History 1301 tjc
Shay's Rebellion was led by: factory workers bankers indebted famers ambitious politicians merchants
indebted famers
By the 17th century, the Indian population of Spain's New World empire had decreased by about:
90%
The immediate consequence of Pontiac's Rebellion resulted in most Americans believing that: A.all Indians must be removed B.they could live in harmony with Native Americans C.they should abandon their forts and move east D.victory against the French was at best a mixed blessing E.Pontiac was too strong to be defeated
A.all Indians must be removed
The purpose of the Coercive Acts was to: A.punish Boston for the Tea Party B.abolish the colonial assemblies C.outlawing any public criticism of British policy D.arrest the leaders of the Sons of Liberty E.made Americans drink more tea
A.punish Boston for the Tea Party
Among the vocal opponents of the Mexican-American War was: Thomas O. Larkin John Slidell John O'Sullivan Abraham Lincoln John Tyler
Abraham Lincoln
Aaron Burr famously killed _____ in a duel because his victim said that Burr was "a dangerous man, and one who ought not be trusted with the reins of government." John Quincy Adams John Adams Thomas Jefferson Thomas Pickering Alexander Hamilton
Alexander Hamilton
Most of the Federalist essays were written by: James Madison Sam Adams Alexander Hamilton Patrick Henry John Jay
Alexander Hamilton
The idea of "Manifest Destiny" claimed that: slavery was the result of divine intervention immediate war against the British would revitalize the American state men were destined to travel the high seas American expansion westward across the continent was sanctioned by God joint British-American occupation of North America would "civilized" the continent
American expansion westward across the continent was sanctioned by God
What effect did Mexico's winning its independence from Spain have on American settlement in the Southwest? American settlers were immediately and forcibly removed from all Mexican territories. The establishment of the new Mexican state made settlement in its territories more difficult. Americans began to flee the former Spanish territories once Mexico gained independence. American settlement and expansion into the former Spanish territories increased after Mexico gained independence. Patterns of American settlement of the former Spanish, now Mexican, territories, remained unchanged.
American settlement and expansion into the former Spanish territories increased after Mexico gained independence.
Pinckney's Treaty resulted in: Spain's withdrawal from Florida American trade access to Spanish New Orleans the right of Americans to settle in Texas American ownership of the Mississippi River expulsion of the Indians from the Southwest
American trade access to Spanish New Orleans
The one thing that united all members of the new Whig party was opposition to: high protective tariffs money backed by gold and silver Andrew Jackson the Bank of the United States internal improvements
Andrew Jackson
Why did slavery become a highly regulated institution? As the enslaved population grew, slave owners felt the need to develop explicit rules and regulations. The Constitution contained that stipulation. The majority of slaves requested it. The Supreme Court mandated it. The slave population was shrinking dramatically in the absence of regulations.
As the enslaved population grew, slave owners felt the need to develop explicit rules and regulations.
