History 122 Chapter 33- The Great War: The World in Upheaval

Central powers

Triple Alliance- Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy

dreadnoughts

a class of British battleships whose heavy armaments made all other battleships obsolete overnight

Gallipoli

a debacle with long term consequences

Black Hand

terrorist group that was responsible for the assassination of Francis Ferdinand; centered in neighboring Serbia, this organization was dedicated to the unification of all south Slavs, or Yugoslavs, to form a greater Serbia

Balfour Declaration

the British government publicly declared its support for "the establishment in Palestine of a national home for Jewish people"

Armenian genocide

war time atrocities that took many Armenian's lives

battle of Verdun

where the Germans tried to break the deadlock with a huge assault on the fortress of this

influenza pandemic

killed millions of people, with no discrimination, over various countries

Ataturk

"Father of the Turks"

Russian revolution in November 1917

"Ten days that shook the world" is a reference to the (A) Paris settlement of the Great War (B) debacle at Gallipoli (C) German thrust toward Paris in August 1914 (D) Russian revolution in November 1917 (E) days in August leading up to the outbreak of the Great War

Sykes-Picot Treaty

defined the future spheres of influence and control in southwest Asia in the aftermath of their victory in the war

Fourteen Points

recommendations- open covenants (agreements) of peace, openly arrived at; absolute freedom of navigation on the seas in peace and war; the removal of all economic barriers and the establishment of an equality of trade conditions among all nations; adequate guarantees for a reduction in national armaments; adjustments of colonial disputes to give equal weight to the interest of the controlling government and the colonial population; and a call for "a general association of nations"

Twenty-one Demands

reflected Japan's determination to dominate east Asia and served as the basis for future Japanese pressure on China

Vladimir Ilyich Lenin

revolutionary Marxist who was exiled in Switzerland

home front

term made popular in World War I and II for the civilian "front" that was symbolic of the greater demands of total war

League of Nations

the first permanent international security organization whose principal mission was to maintain world peace

western front

trenches that ran from the English Channel to Switzerland

no-man's-land

the deadly territory between opposing trenches

Triple Entente

Allies- Britain, France and Russia

would be led by a small, highly-disciplined party acting on behalf of the workers

Although he called himself a Marxist, Lenin, unlike Marx believed that the revolution (A) would be led by rural peasants, not industrial workers (B) would be led by a small, highly-disciplined party acting on behalf of all of Russia's people (C) would be led by the intelligentsia acting on behalf of all of Russia's people (D) would not succeed until Russian workers were joined by workers all over the world (E) could not succeed if it alienated the church and the military

Britain and France were determined to strip Germany of military power

At the Paris Peace Conference (A) the Allies agreed to let ethnic self-determination set the boundaries of the middle east (B) Britain and France were determined to strip Germany of military power (C) Russia was forced to cede much of Manchuria to Japan (D) Woodrow Wilson gained acceptance of his Fourteen Points (E) all these answers are correct

Ireland

By the end of the nineteenth century, nationalistic movements resulted in independent sovereignty for all of the following EXCEPT (A) Bulgaria (B) Germany (C) Greece (D) Ireland (E) Italy

more fluid, as the German made inroads into Russia

Compared to the western front, fighting on the eastern front was (A) more fluid, as the German made inroads into Russia (B) a deadlock, with German and Austrian troops trapped for months in trenches (C) more encouraging for the Allies, especially on the Balkan peninsula (D) not as deadly, with far fewer casualties (E) over quickly

protect merchant shipping and conduct high-seas battles

Dreadnoughts were designed primarily to (A) be quick and agile and slip through an enemy blockade (B) spy on one's enemies (C) protect merchant shipping and conduct high-seas battles (D) launch underwater attacks with unmanned torpedoes (E) all these answers are correct

deadly territory between opposing trenches

In World War I, "no man's land" was the (A) battle line in eastern Europe and the Balkans (B) deadly territory between opposing trenches (C) killing field around Verdun (D) German route of invasion through Belgium (E) peninsula of Gallipoli

Arabs

In addition to fighting off Allied forces, the Ottoman empire faced insurrection from the (A) Arabs (B) Egyptians (C) Greeks (D) Serbs (E) Turks

Bolshevik

Russian communist party headed by Lenin

a swift knockout of France, combined with defensive action against Russia

The German Schlieffen plan called for (A) a quick invasion of Great Britain and destruction of the British navy (B) a quick invasion of Russian so that the war would only be fought on one front (C) a blockade of France to starve that country into submission (D) a swift knockout of France, combined with defensive action against Russia (E) simultaneous invasions of France, Britain, and Russia with heavy reliance on the navy

his death brought to a head the tensions underlying the alliances in eastern and western Europe

The assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand was the catalyst that started World War I because (A) he had been a unifying force between Serbia and the Austro-Hungarian Empire (B) his death caused Russia to rush to the defense of Austria (C) his death caused Germany to rush to the defense of Serbia (D) his death ended plans for national self-determination within the Austro-Hungarian empire (E) his death brought to a head the tensions underlying the alliances in eastern and western Europe

this British-directed debacle cost the lives of many Canadian, Australian, and New Zealander troops

The battle of Gallipoli was significant in that (A) it sounded the death-knell of the Ottoman empire (B) it demonstrated that the British navy was no match for German dreadnoughts (C) this decisive battle finally broke the statements on the western front (D) this British-directed debacle cost the lives of many Canadian, Australian, and New Zealander troops (E) it demonstrated that, after the arrival of American troops, the Allies would win the war

Germany's resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare against the United States

The key factor in the decision of the U.S. to enter World War I was (A) its long-standing friendship with Great Britain (B) the United States' desire to acquire German colonies in the Pacific (C) American prejudice against German immigrants (D) the political ambition of Woodrow Wilson (E) Germany's resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare against the United States

promised to continue the war to victory

The provisional government lost the support of many Russians because it (A) continued to use the police apparatus of the tsar (B) continued policies that discriminated against minorities (C) denied Russians the right to free speech and free press (D) promised to continue the war to victory (E) launched an all-out attack on the workers' soviets

provide mutual defense and support in case of attack

The purpose of alliances such as the Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente was to (A) create a mutually advantageous free trade association (B) provide mutual defense and support in case of attack (C) cooperatively share resources in African colonies (D) avoid war (E) all these answers are correct

reduce China to the status of a Japanese protectorate

The purpose of the Twenty-One Demands was to (A) demand control of German-held islands in the Pacific (B) reduce China to the status of a Japanese protectorate (C) demand that the British turn over control of Hong Kong (D) reduce Korea to the status of a Japanese protectorate (E) all these answers are correct

all these answers are correct

The rivalry between Germany and Britain up to 1914 included (A) an expensive naval race (B) competition for foreign markets (C) tariff wars (D) competition for colonies in east and southwest Africa (E) all these answers are correct

nuclear submarines

Which of the following was NOT a military technology used in World War I? (A) machine guns (B) armored tanks (C) airplanes (D) poisonous gas (E) nuclear submarines

troops garrisoned in the capital mutinied

Tsar Nicholas II was forced to abdicate when (A) Bolsheviks stormed the Winter Palace (B) an assassination attempt revealed that his family was in danger (C) troops garrisoned in the capital mutinied (D) German forces seized the Ukraine (E) all these answers are correct

women in many countries received the vote in the years after the war

What effect did World War I have on the status of women? (A) the demands of total war actually reduced opportunities for women (B) women engaged in combat for the first time (C) women in many countries received the vote in the years after the war (D) women gained new economic status that continued long after the war (E) all these answers are correct

it was dominated by the countries of Europe

Which of the following statements about the League of Nations is NOT true? (A) it was conceived by Woodrow Wilson (B) it was rejected by the U.S. Congress (C) it was designed to solve international disputes through arbitration (D) it had no power to enforce its decisions (E) it was dominated by the countries of Europe

Paris Peace Conference

Woodrow Wilson forwarded a proposal for just and enduring post war peace settlement

mustard gas

a liquid agent that when exposed to air, turned into a noxious yellow gas, the effects did not appear for some 12 hours following exposure but then rotted the body from within and without

mandate system

a system that Germans interpreted as a division of colonial booty by the victors, who had conveniently forgotten to apply the tutelage provision to their own colonies

self-determinism

belief popular in World War I and after that every people should have the right to determine their own political destiny; the belief was often cited but ignored by the Great Powers

Schlieffen Plan

called for a swift knockout of France, followed by defensive action against Russia

Treaty of Versailles

denied the Germans a navy and an air force and limited the size of the German army to 100,000 troops

Zimmerman telegram

diplomatic proposal for Mexico to join Central Powers in the event of the United States entering WWI on the side of the Triple Entente

Romanov dynasty

ended when Nicholas II abdicated the throne

unrestricted submarine warfare

factor that entered the U.S into WWI

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

gave Germans possession or control of much of Russia's territory and one-quarter of its population

Archduke Francis Ferdinand

heir to Austro-Hungarian empire who was assassinated and was the catalyst for the first world war