Hist Exam 2 Study Questions
39. The first director of the National Forest Service was A. Gifford Pinchot. B. William Howard Taft. C. John Muir. D. Richard Ballinger. E. Louis Glavis.
A. Gifford Pinchot.
1. While progressivism has many meanings, it tended to be based on the central assumption that A. American society was capable of improvement. B. Social Darwinism could create social order and stability. C. urbanization was harmful to the United States. D. the laissez-faire philosophy should be embraced in American politics. E. individual rights should be expanded as widely as possible.
A. American society was capable of improvement.
20. The recall and direct primary were progressive era political reforms designed to weaken A. the federal government. B. political parties. C. state governors. D. state legislatures. E. the courts.
B. political parties.
5. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the "Social Gospel" was A. a reform movement guided by the American Catholic Church. B. first described by Andrew Carnegie. C. an effort to make religious faith a tool of social reform. D. intended to offer spiritual, not material, assistance to the poor. E. a belief that God had chosen the rich to be rich and the poor to be poor.
C. an effort to make religious faith a tool of social reform.
32. During the progressive era, the acknowledged leader of American socialism was A. Lincoln Steffens. B. William Haywood. C. Florence Kelley. D. Eugene V. Debs. E. A. Mitchell Palmer.
D. Eugene V. Debs.
25. During the progressive era, W. E. B. Du Bois asserted all the following EXCEPT that A. Booker T. Washington's ideas were unnecessarily limiting to blacks. B. talented blacks should accept nothing less than a full university education. C. blacks should fight for immediate civil rights. D. the principal tool for gaining civil rights was to elect blacks to public office. E. blacks should aspire to the professions.
D. the principal tool for gaining civil rights was to elect blacks to public office.
11. During the progressive era, the "new woman" was a product of A. a lower birth rate. B. the movement to work outside the home. C. increased schooling for children. D. higher levels of education. E. All these answers are correct.
E. All these answers are correct.
16. Prior to the adoption of the secret ballot, voter ballots were printed and distributed by A. the political parties. B. the federal government. C. private contractors. D. state governments. E. philanthropic organizations.
A. the political parties.
9. In 1901, one of the first professions to organize on a national level was in the field of A. medicine. B. business. C. education. D. agriculture. E. law.
A. medicine.
33. During the early twentieth century, the Industrial Workers of the World A. advocated a single union for all workers. B. was dominated by anarchists. C. emphasized education for the working class. D. rejected the economic principles of both capitalism and Marxism. E. was a more violent organization than the public recognized at the time.
A. advocated a single union for all workers.
49. The 1916 Keating-Owen Act was the first federal law regulating A. child labor. B. industrial safety. C. tenant agriculture. D. the garment industry. E. information about contraceptives.
A. child labor.
1. In the 1890s, the interest in American expansion overseas was motivated in part by A. fears that domestic natural resources would soon be in limited supply. B. economic prosperity in the 1890s. C. a belief that the United States was dangerously overpopulated. D. the notion that European influence in the world was subsiding. E. a desire to calm labor unrest at home by focusing on foreign policy.
A. fears that domestic natural resources would soon be in limited supply.
28. Between 1914 and 1919, the temperance movement A. gained momentum as a result of World War I. B. was opposed by most conservative Christians. C. saw the Women's Christian Temperance Union peak at 125,000 members. D. resulted in the unanimous passage by states of the Eighteenth Amendment. E. gained the support of most Catholic immigrants.
A. gained momentum as a result of World War I.
44. In 1910, in Osawatomie, Kansas, Theodore Roosevelt announced a set of political principles that called for A. greater activism by the federal government. B. limiting the authority of President William H. Taft. C. an end to legal racial discrimination. D. equal pay for male and female workers who performed the same jobs. E. a return to the laissez-faire policies of his two administrations.
A. greater activism by the federal government.
47. In 1913, to offset the loss of revenues from other legislation, Congress A. passed a graduated income tax. B. decided to inflate the currency. C. increased business regulatory fees. D. raised the tariff on agricultural goods. E. passed heavy excise taxes on alcohol and tobacco.
A. passed a graduated income tax.
23. During the progressive era, political "interest groups" A. rose to replace the declining power centers of the parties. B. were attacked by progressive reformers. C. gradually became less powerful as time went on. D. were attacked by progressive reformers and gradually became less powerful as time went on. E. All these answers are correct.
A. rose to replace the declining power centers of the parties.
12. The term "Boston marriage" refers to A. two women who lived together. B. an unmarried man and woman who lived together. C. the marriage of a woman who had become pregnant. D. a married man with a mistress. E. a marriage lasting less than two years.
A. two women who lived together.
41. In the election of 1908, William Howard Taft A. was hand-picked by Theodore Roosevelt to succeed him. B. narrowly defeated his opponent, William Jennings Bryan. C. was opposed by progressives and conservatives. D. had a public image very much like that of Theodore Roosevelt. E. decisively defeated his Republican opponent in the general election.