The city of Tenochtitlán was founded in 1325 by the:
Aztecs
As a result of the Boston Massacre: A.Americans now quietly pay their taxes B.all but two of the British defendants were acquitted C.dozens of Americans were killed by the British D.Sam Adams defended the British soldiers E.the Sons of Liberty adopted peaceful methods
B.all but two of the British defendants were acquitted
The major objective of the Tea Act of 1773 was to: A. punish American tea importers B.bail out the East India Company C.enrich Lord North and his cronies D.stimulate England's home economy E.reduce tea prices for Americans
B.bail out the East India Company
The French and Indian war was triggered by: A.French anger over English restrictions on trade and shipping B.conflicting French and English claims to the Ohio Valley C.the desire of both sides to pull their economies out of depression D.religious tensions between French Catholics and English Protestants E.the expansionist policies of Louis XIV
B.conflicting French and English claims to the Ohio Valley
Mercantilism involved: A.encouraging colonists to develop manufacturing B.government's attempt to maintain a favorable balance of trade C.allowing Americans the ability to govern themselves D.one of the earliest experiments in socialism E.a commitment to absolute free trade
B.government's attempt to maintain a favorable balance of trade
Which is NOT true of the Olive Branch Petition? A.it was issued by the Continental Congress B.it changed the thinking of George III toward the Americans C.it rejected independence D. it was authored by John Dickinson E.and attempted to reconcile the colonists and the British
B.it changed the thinking of George III toward the Americans
John Locke's contract theory of government argued that: A. kings have a "divine right" to rule their subjects as long as their subjects prosper B.men have certain rights in the state of nature, including the right to life, liberty, and property C.government's chief duty is to wage war against other nations D.the only legitimate government are ones that allow all adults, regardless of sex and race, to vote E.governments were formed when strong men seized the authority as kings to protect natural rights
B.men have certain rights in the state of nature, including the right to life, liberty, and property
The Royal Proclamation of 1763: A.caused Pontiac's Rebellion B.prohibited American settlement west of the Appalachians C.lowered taxes on the colonies D.imposed new taxes on imports E.gave Florida back to Spain
B.prohibited American settlement west of the Appalachians
The 1765 Stamp Act A.was approved by the colonial assemblies B.required revenue stamps on legal and commercial documents C.raised a lot of money for the crown D.soothed American fears of standing armies E.directly affected only a few Americans
B.required revenue stamps on legal and commercial documents
Christopher Columbus first landed in the New World in
Bahamas
A large number of South Carolina's original settlers were British planters from
Barbados
The Indian chief who resisted federal policy in Illinois and Wisconsin was: Tecumseh Osceola Sitting Bull Hiawatha Black Hawk
Black Hawk
What did the Supreme Court to rule in Dred Scott v. Sandford? State bans on slavery did not violate the property rights of masters. Slaves who were taken to free states would be considered free. Blacks did not have citizenship and therefore lacked legal standing. Slaves who were taken to free territories would be considered free. The Missouri Compromise was still legally binding.
Blacks did not have citizenship and therefore lacked legal standing.
An ongoing source of American tension with the British was: British blockade of the Atlantic coast Britain's refusal to release American POWs British forts along the Canadian border British refusal to pay war damages British refusal to recognize America
British forts along the Canadian border
By the mid-1790s, Americans became incensed with the British over: high British taxes on American imports Britain's refusal to recognize American independence the British engaging in war with France British seizure of American merchant vessels Britain's support of the French Revolution
British seizure of American merchant vessels
A series of British wars against the French began during the reign of King: A.Richard III B.George I C.William D.James II E.Charles II
C. William
Pennsylvania was owned and administered by: A. George Fox B. the Society of Friends C.William Penn D.the Emperor of the Habsburg Empire E.its democratically inclined citizenry
C. William Penn
Which is true of the Boston Tea Party? A.Ben Franklin supported it B.most Bostonians did not support it C.Americans destroyed a large amount of property D.Mohawk Indians destroy the tea E.it forced the British to repeal the tea tax
C.Americans destroyed a large amount of property
At the Battle of Bunker Hill: A.Americans learned they could easily beat the British B.Americans refused to take prisoners C.the British suffered major casualties D.the colonial militia repulsed every British assault E.George Washington won his first victory
C.the British suffered major casualties
Which of the following would NOT characterize the Mississippi Indian culture?
