HIST2620 Chapter 23

The Cold War suddenly turned hot in June 1950 in these regions.

North Korea and South Korea

Two outspoken critics of the domestic anticommunist crusade were

Paul Robeson and W. E. B. Du Bois.

"Dixiecrats" nominated Hubert Humphrey for president in 1948.

false

This person assumed the presidency after Roosevelt's death in April 1945.

Harry S. Truman

What was the 1947 law that sought to reverse gains made by organized labor in the preceding decade, and authorized the president to suspend strikes by ordering an eighty-day cooling-off period, banned sympathy strikes and secondary boycotts, outlawed the closed shop, and authorized states to pass "right to work" laws?

the Taft-Hartley Act

Which of the following was not a step toward racial equality in postwar America?

the defeat of Operation Dixie

The United Nations committee that drafted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was led by

Eleanor Roosevelt.

In the context of postwar civil rights, what baseball player joined the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1947, challenging the longstanding exclusion of black players from Major League Baseball?

Jackie Robinson

Which was not a development of 1949?

The Soviets formalized their own eastern European alliance, the Warsaw Pact.

While there were four main competitors for the office of the presidency in 1948, Truman's main rival was

Thomas A. Dewey.

Jackson Pollock's paintings were viewed as communistic by the CIA and defunded.

false

American officials used anticommunist sentiment to investigate political dissenters and to otherwise widen their powers.

true

As part of the Soviet Union's one-party rule, Stalin consolidated a brutal dictatorship that jailed or murdered millions of Soviet citizens after World War II.

true

As part of the cultural Cold War, the CIA secretly funded an array of overseas publications, conferences, publishing houses, concerts, art exhibits, and jazz performances.

true

By 1949, the world's largest country measured by land area (the Soviet Union), and the world's largest country by population (China) were both communist.

true

By the early 1950s, state and local laws banning discrimination in employment and housing remained largely unenforced.

true

In 1947 an exhibition of historical documents traveled across the country on what was called the Freedom Train. While the exhibit showcased in many cities, two exceptions were Memphis, Tennessee, and Birmingham, Alabama, as both cities insisted on separate viewings of the exhibit by race, a demand of which the organizers of the Freedom Train would not agree.

true

In 1947, the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) launched hearings into communist influence in Hollywood, and, in consequence, actors, directors, and screenwriters were blacklisted or jailed.

true

In July 1948, President Harry S. Truman issued an executive order desegregating the armed forces.

true

In many ways, the Cold War both reshaped immigration and promoted the rapid expansion of higher education.

true

In the atmosphere of the Cold War, the United States tended to define "human rights" in terms of political liberty, while the Soviet Union emphasized social and economic entitlements.

true

In the context of the Cold War, no matter how repressive a nation was, so long as it supported the United States it was counted as a member of the Free World.

true

During much of the Cold War, this agency funded the Museum of Modern Art in New York

Central Intelligence Agency

Who was the person who sent the Long Telegram from Moscow in 1946 that lay the foundation for what became known as the policy of "containment"?

George F. Kennan

Who was the U.S. senator from Wisconsin who announced in February 1950 that he had a list of Communists working for the State Department, and whose name later entered the political vocabulary as shorthand for character assassination, guilt by association, and abuse of power in the name of anticommunism?

Joseph R. McCarthy

In 1951, a jury convicted this couple of conspiracy to pass secrets concerning the atomic bomb to Soviet agents during World War II.

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg

This legislation authorized the deportation of immigrants identified as communists, even if they had become citizens.

McCarran-Walter Act of 1952

At the nationally televised Army-McCarthy hearings in 1954, it was revealed that

McCarthy was a bully who browbeat witnesses and made sweeping accusations with no basis in fact.

What was the name of the American Federation of Labor (AFL) and Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) campaign to bring unionization to the South, by which more than 200 labor organizations entered the region in an effort to organize workers?

Operation Dixie

Which is not true of the Korean War (1950-1953)?