A. was hand-picked by Theodore Roosevelt to succeed him.
27. The Women's Christian Temperance Union A. was, at one time, the largest women's organization in American history. B. called for an end to saloons, not for a full prohibition on alcoholic beverages. C. was later replaced by the Anti-Saloon League. D. was headed by a male president. E. was founded during the progressive era.
A. was, at one time, the largest women's organization in American history.
43. In 1909, a controversy involving Richard Ballinger and Gifford Pinchot saw A. President William H. Taft fire Ballinger due to a conflict of interest. B. President William H. Taft fire Pinchot for insubordination. C. conservative Republicans turn against President Taft. D. progressives come to oppose Pinchot. E. former supporters of Roosevelt rally behind Taft.
B. President William H. Taft fire Pinchot for insubordination.
8. Regarding organizing the professions during the progressive era, A. most professions attempted to expand the ranks of Americans in their fields. B. by 1916 all states had established professional bar associations. C. the medical field remained largely unorganized. D. there was little organized activity in rural America. E. state and local governments generally impeded attempts to professionalize.
B. by 1916 all states had established professional bar associations.
22. During the progressive era, the power of the political parties A. declined, while voter turnout increased. B. declined, as did voter turnout. C. increased, as did voter turnout. D. increased, while voter turnout declined. E. stayed basically the same, as did voter turnout.
B. declined, as did voter turnout.
45. The 1912 presidential election was an ideological contest between A. conservatives and reformers. B. different types of progressivism. C. the "New Freedom" and the "New Nationalism." D. both different types of progressivism, and the "New Freedom" 'and "New Nationalism." E. All these answers are correct.
B. different types of progressivism.
31. During the progressive era, the Socialist Party of America A. grew weaker. B. grew stronger. C. renamed itself the Progressive Party. D. virtually disappeared. E. continued as it had in the past.
B. grew stronger.
34. During Theodore Roosevelt's first three years as president, A. he was a champion of labor unions. B. he made the breaking up of business combinations his highest priority. C. he desired to win for government the power to investigate corporate activities. D. his primary accomplishment was to reform the meatpacking industry. E. he deeply antagonized the conservative Old Guard wing of his party.
B. he made the breaking up of business combinations his highest priority.
18. During the progressive era, reformers of city government frequently tried to A. require city council members to run by district rather than at-large. B. hire professionally trained business managers or engineers as city managers. C. make all city government positions appointive. D. strengthen the power of city councils at the expense of mayors. E. move city elections to presidential years in order to increase turnout.
B. hire professionally trained business managers or engineers as city managers.
7. Thorstein Veblen argued that A. only the wealthy leisure class had adequate time and money to help the needy. B. modern societies should rely on a handful of experts to solve their social problems. C. true social reform would only occur if the nation's wealth were redistributed. D. the leaders of corporations were the natural choice to create social reform. E. the philanthropy of industrial tycoons had subverted the natural workings of society.
B. modern societies should rely on a handful of experts to solve their social problems.
13. In regards to divorce in the United States during the progressive era, by 1916 A. the majority of divorces were initiated by men. B. more than ten percent of all marriages ended in divorce. C. the rate of divorce rate declined. D. nearly all states did not allow divorce. E. women began gaining the right to divorce in many states.
B. more than ten percent of all marriages ended in divorce.
46. In his political program known as the "New Freedom," Woodrow Wilson believed trusts A. needed to be tightly regulated by the federal government. B. should be destroyed. C. should exist only if they benefited the middle class. D. should have the right to expand. E. should exist only if they recognized labor's right to organize.
B. should be destroyed.
3. At the turn of the twentieth century, Lincoln Steffens wrote extensively of the need to reform A. the "yellow press." B. urban politics. C. the railroad corporations. D. the meatpacking industry. E. the federal bureaucracy.
B. urban politics.
14. During the progressive era, supporters of woman suffrage argued that female voters A. would end future political scandals. B. would ensure fair elections. C. deserved the vote because of their unique traits as women. D. were unlikely ever to vote for a woman running for national office. E. would help to defeat the growing movement for temperance.
C. deserved the vote because of their unique traits as women.
6. At the turn of the twentieth century, leaders in the settlement house movement tended to be A. first-generation immigrants. B. from the lower class. C. female. D. Catholic. E. uneducated.
C. female.
40. Theodore Roosevelt did not run for another term as president in 1908 because A. the Constitution prevented him from doing so. B. he had lost much of his public popularity. C. in 1904 he had promised not to run again. D. he was denied the nomination of his party. E. he felt he had accomplished everything he wanted to do as president.
C. in 1904 he had promised not to run again.
17. During the progressive era, one of the first targets for political reformers was A. Congress. B. state governments. C. municipal governments. D. the judicial system. E. the federal bureaucracy.