Cliff dwelling
The 1804 presidential election resulted in: Aaron Burr's duel with Alexander Hamilton months of confusion over the actual winner a comeback for the Federalists the rise of a powerful third party Jefferson's landslide reelection
Jefferson's landslide reelection
Of the following colonies, which one most embraced religious and ethnic diversity? A.Massachusetts B. Maryland C.Virginia D.Pennsylvania E.New York
D. Pennsylvania
The ultimate source of legal authority in the colonies was: A.the Lords of Trade B.the people of Britain C.God D.the king E.Parliament
D. the King
The colonial wars had a devastating effect on the people of: A.New York B.Pennsylvania C.Québec D.Massachusetts E.Virginia
D.Massachusetts
The Navigation Acts specified "enumerated" goods that: A.would not be taxed once imported into the mother country B.Americans were not allowed to export C.could be sold at discount prices D.could only be shipped to England or its colonies E.could only be purchased with gold or silver
D.could only be shipped to England or its colonies
The Enlightenment: A. led most educated men to become atheists B.was based mainly on the writings of Martin Luther C.started in America and spread to Europe D.encouraged the idea that God was like a master clockmaker who planned the universe and set it in motion E.increased church attendance
D.encouraged the idea that God was like a master clockmaker who planned the universe and set it in motion
The middle colonies: A.was dominated by plantation agriculture B.included Rhode Island and Maryland C.for many years had a black majority population D.geographically and culturally stood between the New England and Southern colonies E.lacked a suitable base for commerce
D.geographically and culturally stood between the New England and Southern colonies
Ben Franklin emphasized the Enlightenment in his: A.denial of God's existence B.scandalous sex life C.work as a printer and publisher D.passion for science and experimentation E.rise from poverty to riches
D.passion for science and experimentation
In response to American protests, in 1766 Parliament: A.gave Americans representation in the House of Commons B.removed British troops from the colonies C.blamed George III for his mistaken policies D.repealed the Stamp Act E.issued an official apology
D.repealed the Stamp Act
Which of the following opposed a national Bank in 1816? Henry Clay James Madison John Quincy Adams Daniel Webster John Calhoun
Daniel Webster
By the 1832 election, the Jacksonians had become known as the: National Republicans Unionists Anti-Federalist Whigs Democrats
Democrats
The religious revivals known as the Great Awakening did all the following EXCEPT: A.emphasized an emotional style of preaching B.split a number of churches C.featured traveling ministers D.affected all 13 colonies E.further promote Enlightenment thinking
E. further promote the Enlightenment thinking
In April 1775, the British marched to Concord, Massachusetts, in an effort to: A.prevent a town meeting B.arrest of Paul Revere C.shut down a rebellious newspaper D.collect taxes E.seize a stockpile of weapons
E.seize a stockpile of weapons
Which country did Sir Walter Raleigh argue should establish colonies in the New World?
England
Maryland was established in 1634 as a refuge for:
English Catholics
At the time Europeans arrived in North America, Indians:
Enjoyed a vast trading network across the continent
The American victory at Saratoga resulted in: a huge increase in the size of the Continental army serious peace negotiations with the British a new invasion of Canada Dutch entry on the American side France's entry on the American side
France's entry on the American side
All of the following statements about the American Colonization Society are true EXCEPT: Free black leaders supported it. It did not reduce the total number of slaves. It was founded in the late 1810s It was backed by many prominent politicians. It proposed to send blacks back to Africa.
Free black leaders supported it.
The American victory at Yorktown would have been impossible without: superior weapons French assistance Spanish intervention favorable weather British incompetence
French assistance
Why did President Buchanan support the Lecompton Constituion? He had no strong position, but his advisers insisted he support it. He was born in Lecompton and always supported his hometown. He was dependent on Southern congressmen, who also supported the constitution. He opposed the spread of slavery, and the constitution banned it from Kansas. He was politically dependent on northern congressmen, who also supported the constitution.
He was dependent on Southern congressmen, who also supported the constitution.
On Christmas night 1776, Washington crossed the Delaware to defeat the: Iroquois British Hessians French Loyalists
Hessians
The Founding Fathers viewed the most "democratic" branch of government as the: Supreme Court presidency House of Representatives Senate cabinet
House of Representatives
Why did Kansas's Lecompton Constitution become so controversial? It allowed each county in Kansas to vote on the legality of slavery. It allowed slavery even though a majority of residents opposed it. It banned slavery but provided an exception to existing resident slave owners. It advocated for Kansas independence rather than statehood. It banned slavery even though an overwhelming majority of residents supported it.
