History 102 Test 2

Between 1894 and 1896, the Ottoman sultan armed Kurdish tribal units, which massacred thousands of _______ villagers.

Armenian

The first Amerindian to accede to the office of President of Mexico was:

Benito Juárez

Two major political parties rose to prominence in Japan by the turn of the turn of the twentieth century, the Kenseito, or Liberal, Party (later re-established as the Minseito), and the more powerful Seiyukai, or _________.

Constitutional Government Party

Among other measures, the system proposed by Sergei Witte:

Converted to the gold standard in order to stabilize the currency.

Sultan Abdülhamit used the Russian-Ottoman War of 1877-1878 as an excuse to:

Dismiss the Ottoman Parliament and rule by decree.

Reformers in Ottoman Empire introduced a system of "life lease" for taxation in the 18th century, mirroring developments that were taking place in the taxation system of _______.

France

In 1899, _________, the US Secretary of State, circulated a note suggesting that all powers remain committed to an "open door" to trade in China.

John Hay

The war between China and Japan over control of _________ graphically exposed the problems of China's self-strengthening efforts.

Korea

Political instability remained a problem, coming into a wider conflict in the _______________ of 1864-70, the bloodiest inter-state war in Latin American history, with about 450,000 dead by its end.

Paraguayan War

The move toward independence in Mexico was foremost controlled by the landowning __________.

creoles

Until that point, ____________ in the Mediterranean was a condoned, officially sanctioned activity. European states employed the practice to maintain a balance of power and regulate competition against any budding commercial powers. For their part, the Barbary States used _________ to finance their institutions of government.

not trading

The culmination of the trend to incorporate Western models into the Japanese _____________ was Natsume Soseki's Kokoro (1914).

novel

In 1899, at the behest of United States Secretary of State, European powers were persuaded to refrain from securing exclusive concessions and, instead, to maintain a(n) _________ policy for all.

open door

Despite many diverging interests, Argentina and Brazil were allies in the Paraguayan War of 1864-1870...

to maintain the traditional policy of keeping Paraguay and Uruguay weak.