HIST 1310 CHAPTER 11

Which of the following are accurate statements regarding the domestic slave trade?

New Orleans and Charleston were two of the region's largest slave markets. Most slaves were moved by professional slave traders. Some slaves moved from one part of the South to another with their owners.

Which of the following best describes the prevalence of slaveholding in the South?

Only a very small minority of southern whites owned slaves.

How did the slave codes define a person's race?

Individuals with a presumed trace of African ancestry were black.

Which of the following best describes the relationship between agriculture and business in the South?

Most successful businesses were related to the needs of plantation owners.

From the 1830s on, state laws governing slavery made it much more difficult for owners to set their slaves free, in part because

Nat Turner's revolt had prompted fears of further revolts among white southerners.

Which of the following best explains why rice did not become a staple of the southern economy?

Rice fields require extensive irrigation.

One of the most powerful stereotypes of slaves was the "

Sambo

Which of the following best describes an aspect of the domestic slave trade?

Slave families were often separated, including the separation of children from parents.

Which of the following best describes the frequency of slave revolts in the South?

Slave uprisings were rare, but the possibility kept white southerners on alert.

Which of the following describe the lives of slaves in the South?

Slave women labored in the fields and also cooked and cleaned. They lived in rough cabins called "slave quarters."

Which of the following best describe how slaves' practice of religion differed from that of whites?

Slaves' prayer meetings often included vocal exclamations and fervent chanting. Slave religion often blended elements of African religious traditions and Christianity.

Which of the following are true about free blacks in the South before the Civil War?

Some owned slaves. Free black communities flourished in New Orleans and Charleston. Most lived in poverty.

Which of the following statements regarding urban slavery in the South are true?

Some urban slaves were skilled trade workers. Urban slaves were less supervised than rural slaves. Urban slaves had little working competition from European immigrants. The line between slavery and freedom in cities was less distinct.

Which of the following effects did the cult of honor have on the lives of southern white women?

Southern white men felt obligated to protect white women. Men expected women to be subordinate in exchange for defending women's honor.

Which of the following contributed to how the South remained so different from the North?

The southern economy was tied to a culture that celebrated the wealth of planters and viewed slavery as a benevolent institution. While the agricultural economy of the Northeast had declined, that of the South was booming.

On large plantations, slaveowners would employ ______, who were slaves that acted as foremen.

head drivers

As compared to the lives of women in the North, affluent white women in the South

hill people.

Nonslaveholding whites who lived in backcountry areas like the Appalachians and Ozarks were known as

hill people.

Which of the following were the most common hazards for slaves who tried to escape their masters by running away?

ignorance about geography "slave patrols" looking for escaped blacks long distance to safety

Some slaves were able to buy freedom for themselves and their families. This was most often possible for those who lived

in cities.

Which of the following advantages did house slaves often have over field slaves?

less physically-backbreaking labor access to leftovers from the master's table

Like rice and sugar, ______ did not enjoy widespread success in the South because it could only be grown in limited areas in the coastal regions of the Southeast.

long-staple cotton

As a result of the second middle passage,

many slave families were broken up.

The relationship of masters and slaves on medium and large plantations was

not as intimate as on small farms.

Which of the following roles was not among those assigned to house slaves?

overseer

The central ideology of slavery, and the vital instrument of white control, was

paternalism

Most whites living in the Appalachians or the Ozarks

practiced subsistence agriculture, growing most of their crops for their own use.

Slave women generally were responsible for which of the following tasks?

providing medical attention child rearing cooking meals

Most affluent southern white women engaged in all of the following except

public activities.

Nonslaveholding whites relied on the plantation system for all of the following except

rented land.

The development of what crop allowed the South to continue depending primarily on agriculture before the Civil War?

short-staple cotton

True or false: Slaves developed extended kinship networks to cope with the breakup of their nuclear families.

True

True or false: The southern educational system was not accessible to the lower classes and contributed to the class divide.

True

Most slaves received which of the following?

1. Cheap clothing and shoes 2. A simple but adequate diet

Federal law prohibited the importation of slaves from ______ onward.

1808

Approximately what percentage of white southerners lived in slaveholding households in the mid-1800s?

25%

By the mid-nineteenth century, how common was slavery in the Western world?

Apart from the southern United States, it existed only in Brazil, Cuba, and Puerto Rico.

Which of the following are accurate statements about the foreign slave trade?

At a southern convention for commerce in 1858, delegates voted to repeal all laws against slave imports, but the government did not comply. Despite a federal law prohibiting the importation of slaves, smuggling continued as late as the 1850s.

Slave religion was primarily a form of

Christianity

True or false: Cotton production in the South began in Louisiana and Texas and rapidly spread eastward.

False

True or false: In the United States, slavery was strictly a southern phenomenon.

False

True or false: Unlike the white population, slaves did not maintain strong family ties.

False

What social effects did slavery have on southerners?

It segregated blacks from whites. It created a unique bond of mutual reliance between masters and slaves. Southern blacks developed a culture different from that of southern whites.

How did the slave labor system affect southern white women?

It threatened their relationships with their husbands, who often had sexual relationships with female slaves. It helped spare them from hard labor.

Which of the following best describes slaves' practice of religion?

It was their own version of Christianity, but black churches were illegal in the South.