It allowed slavery even though a majority of residents opposed it.
Why did the new Fugitive Slave Act outrage abolitionist? It required the licensing of slave catchers. It reintroduced the legal international slave trade. It offered a strong temptation to kidnap free blacks in northern "free" states. It allowed Northern states to become slave states. It guaranteed fugitive slaves a jury trial.
It offered a strong temptation to kidnap free blacks in northern "free" states.
What was the impact of President Taylor's death? It put anti-slavery William H. Seward in the White House. It strengthened the chance for compromise over slavery in 1850. It brought great relief to the nation, because he had started the current sectional crisis. It put pro-slavery Franklin Pierce in the White House. It prevented California from gaining admission to the Union.
It strengthened the chance for compromise over slavery in 1850.
Why were working-class people attracted to Universalism? It claimed that people's fates had already been determined by God. It advocated for slavery and white superiority. It stressed the possibility of salvation of all people. It encouraged sinning. It claimed that eternal punishment for sinners was not all that bad.
It stressed the possibility of salvation of all people.
The convention's most gifted political philosopher and man who emerged as its central figure was Alexander Hamilton Patrick Henry James Madison George Washington Ben Franklin
James Madison
The Republican party platform supported all of the following in 1860 EXCEPT: a higher protective tariff John Brown's raid no further extension of slavery free homesteads on federal lands a transcontinental railroad
John Brown's raid
All the following were presidential candidates in 1824 EXCEPT: John Calhoun Andrew Jackson Henry Clay William Crawford John Quincy Adams
John Calhoun
Which leader is described as a president without a party? Sam Houston James K. Polk William Henry Harrison Henry Clay John Tyler
John Tyler
In the election of 1844: both Clay and Polk enthusiastically supported Louisiana annexation Liberty party votes in New York cost Clay the White House Polk's greater experience in national office gave him a huge advantage over Clay Jackson supported his old rival, Henry Clay Polk won by a popular vote landslide
Liberty party votes in New York cost Clay the White House
Missouri's admission to the Union as a slave state was balanced by the admission of the free state of: Minnesota Ohio Maine Wisconsin Vermont
Maine
Which of the following statements about German immigrants is true? They were seeking religious freedom. They worked mainly as small farmers prior to their arrival. Many were professionals. They were escaping slavery in their native country. They were largely criminals and insane.
Many were professionals.
The Protestant Reformation was launched in Europe by
Martin Luther
From A.D. 300 to 900, which group in Middle America (Mesoamerica) developed large cities, including gigantic pyramids?
Mayans
The Mexican-American War erupted when: the United States recognize Texas as independent Mexico insulted the US ambassador and ordered him to leave the country Polk won the 1844 election Mexican and US troops clashed north of the Rio Grande American settlers started a revolt in California
Mexican and US troops clashed north of the Rio Grande
The Decisive victory in the war came with Winfield Scott's capture of: Mexico City Veracruz Cerro Gordo Monterrey Puebla
Mexico City
As president, Polk supported all the following EXCEPT: restoration of the independent Treasury settlement of the Oregon boundary question tariff reduction acquisition of California internal improvements
internal improvements
The Hartford Convention illustrated deep opposition to the war in: New England Congress New York the West the South
New England
Which city did the British capture early in the American Revolution and hold for the remainder of the war? Philadelphia Williamsburg Boston New York Atlanta
New York
In early 1789, the new Congress gathered in the national capital, which was: New York City Boston Philadelphia Baltimore Washington DC
New York City
Which of the following was NOT part of the Northwest Ordinance? Statehood was allowed when a territory had a population of 60,000 people Territorial governors were to be chosen by Congress New states formed from the Northwest Territory had to allow Indians "perpetual representation" in the state governments Religious freedom was guaranteed in a "bill of rights" Slavery was prohibited in the territory above the Ohio River
New states formed from the Northwest Territory had to allow Indians "perpetual representation" in the state governments
The Southern state that by 1860 had done the most to advance public education was: Virginia Texas North Carolina Alabama Georgia
North Carolina
What was the main reason the Mexican government attempted to curtail American settlement of Texas? a preference for Indian settlement of the land the British claim to the territory Opposition to slavery that the settlers brought to Texas racism against Americans the Spanish forcing them to exclude the Americans
Opposition to slavery that the settlers brought to Texas
The phrase "fifty-four forty or fight!" referred to: Texas Oregon Florida Utah California
Oregon
The Constitutional Convention met in: Albany Philadelphia New York Boston Washington D.C.
