History 12 Final

Douglas Mac Arthur

(FDR), surrender the Phillippines during WWII, He was the supreme allied commander during the Cold War in 1945. After World War II, MacArthur was put in charge of putting Japan back together. In the Korean War, he commanded the United Nations troops. He was later fired by Harry Truman for insubordination.Allied commander and five star general in the U.S. army. He headed the U.S. army in Japan and Korea but was fired by Truman for questioning the actions of his superiors in the midst of the Korean war.

Modern trends of society

-Age expectancy is getting older -more diverse nation -modern electronics takin over -growing middle class of blacks

Counterculture of 1960s

-culture of youth -Hippies -B.C pill--> Sexual Revolution -Music of the generation had a huge influence -Rock n'roll

Post WWII Federal funded projects

-done under eisenhower -Interstate Highway act -The west was benefiting more and receiving more federal spending. -flood control and irrigation

John F. Kennedy Presidency

-very little was done on domestic agenda -civil rights reforms never passed -economic program called New frontier -Foreign policy -Construction of the Berlin Wall -Bay of Pigs (invasion of Cuba) -Cuban missle crisis -helped keep us out of WWIII

Isolationism

1930's before WWII America didnt want to enter another war and offer foreign aid

Gulf War

1991. The U.S. fought against Iraq when they illegally invaded Kuwait. Causes of the War • Iraq wanted to take over Kuwait's oil fields, and wanted access to the Persian Gulf (for oil transport). • Iraq considered Kuwait to be part of their country. • Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein wanted control of the Muslim world. Results of the War • Iraq was defeated, and its army was reduced. • Economic hardship was created for the Iraqi people due to trade sanctions imposed after the war. • Hussein remained in power and rebuilt his forces. • The U.N. cease-fire agreement called for Iraq to allow U.N. inspectors to look for and destroy Iraqi weapons of mass destruction.

Neil Armstrong

1st person to walk on the moon; U.S. Apollo 11; July, 1969; his famous words - "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind."

Pearl Harbor

7:50-10:00 AM, December 7, 1941 - Surprise attack by the Japanese on the main U.S. Pacific Fleet harbored in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii destroyed 18 U.S. ships and 200 aircraft. American losses were 3000, Japanese losses less than 100. In response, the U.S. declared war on Japan and Germany, entering World War II.

Alger Hiss

A former State Department official who was accused of being a Communist spy (giving classified documents to the Soviets) and was convicted of perjury. The case was prosecuted by Richard Nixon.

Camp David Accords

A major accomplishment of the Carter presidency, the CAMP DAVID ACCORDS were signed by Israel's leader, Menachem Begin, and Egypt's leader, Anwar el-Sadat, on Sept. 17,1978, creating a framework for peace in the Middle East. The treaty , however, fell apart when Sadat was assassinated by Islamic fundamentalists in 1981.

Huey Long

A politician from LA, he was Roosevelt's biggest threat. Increased the share of state taxes paid by corporations, and also embarked on public works projects including new schools, highways, bridges, and hospitals; seized almost dictatorial control of the state government; believed that the New Deal was not radical enough.

Rachel Carson

American conservationist whose 1962 book "Silent Spring" galvanized the modern enviornmental movement that gained significant traction in the 1970s

Edwin Aldrin

Apollo third human spaceflight program; JFK's goal: to have a man land on the moon by the end of the 1960's; Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin landed on the moon on June 20th, 1969 with the Lunar Module with the Apollo 11 program

Richard Nixon

Elected President in 1968 and 1972 representing the Republican party. He was responsible for getting the United States out of the Vietnam War by using "Vietnamization", which was the withdrawal of 540,000 troops from South Vietnam for an extended period. He was responsible for the Nixon Doctrine. Was the first President to ever resign, due to the Watergate scandal.

Cesar Chavez

Farm worker, labor leader, and civil-rights activist who helped form the National Farm Workers Association, later the United Farm Workers. He helped to improve conditions for migrant farm workers and unionize them

Federal Highway Act

Federal legislation signed by Dwight D. Eisenhower to construct thousands of miles of modern highways in the name of national defense. Officially called the National Interstate and Defense Highways Act, this bill dramatically increased the move to the suburbs, as white middle-class people could more easily commute to urban jobs. (958)

Korean War

First "hot war" of the Cold war. The Korean War began in 1950 when the Soviet-backed North Koreans invaded South Korea before meeting a counter-offensive by UN Forces, dominated by the United States. The war ended in stalemate in 1953. (938)

UC Berkeley campus riots

Free Speach movement started at UC Berkeley, where students rebelled & overtook administration building, in addition to other protests, the mvmt spread across the nation

Cause of the Great Depression

High demands for consumer goods and agricultural products led to overpopulation Buying on credit increased personal debt Buying on margin was a risky market practice-- Bank loans for stock purchases was an unsound practice The Smoot-Hawley Tariff created trade war worsened world economic conditions Huge increases in taxes hurt companies and individuals

Stonewall Riot

June 1969. Cops try to arrest gays and shut down a bar which leads to a riot and illustrates that gays were going to fight back.

Marshall Plan

Marshall Plan- a U.S. plan, initiated by the Secretary of State George Marshall and implemented from 1948 to 1951, to aid in the economic recovery of Europe after World War II by offering certain European countries substantial funds It offered all European nations, including the Soviet Union, generous funding to rebuild their economies as long as the money was spent on goods made in the United States. The plan appealed to many U.S. leaders. Those who supported it hoped to promote democracy in Europe and oppose the spread of communism, thus reinforcing the Truman Doctrine and the policy of containment. They also wanted to open markets for American goods and further boost the economy of the United States.

