.

W.E.B DuBois

African-American leader who helped establish the NAACP and promoted immediate social and political equality for the "talented tenth."

In physics, the theory of relativity was developed and explained by:

Albert Einstein

sod

Because of the scarcity of wood in the Great Plains region, many cabins were made of this material.

Of the following presidents, which one served as vice president?

Calvin Coolidge

Warren Harding

Died from a heart attack before finishing his term as president.

Which amendment to the Constitution is known as the Prohibition amendment?

Eighteength

All of the following were laws enacted at the national level during the Progressive Era EXCEPT ONE. Which of the following was not enacted during the Progressive Era?

F.D.I.C.

Babe Ruth

Hit 60 home runs to set a record in Major League Baseball

The Progressive Movement including a number of wealthy and powerful participants, but allowed for no participation among the poor and needy.

False

The educated, career-minded woman was generally considered an essential resource for society during the late 1800's.

False

The main goal in passing the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 was to swindle the Indians out of their remaining lands.

False

As a result of the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia:

Lenin concluded a separate peace with Germany.

The passage of the 18th Amendment made abortion illegal throughout all of the United States and territories.

False

All of the following EXCEPT ONE served as President of the United States during the 1920's. Which is the EXCEPTION?

Franklin Roosevelt

By the 1880s, most states had outlawed child labor.

False

By the late 1800's, the United States had all of the ingredients in place to become a first-rate industrial nation, except for adequate numbers in the work force.

False

Critics of Social Darwinism believed that "nature" set the best course for the improvement of mankind.

False

During the Progressive Era, a "muckraker" was another name for city sanitation worker.

False

Flappers was the slang word for illegal drinking establishments in the 1920s.

False

From the Virtual Reader article, "The Death of Sitting Bull": The Native wives of the dead tribal policemen complained that their husbands were mistakenly killed by the white soldiers, who thought they were members of Sitting Bull's war party.

False

From the Virtual Reader of the United States: By 1897, Andrew Carnegie controlled almost all of the railroad companies in the United States.

False

Hired by the railroad companies, the Buffalo Soldiers were largely responsible for reducing the number of wild buffalo in the American West during the late 1800's.

False

In the late 1800's, the general public whole-heartedly supported the formation of labor unions for workers.

False

In the poem from the Virtual Reader, "Booker T. and W.E.B.," W.E.B. DuBois was critical of blacks who pursued what he considered pointless educational pursuits, instead of putting their focus on making a decent living.

False

The Progressive Era saw the creation of professional standards and certification of teachers, lawyers, musicians, artists, and doctors.

False

Henry ford

His assembly line process dramatically reduced the build time and process of the automobile

John Scopes

His teaching of Darwin's Theory of Evolution cause his arrest and led to the famous "Monkey Trial."

The American city that first converted its elected local officials to unelected, professional commissioners was:

Galveston

Which nation suffered the most casualties during WWI?

Germany

Sussex Pledge

Germany's promise to identify ships before sinking them with a submarine torpedo

John D. Rockefeller

He was a ruthless master of "horizontal integration," driving many smaller competitors out of business, ultimately taking over their resources.

Frederick Jackson Turner

His theory was that it was the frontier experience that had helped make America great.

What was the purpose of the "subtreasury plan"?

It allowed farmers to secure low-interest government loans and gave the farmers some latitude concerning when to sell.

What was the purpose of the Dawes Severalty Act?

It sought to "Americanize" Indians by dealing with them as individuals, rather than as a collective tribe.

As a result of the Scopes trial:

John T. Scopes was found guilty of teaching evolution but was only charged a small fine.

Now that you have read a number of resources relating to the meat-packing practices of this era, what does this political cartoon tell us about sausage-making in the late 1800's and early 1900's?

Just about any ingredient could end up in a sausage product

If the success and continuation of the Populist Party is THE MOST IMPORTANT thing in your life, should you--as a Populist Party member--nominate William Jennings Bryan as your presidential candidate in 1896?

No

Your railroad line has made a fortune through questionable practices such as rebates, rate discrimination, and pooling agreements. Do you support the Interstate Commerce Act?

No

Grover Cleveland is to fathering a child out of wedlock as James G. Blaine is to ______________

None of the other answer choices is correct.