Philadelphia
Which of the following cities was an early center of iron production? Pittsburgh Cincinnati Cleveland New York St. Louis
Pittsburgh
Following the expiration of the first Bank of the United States in 1811, state banks: issued an excess of paper money were closely regulated by the federal government minted their own gold and silver coins guaranteed a stable economy cut way back on credit
issued an excess of paper money
The first Europeans to sail around Africa and on to India were the
Portuguese
Who was considered the "high priest" of Transcendentalism? Ralph Waldo Emerson William Ellery Channing Joseph Smith John Quincy Adams William Garrison
Ralph Waldo Emerson
The Sedition Act was aimed primarily at: foreign immigrants draft evaders French spies anti-war Federalists Republican newspaper editors
Republican newspaper editors
Who was the first president of the Republic of Texas? Santa Anna James Polk Sam Houston Andrew Jackson Stephen Austin
Sam Houston
In Latin America by the early 1820s: American missionaries were becoming more active Spain had lost nearly all its colonies Britain was aggressively acquiring new colonies Argentina and Mexico were becoming world powers Russia was expanding its influence
Spain had lost nearly all its colonies
In 1565, the first European town was established in the present day United States at:
St. Augustine
Which of the following is NOT true of Georgia?
it succeeded in keeping slavery out
The South Carolina Exposition and Protest was published in response to the: election of 1824 panic of 1819 the second Bank of the United States Missouri Compromise Tariff of 1828
Tariff of 1828
How did the Mexican-American War ultimately deepen sectional divisions in the United States? Southern states refused to recognize the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo. All the territories acquired were ultimately opened to slavery. Slavery was prohibited in all the territories acquired. Slaves who fought in the war began rebelling for their freedom in the South. The new territories acquired fueled a violent debate over the extension of slavery into them.
The new territories acquired fueled a violent debate over the extension of slavery into them.
The newest and fastest-growing profession in the United States by 1860 was: teaching The newest and fastest-growing profession in the United States by 1860 was: teaching engineering the law nursing medicine the law nursing medicine
The newest and fastest-growing profession in the United States by 1860 was: teaching engineering the law nursing medicine
Why did the Whig Party collapse? The strain of the Kansas-Nebraska Act push Northern and Southern members toward joining different parties. It opposed slavery. The Republican Party defeated the major Whig candidates in the 1852 election. It no longer had sufficient numbers of people voting for it. Its economic policies were perceived as too socialist.
The strain of the Kansas-Nebraska Act push Northern and Southern members toward joining different parties.
Why were theories of racial superiority significant in the South? They fostered slave rebellions among slaves who believes in the inferiority of the planter class. They played no role in encouraging white support of slavery. They created a sense of unity that bridged class divisions among most southern whites. They were primarily adhered to by the planter elite that owned slaves. They were created by slaves to justify their enslavement.
They created a sense of unity that bridged class divisions among most southern whites.
Why might women be drawn to camp meetings? They were not open to male participation. They provided an outlet for women to exhibit their preaching skills. They provided women with opportunities to participate as equals in public rituals. They allowed women to edit the Bible to reflect their own ideals. They provided the only avenue of higher education available to women.
They provided women with opportunities to participate as equals in public rituals.
