HIST2620 CH26

Tom Wolfe dubbed the 1970s, a time in which "lifestyle" emerged in depoliticized form, the

"Me Decade."

What was the name for the plan by which President Nixon gradually drew down the number of American troops in Vietnam, saying they would be replaced by South Vietnamese soldiers?

"Vietnamization"

Prior to taking office, Jimmy Carter achieved all of the following except

. holding a federal office.

In this 1986 Supreme Court decision, the Court upheld the constitutionality of state laws outlawing homosexual acts.

Bowers v. Hardwick

Which of the following was not a major theme raised by critics of Reagan's presidency?

He appeared more interested in safeguarding the environment than in safeguarding the nation from communism.

What was the 1979 organization created by Virginia minister Jerry Falwell, devoted to waging a "war against sin" and electing "pro-life, pro-family, pro-America" candidates?

Moral Majority

A major initiative of the Carter administration was the

Panama Canal treaty.

QUESTION 57 What was the 1978 Supreme Court decision that rejected the idea of fixed affirmative action quotas, but allowed that race could be used as one factor among many in admissions decisions?

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke

The first divorced man to run for president was

Ronald Reagan.

This Reagan-appointed Supreme Court justice was the first female member of the Court.

Sandra Day O'Connor

Nixon was the first American president to visit the Soviet Union, wherein he engaged in negotiations for increased trade and arms-control treaties called

Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT).

As a result of this 1971 Supreme Court case, judges throughout the country ordered the use of busing as a tool to achieve school integration.

Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education

This piece of legislation reduced the tax rate on the wealthiest Americans to 28 percent, a sharp retreat from the idea that the wealthy should pay a higher percentage of their income in taxes than other citizens.

Tax Reform Act

Which was not a reason that Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) rolls expanded rapidly during the 1960s?

The federal government tripled AFDC payments to individual recipients.

In 1979 there was a near-fatal accident at a nuclear power plant, which released a large amount of radioactive steam into the atmosphere at

Three Mile Island.

In Nixon's first three years in office, the proportion of southern black students attending integrated schools

decreased initially, but steadily climbed by the third year.

President Richard Nixon sought to replace the polarized and hostile relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union with a new era of "peaceful coexistence" called

détente.

From 1973 to 1993, real wages

essentially did not rise.

As president, Carter appointed fewer blacks to important positions than had Nixon. True

false

Both foreign policy "realists" and conservative Cold Warriors applauded President Jimmy Carter's emphasis on human rights

false

By the end of President Reagan's two terms in office, American conservatism was a spent force as all its goals had been completely fulfilled.

false

By the end of the 1970s, the civil rights and sexual revolutions produced resentments that promoted the Democratic coalition.

false

By the mid-1990s, the richest 1 percent of Americans owned only 10 percent of the nation's wealth, half their share twenty years earlier.

false

In 1972, Congress cut down Title IX, which attempted to ban gender discrimination in higher education.

false

It is a myth that U.S. soldiers killed 350 South Vietnamese civilians in the My Lai massacre of 1968.

false

QUESTION 35 Like a strong majority of women across the United States, Phyllis Schlafly was an adamant supporter of the Equal Rights Amendment, which was designed to remove the legal ability to discriminate "on account of sex."

false

The Senate's Church Committee concluded that many of America's problems would be solved if people would attend church more frequently.

false

The economy of the 1970s moved from stagflation to affluence, increasing the appeal of the conservative argument that government regulation raised business costs and eliminated jobs.

false

The number of workers employed in the manufacturing sector of the U.S. economy rose sharply during the 1970s.

false

Upon entering office, President Nixon surprised many people by calling a rapid halt to American military involvement in Vietnam.

false

The movement to reverse the 1973 Roe v. Wade decision was supported by all of the following except

feminists.

In August 1981, the union of air traffic controllers began a strike in violation of federal law, creating a potentially hazardous travel situation. Reagan's response was to

fire all the union strikers, replacing them with the military.

In Reagan's second term, his relationship with Soviet premier Mikhail Gorbachev

improved slightly, but Reagan maintained his comments about the Soviet Union as an "evil empire."

In Ford's "Whip Inflation Now" campaign,

inflation fell but joblessness continued to rise.

The Iranian revolution deeply impacted the public's view of Carter's administration. After hostages were taken captive in Tehran, they were finally released

on Carter's last day as president.

"Stagflation" refers to

stagnant economic growth and high inflation.

All of the following developments undermined the public faith in the effectiveness of the federal government except

the Camp David agreement.

In 1971, the New York Times began publishing this classified report prepared by the Defense Department that traced American involvement in Vietnam back to World War II and revealed how successive presidents had misled the American people about it.

the Pentagon Papers

During the second half of the 1960s and the 1970s, conservative Christianity increasingly aligned with

the Republican Party.

Carter's actions in Afghanistan had unforeseen consequences, including the rise to power by this group

the Taliban.

In 1973, long lines of cars appeared at American gas stations, which either ran out of fuel or limited how much a customer could buy as a result of

the oil embargo.

"Neoconservatives" came to believe that well-intentioned government social programs did more harm than good. In many cases, welfare, for example, not only failed to allevia

true

By 1970, African-Americans accounted for nearly 50 percent of all welfare recipients.

true

By 1979, there were thousands of local gay rights groups across the United States. True

true

By the 1990s, public schools in the North were considerably more segregated than those in the South.

true

By the mid-1970s—in consequence of women's changing aspirations and the availability of birth control and legal abortions—the American birthrate declined dramatically.

true

Due to both Agnew and Nixon leaving office before their terms ended, Gerald Ford and Nelson Rockefeller together served as the only persons holding the office of president and vice president (respectively) for whom no one had actually voted.

true

During the 1970s, the divorce rate soared; by 1975, it was twice what it had been a decade earlier.

true

For the only time in the twentieth century, other than the 1930s, the average American ended the 1970s poorer than when the decade began.

true

In 1960, only 20 percent of women with young children had been in the workforce; the figure reached 55 percent in 1990.

true

In 1968, a "backlash" among formerly Republican voters against both black assertiveness and antiwar demonstrations helped to propel Richard Nixon into the White House.

true

In 1978, California voters approved Proposition 13, which banned further increases in property taxes but reduced funds for schools, libraries, and other public services.

true

In the spring of 1970, more than 350 colleges and universities experienced student strikes, and troops occupied twenty-one campuses in protest over the Vietnam War.

true

Many whites came to view affirmative action programs as a form of reverse discrimination.

true

President Nixon and Secretary of State Henry Kissinger continued President Lyndon Johnson's policy of attempting to undermine Third World governments deemed dangerous to American strategic or economic interests.

true

President Nixon resigned the office of the presidency in 1974, in the wake of the Watergate scandal and cover-up.

true

The Reagan administration conducted a massive expansion of military spending during the 1980s.

true

The Vietnam War was a military, political, and social disaster, and the only war the United States has ever lost.

true

The controversy over Roe v. Wade was a political hotbed that affected a range of issues from battles over nominees to judicial positions, and led to demonstrations at family-planning and abortion clinics.

true

Upon entering office, President Nixon accepted and even expanded many elements of Lyndon Johnson's Great Society program.

true

The first woman nominated for vice president by a major party was

Geraldine Ferraro.