Which of the following most accurately describes the North's role in slavery after the importation of slaves was banned by Congress in 1807?

The North indirectly supported slavery because its commerce relied on crops produced by southern slaves.

Which of the following are true regarding the Amistad?

The slaves of the Amistad had no experience with sailing and tried to compel the crew to steer them to their destination. John Quincy Adams argued before the Supreme Court that the slaves of the Amistad should be freed.

True or false: In the antebellum period, only a very small minority of southern whites owned slaves.

True

How did the shift of slave labor to the cotton states affect planters in the upper South?

They began selling their slaves to cotton plantations to compensate for their crops' decline in value.

How did most destitute southern whites make their living?

They mostly foraged or hunted but were often malnourished.

Which of the following were the case with the poorest white southerners, referred to by some as "poor white trash"?

They often suffered from dietary deficiencies and diseases such as pellagra, hookworm, and malaria. Wealthier whites sometimes called them "clay eaters."

Which of the following best describes the position of female slaves?

They often were separated from their husbands and fathers.

Which of the following best explains how slaves expressed their attitudes toward slavery while the masters were watching?

They sang religious songs that often drew upon themes of freedom and salvation.

Which of the following statements about the lives of female slaves who served as household servants are true?

They were often the subject of unwanted sexual attention from white men. They often received vindictive treatment from white plantation mistresses.

Why did the most destitute of white southerners still support the plantation system and slavery?

They were so poor that they had little strength to protest. They believed in their racial supremacy over black slaves

Which of the following most helps to describe the animosity that many "hill people" had for the planter aristocracy?

They were unconnected to the cotton economy.

Why did tobacco cultivation move westward in the 1830s?

Tobacco farming had exhausted the land, so farmers had to switch to other crops.

The lives of slaves in the city differed from the lives of their plantation counterparts in which of the following ways?

Urban slaves had more freedom to move about during the day. Urban slaves had more contact with free blacks and lower-class whites.

Which of the following best describes why wealthy southerners invested little capital in manufacturing?

Wealthy southerners had much of their capital tied up in their land.

Which of the following was part of the slave codes?

Whites could not teach slaves to read or write.

The "Sambo" pattern of slave behavior was

a charade put on by blacks in the presence of whites.

Which of the following most likely characterizes the dominant response of African Americans to slavery?

a combination of adaptation and resistance

In 1839 a group of slaves in Cuba took over a ship, the

amistad

Which of the following best describes how members of the white southern upper class viewed themselves?

as true aristocrats, much like those in the Old World

Which musical instrument, often made by African Americans out of whatever materials were at hand, became particularly important to slave music?

banjo

Which of the following contributed to the slow development of industry in the South?

booming agricultural expansion inadequate transportation system

Under the southern states' slave codes, slaves were prohibited from doing which of the following?

carrying firearms leaving their master's premises without permission striking a white person, even in self-defense

less physically-backbreaking labor access to leftovers from the master's table

carrying firearms leaving their master's premises without permission striking a white person, even in self-defense

Which of the following represents traditional values that motivated southerners to avoid such "coarse" occupations as trade and commerce?

chivalry

What technological development made the large-scale cultivation of short-staple cotton possible?

cotton gin

is the two-word term used for the lower South that refers specifically to the economy and culture built on cotton production.

cotton kingdom

When white southerners referred to slavery as the "peculiar institution," they usually meant that it was

distinctive and special.

The most widespread method slaves used to defy their masters was

everyday forms of resistance, such as refusing to work hard.

Southern whites who did not own slaves were linked to the plantation economy by which of the following?

family ties dependence on plantation owners for access to cotton gins regional loyalty

Yeoman farmers

farmed their own soil without slave labor.

Although some slaves were able to buy their freedom in the early 1830s, most could not, because

few masters were willing to allow it.

Which of the following was a major stimulus of the the cotton economy in the American South?

growing demand in Britain

What were the most common ways for slaves to obtain their freedom?

slaves finding a way to earn their own money, then using it to buy their freedom masters including a provision in their wills to free their slaves when the master died masters setting their slaves free because they believed slavery was morally wrong

The majority of students attending the South's several hundred colleges and universities were

sons of wealthy planters.

Slavery began to slowly die out in the North after

the American Revolution.

What was the second middle passage?

the forced movement of slaves within the United States

Childrearing was a particular burden for southern white women because

the rate of infant mortality was significantly higher than elsewhere.

What factors may have stymied industrial development in the South?

the southern culture the southern climate the booming agricultural economy

Africans in America expressed both their religious faith and their hopes for freedom in a type of song called

the spiritual.

Many white southerners did not own slaves but still accepted the aristocratic plantation system because

they were tied to the system through their families, the local economy, and regional loyalty.

Cotton represented about ______ of the total export trade of the United States by the time of the Civil War.

two-thirds

The development of short-staple cotton farming was important because, compared to long-staple cotton, it

was hardier and could be grown in a variety of climates and soils.

Before the Civil War, the principal means of transporting goods in the South was

water

One reason that nonslaveholding whites living amid the plantation system accepted slavery was that they

were often closely related to the wealthier planters who did own slaves.

Urban slaves often had more freedom than rural slaves because urban slaves

were often hired out to work as day laborers.

The few female "academies" in the South focused on training women to be

wives.

In the 1850s, most white southerners were

yeoman farmers.