Washington's farewell address: was soon forgotten since Washington was a poor speaker opposed permanent alliances praised the emerging party system urged greater involvement in Europe was pessimistic about the nation's future
opposed permanent alliances
The politician involved in partisan attacks on John Adams while serving as Adams's vice president was: James Madison Aaron Burr Thomas Jefferson John Jay Alexander Hamilton
Thomas Jefferson
Washington's Secretary of State was: James Madison Thomas Jefferson John Hancock John Adams Edmund Randolph
Thomas Jefferson
Southerners used all the following to justify slavery EXCEPT: fear of a race war if slavery were abolished the superior life Africans enjoyed in the southern states Thomas Jefferson's words in the Declaration of Independence claims of black racial inferiority biblical support of slavery
Thomas Jefferson's words in the Declaration of Independence
All of the following are true of the Anasazis EXCEPT that they:
Were transformed by the arrival of horses
The leader of the Pilgrims who established the Plymouth colony was:
William Bradford
Jackson viewed the Bank of the United States as: a valued source of credit for small farmers justified by the "necessary and proper" clause of the Constitution a "monster" that served the interests of a wealthy few necessary for issuing paper money that stabilized the economy a source of national unity because it served the whole country
a "monster" that served the interests of a wealthy few
The major impetus for the huge Irish immigration to the United States after 1845 was: high wages in factories an abundance of cheap land a deadly potato famine religious freedom in the United States hatred of British rule in Ireland
a deadly potato famine
Following the War of 1812, President James Madison endorsed: reducing the size of the Navy a return to agriculture abolition of slavery a national university increasing purchases of British goods
a national university
Thomas Jefferson's inaugural address reflected: his desire to adopt Federalist principles now that he was in office his hopes for a new war to unify the country his affirmation of educational elitism and commitment to continued governmental formality a tone of simplicity and conciliation his strong partisan desire to oppose the Federalists now that he was in office
a tone of simplicity and conciliation
Alexander Hamilton's basic vision of America was to make it: committed to limited government and socially equality an example of racial tolerance and diversity a vibrant capitalist power a mighty empire like ancient Rome a democratic model for the world
a vibrant capitalist power
One chronic problem facing colonial trade was: A. a way to pay for goods imported from the mother country B.the French blockade of the Atlantic Coast C.the lack of foreign markets for American products D.an absence of rich soil for agricultural products and oversupply of hard currency, which caused E.rampant inflation
a way to pay for goods imported from the mother country
The Liberty Party advocated: socialism abolitionism free trade anarchy free love
abolitionism
The witch craze in Salem started when: A. a slave named Tituba cursed the village minister B. several people died of mysterious illness C. adolescent girls begin to exhibit strange afflictions D.Indians attacked and looted the village E. the town minister was caught in a sex scandal
adolescent girls begin to exhibit strange afflictions
Hamilton encouraged manufacturing because: it would provide jobs for women and children it would improve productivity by using machinery all of the answers are true statements it would diversify an agricultural economy it would encourage immigration
all of the answers are true statements
During the period of the Revolution, a slave might gain his freedom: if he served in the American army if it were granted by his master if he joined the British if he successfully ran away all of the statements are true
all of the statements are true
Economically speaking, the American colonists: A.all of the statements are true B.lacked capital and labor C.imported manufactured goods from England D.traded legally with England and even legally with Spain, France, and others E.enjoyed resources in the form of a land, furs, fish, tobacco, and sugar
all of the statements are true
Just before he left office, Adams: destroyed his official records questioned the fair outcome of the election appointed John Marshall chief justice renewed his friendship with Jefferson repealed Hamilton's tax policies
appointed John Marshall chief justice
Calhoun's South Carolina Exposition and Protest: argued that states could nullify federal legislation showed that Calhoun no longer supported the union powerfully defended slavery announced Calhoun's resignation as vice president protested Jackson's excessive use of power
argued that states could nullify federal legislation