President Truman acknowledged and accepted General MacArthur's push toward the Chinese border and his threat to use nuclear weapons against the Chinese.

The young California congressman who first gained national prominence through his membership on the House Un-American Activities Committee was

Richard Nixon

The "Dixiecrat" presidential ticket of 1948 was led by

Strom Thurmond.

In June 1948, when the United States, Britain, and France introduced a separate currency in their zones of control in the city of Berlin, the Soviet Union responded with

The Berlin blockage

The Truman Doctrine in March 1947

asserted that the United States, as the leader of the "free world," must take up responsibility for supporting "freedom-loving peoples" wherever communism threatened them.

Alger Hiss, an editor at Time magazine, accused Whittaker Chambers, a high-ranking State Department official, of giving him secret government documents to pass along to the Soviet Union.

false

Although the United States was instrumental in the rebuilding of German industry, it did not significantly contribute to similar efforts in Japan.

false

Despite their initial efforts, the United Nations was never fully interested in worldwide civil rights and political liberties.

false

In Dennis v. United States, the Supreme Court ruled that the imprisonment of Communist leaders violated the right of free expression.

false

President Harry Truman was defeated by Thomas Dewey in the election of 1948.

false

The 1946 congressional elections marked a resounding triumph for Truman's Fair Deal program.

false

The formal peace treaty ending the Korean War was the Peace of Paris of 1953.

false

The term "iron curtain" was coined by President Harry Truman.

false

Under the Truman Doctrine, only those governments that respected the democratic rights of citizens and the sovereignty of other peoples could expect friendship and support from the United States.

false

The Truman administration responded to the Soviet blockade of West Berlin by

leading efforts to break the blockade by airlifting supplies to the city.

In 1949, the containment policy suffered a major setback in the form of

the "loss" of China to communism.

President Harry S. Truman's program that focused on improving the social safety net and raising the standard of living of ordinary Americans—calling on Congress to increase the middle wage, enact a program of national health insurance, and expand public housing, Social Security, and aid to education—was

the Fair Deal.

The House Un-American Activities Committee charged these people with contempt of Congress, serving jail terms of six months to a year.

the Hollywood Ten

The June 1947 United States foreign policy initiative that envisioned a New Deal for Europe, and pledged billions of dollars to finance European economic recovery was

the Marshall Plan.

The Marshall Plan, proposed by Secretary of State George C. Marshall, suggested

the United States should contribute billions of dollars to finance the economic recovery of Europe.

The 1948 United Nations-approved document that called for a range of rights to be enjoyed by people everywhere, including freedom of speech and religion, as well as social and economic entitlements, including the right to an adequate standard of living, access to adequate housing, education, and medical care was called

the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

"Containment" in the context of post-World War II international diplomacy on the part of the United States referred to

the policy by which the United States committed itself to preventing any further expansion of Soviet power.

Republicans swept the congressional elections of 1946 to control both houses of Congress for the first time since the 1920s.

true

The Democratic Party platform of 1948 was the most progressive in the party's history.

true

The Marshall Plan proved to be one of the most successful foreign aid programs in history.

true

The U.S. government conducted an anti-gay campaign at the very time that gay men enjoyed a powerful presence in realms of culture and commercial life being promoted as expressions of American freedoms.

true

The United States emerged from World War II as the world's greatest power; it had the world's most powerful navy and air force and accounted for half the world's manufacturing capacity.

true

The first confrontation of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union occurred in the Middle East, in Iran.

true

The term "totalitarianism" originated in Europe between World War I and World War II to describe aggressive, ideologically driven states that sought to subdue all civil society, including churches, unions, and other voluntary associations.

true

While the anticommunist hysteria of the postwar years came to be known as "McCarthyism," it arose well before Senator Joseph McCarthy entered the scene.

true

The Taft-Hartley Act of 1947

withdrew bargaining rights and legal protection form unions whose leaders failed to swear that they were not communists.