C. municipal governments.
42. The Payne-Aldrich Tariff of 1909 A. fulfilled a campaign promise President William H. Taft had made to Theodore Roosevelt. B. sharply lowered tariffs. C. resulted in President William H. Taft losing favor with progressives. D. resulted in a sudden decline in the national economy. E. was passed only after Taft pressured the congressional Old Guard to support the bill.
C. resulted in President William H. Taft losing favor with progressives.
10. Regarding women and the professions during the progressive era, A. almost no women were able to have professional careers. B. the majority of professional women were nurses. C. social work was generally thought to be an appropriate career for women. D. educated black women were barred from all professional opportunities. E. women were forced out of nursing as the occupation gained distinction.
C. social work was generally thought to be an appropriate career for women.
4. In 1904, Ida Tarbell published a highly critical study of A. the Carnegie Steel Company. B. child industrial labor. C. urban "boss rule." D. the Standard Oil trust. E. Congress.
C. urban "boss rule."
48. A major reform of American banking was achieved in 1913 with passage of the A. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. B. Economy Act. C. Federal Securities Act. D. Federal Reserve Act. E. Currency Act.
D. Federal Reserve Act.
15. In the years prior to the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment, A. a large majority of states gave some voting rights to women. B. many states gave full voting rights to women. C. New York, Michigan, Illinois, and California all granted women the right to vote. D. a large majority of states gave some voting rights to women, including New York, Michigan, Illinois, and California. E. All these answers are correct.
D. a large majority of states gave some voting rights to women, including New York, Michigan, Illinois, and California.
29. Regarding the immigrant population in the United States, progressive reformers A. supported limiting the number of new arrivals. B. favored quickly assimilating new arrivals into American society. C. argued that the growing immigration population had created social problems. D. both supported limiting the number of new arrivals, and argued that the growing immigration population had created social problems. E. All these answers are correct.
D. both supported limiting the number of new arrivals, and argued that the growing immigration population had created social problems.
38. When it came to environmental issues, Theodore Roosevelt A. helped establish the federal government's role in managing the nation's wilderness. B. was the first American president to take an active interest in environmental conservation. C. restricted private development on millions of acres of undeveloped government land. D. both was the first American president to take an active interest in environmental conservation and helped establish the federal government's role in managing the nation's wilderness. E. All these answers are correct.
D. both was the first American president to take an active interest in environmental conservation and helped establish the federal government's role in managing the nation's wilderness.
35. In the 1902 strike by the United Mine Workers, President Theodore Roosevelt A. sided with the miners. B. sided with the mine owners. C. ordered in federal troops to keep the peace. D. ordered federal arbitration. E. ordered in federal troops to break the strike.
D. ordered federal arbitration.
19. The initiative and referendum were progressive-era political reforms designed to weaken the power of A. the federal government. B. political parties. C. state governors. D. state legislatures. E. the courts.
D. state legislatures.
24. In the aftermath of the 1911 Triangle Shirtwaist fire in New York City, A. New York state banned factories from employing women under the age of sixteen. B. factories taller than ten stories could only use the upper floors as storage of materials. C. few true reforms of industry were made. D. strict regulations were imposed on factory owners. E. Tammany Democrats attempted to thwart the New York state commission examining the fire.
D. strict regulations were imposed on factory owners.
26. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People A. was an exclusively black organization. B. was a competitor organization to the Niagara Movement. C. tried to defend Booker T. Washington's ideas from W. E. B. Du Bois's attacks. D. was both an exclusively black organization and a competitor organization to the Niagara Movement. E. None of these answers is correct.
D. was both an exclusively black organization and a competitor organization to the Niagara Movement.
2. The term "muckrakers" referred to A. western progressives. B. Social Darwinists. C. socialists. D. critics of imperialism. E. journalists.
E. journalists.
30. In the early twentieth century, the theory of eugenics A. contended that inequalities between humans were rooted in education. B. aimed to subvert and oppose the rising tide of nativism. C. were exposed by a federal commission as a fraudulent science. D. asserted that the root of many urban problems was overcrowded cities. E. supported the restriction of immigration by nationality.
E. supported the restriction of immigration by nationality.
36. All of the following legislation was passed during Theodore Roosevelt's administration EXCEPT A. the Meat Inspection Act. B. the Pure Food and Drug Act. C. the Hepburn Railroad Regulation Act. D. the National Reclamation Act. E. the Interstate Commerce Act.
E. the Interstate Commerce Act.
21. As governor of Wisconsin, the progressive reformer Robert La Follette helped win approval for A. campaign finance reform. B. mandatory health insurance. C. a repeal of the income tax. D. employee profit sharing in large corporations. E. the direct primary, initiative, and referendum.
E. the direct primary, initiative, and referendum.