Malcolm X

Minister of the Nation of Islam, urged blacks to claim their rights by any means necessary, more radical than other civil rights leaders of the time.

Henry Kissinger

National Security Advisor and Secretary of State during the Nixon Administration, he was responsible for negotiating an end to the Yom Kippur War as well as the Treaty of Paris that led to a ceasefire in Vietnam in 1973

John Glenn

On February 2, 1962, he became the first American to orbit the globe. NASA later introduced the Gemini program, whose specific spacecraft could carry two astronauts at once.

The New Deal

President Franklin Roosevelt's precursor of the modern welfare state (1933-1939); programs to combat economic depression enacted a number of social insureance measures and used government spending to stimulate the economy; increased power of the state and the state's intervention in U.S. social and economic life

The Great Society

President Johnson called his version of the Democratic reform program the Great Society. In 1965, Congress passed many Great Society measures, including Medicare, civil rights legislation, and federal aid to education.

Jimmy Carter

President of the United States who was a peanut farmer and former governor of Georgia, he defeated Gerald Ford in 1976. As President, he arranged the Camp David Accords between Egypt and Israel in 1978 but saw his foreign policy legacy tarnished by the Iranian Revolution and hostage crisis in 1979. Domestically, he tried to rally the American spirit in the face of economic decline, but was unable to stop the rapid increase in inflation. After leaving the presidency, he achieved widespread respect as an elder statesman and won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2002.

1980 Presidential elections

Reagan coelessed all republican aspects to defeat Jimmy Carter. He brought together a lot of different groups that didnt like liberal policies. He knocked Jimmy Carter out of office. Reagan never tried to overturn Roe vs. Wade He spoke elloquently

Joseph McCarthy

Republican senator who accused hundreds of Democrats as being Communists -His philosophy flourished in the seething Cold War atmosphere of suspicion and fear -Red-hunter who was the most ruthless and did the most damage to American traditions of fair play and free speech -Removed from the Senate when he attacked the the US Army

Creation of Suburbs

Resulted as a desperate need for housing arose following the war; Baby boom Levittown= project of 17000 family homes on Long Island, NY.

Japanese internment of WWII

Similar to the Red Scare in WWI, many Americans feared Japanese Americans were a threat to American safety. 110,000 Japanese-Americans were forced into these camps because the US feared that they might act as saboteurs for Japan in case of invasion. The camps deprived the Japanese-Americans of basic rights, and the internees lost hundreds of millions of dollars in property. In the Supreme Court ruling in Korematsu v. U.S. (1944), the Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of the concentration camps.

Brown vs. board of education

Supreme Court decision that overturned the Plessy vs. Ferguson decision (1896); led by Chief Justice Earl Warren, the Court ruled that "separate but equal" schools for blacks were inherently unequal and thus unconstitutional. The decision energized the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s and 1960s.

Invasion of Normandy

The Normandy invasion began with overnight parachute and glider landings, massive air attacks, naval bombardments, and an early morning amphibious phase began on June 6. The "D-Day" forces deployed from bases along the south coast of England, the most important of these being Portsmouth. The Battle of Normandy was one of the most important events in modern history as the Allied Forces broke the back of the Nazi army, hastening the destruction of Nazi Germany, securing the victory of democracy over totalitarianism. Took Germany by surprise

The New Frontier

The campaign program advocated by JFK in the 1960 election. He promised to revitalize the stagnant economy and enact reform legislation in education, health care, and civil rights.

Lee Harvey Oswald

This was the man who assassinated JFK. He was killed, 2 days after being arrested, by Jack Ruby.

Rosa Parks

United States civil rights leader who refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man in Montgomery (Alabama) and so triggered the national civil rights movement (born in 1913)

James Dean

Young actor whose character in the film REBEL WITHOUT A CAUSE inspired many rebellious people of the 1950's

Wounded Knee

a massacre in 1890 that started when Sioux left the reservation in protest because of the death of Sitting Bull. The US army killed 150 sioux at wounded knee; last major incident in the great plains

John Steinbeck

a novelist, story writer, play wright and essayist

Iran Hostage Crisis

diplomatic crisis triggered on Nov 4, 1979, when Iranian protesters seized the US embassy in Tehran and held 66 American diplomats hostage for 444 days. Carter was unable to free the hostages despite several attempts; to many this event symbolized the paralysis of American power in the late 1970's

Frank Captra

director that celebrated simple values and criticized the wealthy and politicians in films like Mr. Deeds Goes to Town and Mr. Smith Goes to Washington

Ronald Regan

first elected president in 1980 and elected again in 1984. He ran on a campaign based on the common man and "populist" ideas. He served as governor of California from 1966-1974, and he participated in the McCarthy Communist scare. Iran released hostages on his Inauguration Day in 1980. While president, he developed Reagannomics, the trickle down effect of government incentives. He cut out many welfare and public works programs. He used the Strategic Defense Initiative to avoid conflict. His meetings with Gorbachev were the first steps to ending the Cold War. He was also responsible for the Iran-contra Affair which bought hostages with guns.

George Wallace

pro-segregation governor of Alabama who ran for pres. in 1968 on American Independent Party ticket of segregation and law and order, loses to Nixon; runs in 1972 but gets shot and is left paralyzed

Lyndon Johnson

signed the civil rights act of 1964 into law and the voting rights act of 1965. he had a war on poverty in his agenda. in an attempt to win, he set a few goals, including the great society, the economic opportunity act, and other programs that provided food stamps and welfare to needy famillies. he also created a department of housing and urban development. his most important legislation was probably medicare and medicaid.

Father Charles Coughlin

the Catholic priest from Michigan Whose anti-New Deal harangues in the 1930's became so anti- Sematic, fascist, and demagogic that he was silenced by his superiors