From the Virtual Reader: What point is the author making in the political cartoon, "Looking Backward?"

Often, those who currently opposed immigration were once immigrants themselves.

By the 1920's, the KKK had taken positions against all of the following groups EXCEPT ONE. Which of the following groups WAS NOT attacked by the Klan?

Protestant Christians

By 1900, the section of the country with the poorest system of public education was among the __________ states.

Southern

Which political party enjoyed OVERWHELMING POLITICAL DOMINATION between 1876 and 1896? (Be careful.)

The Democrats and Republicans were almost perfectly equal in political results during the era.

American Ferderation of Labor

This organization succeeded because of the select makeup of its membership and the limited goals of its agenda.

gold and silver strikes

This phenomenon sped up the settlement of areas in the West that had previously been only sparsely populated.

Complete the following progression: AGRARIAN DISCONTENT; the GRANGE ASSOCIATIONS; FARMERS' ALLIANCES; _____________.

The Populist Party

Plessy v. Ferguson

The Supreme Court case that declared "separate but equal" accommodations for the races was not unconstitutional.

wounded knee

The site where the 7th Cavalry slaughtered many Native Americans who had gathered together to do the "Ghost Dance."

laissez-faire

The term used to describe a government that generally takes a "hands off" policy concerning regulation of business or industry.

Buffalo

The western Natives' culture became difficult or impossible to maintain after the elimination of the ___________.

Who was president when the United States acquired the right to build a canal across Panama?

Theodore Roosevelt

George Custer

This ambitious man overestimated his military skills, while underestimating his enemy's numbers.

Russia

This country acted very aggressive prior to WWI, by mobilizing its army for fighting--even before any war had been declared.

United States

This country delayed entry into the war as long as possible--about three years after the start.

Serbia

This country showed little remorse when one of its citizens assassinated a rival nation's leader.

Germany

This country was the first country to actually attack another at the start of the First World War.

England(Great Britain)

This island-country was one of the leaders of the "Allied" powers.

Grandfather Laws

This law permitted poor and illiterate white men to vote, even when they were unable to meet poll tax or literacy requirements.

Gustavus Swift

This man was a major supplier in the meat market and a masterful user of vertical integration.

You are a farmer. You support the unlimited coinage of silver and the sub treasury plan, but you oppose a tariff increase. For whom will you vote in the presidential election of 1896?

William Jennings Bryan

You run a small manufacturing plant that directly competes with British and German industry. Which candidate will get your vote in 1896?

William McKinley

Most attempts at organizing labor into unions failed during the 1800's, because there were always more __________ than there were available jobs.

Workers

From the Virtual Reader: According to Jacob Riis in "How the Other Half Lives," (excerpt) what was a "street Arab?"

a homeless child

Platt Amendment

allowed the U.S. to maintain significant control over Cuba, without actually annexing it

In the late 1800's, one of the items below was not likely to exist at the same time as the other four. Which of the following does not belong on the list?

an increase in wages and salaries.

going "over the top"

attempting to dislodge the enemy soldiers from their WWI trench

All of the following EXCEPT ONE could be considered part of the United States traditional leadership--those generally in power from the signing of the Constitution through WWI. Which of these groups is NOT part of the "old" leadership?

independent-minded young people

Emilio Aguinaldo

led the Filipino independence fight against Spain and later the United States

Political and social radicalism arose after World War I because:

postwar culture was entering an era of bewildering change.

Profirio Diaz

long time right wing dictator of Mexico

Woodrow Wilson

non-Mexican who opposed the Huerta takeover of the Mexican government

Queen Liliuokalani:

opposed the Americanization of Hawaii.

Herbert Hoover

promised that with his election, the Republican Prosperity" of the 1920's would continue for 4 - 8 more years.

You are from a wealthy Protestant family, involved in manufacturing. Your family has been in the United States for several generations. You would like to see limits or an outright ban on alcohol consumption. To which political party do you belong in the late 1800's?

republicans

All of the following groups EXCEPT ONE were considered to be challengers to the traditional power structure in the 1920's. Which group WAS NOT a challenger in the 1920's?

rural America

From the Virtual Reader: According to Jacob Riis (How the Other Half Lives), the key to the success of the Children's Aid Society was ________.

self help

Pago Pago

small island, whose primary value to the United States was for a naval base.