Harriet Beecher Stowe's book, Uncle Tom's Cabin: exposed to the dark side of Southern culture argues that the institution of slavery benefited the slaves mirrors the portrayal of the South in Gone With the Wind celebrates the Old South and its quaint culture romanticizes slavery
exposed to the dark side of Southern culture
The Spanish Armada:
attempted to invade England
The Northwest Ordinance of 1787: denied self-government to that region made Ohio and Indiana states immediately banned slavery in the Northwest provided for joint occupation of that area with the British established colonies in the Ohio Valley
banned slavery in the Northwest
Under the proposed constitution, members of the Senate would: be men of substantial wealth be appointed by state governors serve two-year terms be chosen by popular vote be chosen by state legislatures
be chosen by state legislatures
Federalist Number 10 explains how a republic can: pay its debts create a just society defend itself be successful in a large, diverse society become a democracy
be successful in a large, diverse society
In 1624, a British court dissolved the struggling Virginia Company, and Virginia:
became a royal colony
Andrew Jackson was a true Jeffersonian in his opposition to slavery religious faith support for national Bank belief in limited government elitism
belief in limited government
The Lincoln-Douglas debates: saw Lincoln state his belief in racial equality saw Douglas abandon popular sovereignty saw Lincoln endorse the Dred Scott ruling clinched Lincoln's election to the U.S. Senate bolstered Lincoln's presidential prospects in 1860
bolstered Lincoln's presidential prospects in 1860
Steamboats: generally had at least 12 foot drafts were usually built of steel brought cheaper and faster two-way traffic to the Mississippi Valley soon made railroads obsolete were commercially profitable by the 1790s
brought cheaper and faster two-way traffic to the Mississippi Valley
Bacon's Rebellion:
brought indentured servants and small farmers together against the colony's rich planters and political leaders
The cotton gin was invented: in the 1830s in England by John Oliver by Eli Whitney by John Deere
by Eli Whitney
Anne Hutchinson was kicked out of Massachusetts for:
challenging the authority of the local ministries
Most of the American settlers in Texas went there because of: cheap cotton lands trading opportunities with the Indians and the Mexicans legal problems in the United States gold and other mineral deposits furs
cheap cotton lands
A minister on horseback who traveled the frontier to preach was called a(n) outlaw Unitarian teacher circuit rider Deist
circuit rider
Under the Article of Confederation, Congress was a powerful body relative to the weak state legislatures was largely a debating society with no clear areas of authority was superior to the various state governments combined legislative and executive power shared power with a supreme court
combined legislative and executive power
The major factor that delayed Texas annexation until 1845 was: Britain's support for Texas independence the desire of Texas to remain a republic concern over Texas entering as a slave state Calhoun's incompetence as Secretary of State fear of a possible Mexican attack on the United States
concern over Texas entering as a slave state
The first American factories produced: muskets leather goods tobacco products glass products cotton textiles
cotton textiles
Indentured servants: A.could own property of their own B.all of the statements are true C.occupied "a middle rank between slaves and free men" D. could not engage in trade E.could be whipped for transgressions
could own property of their own all of the statements are true occupied "a middle rank between slaves and free men" could not engage in trade could be whipped for transgressions
John Calhoun accepted the Tariff of 1816 because he: argued that the Constitution required it expected the South would become a manufacturing center saw it as a means to protect slavery in the South sympathized with New England shippers and southern farmers saw it as a way to lessen the importance of slavery to southern planters
expected the South would become a manufacturing center
"This momentous question like a firebell in the night awakened and filled me with terror." Thomas Jefferson said this about the: second Bank of the United States possible abolition of slavery debate over the Missouri Compromise case of Marbury v. Madison panic of 1819
debate over the Missouri Compromise
In the case of Marbury v. Madison the Supreme Court: made itself the government's most powerful branch showed its commitment to states' rights proved it was not influenced by politics ruled that Marbury should occupy his judicial position declared a federal law unconstitutional
declared a federal law unconstitutional
English merchants in the Carolinas by the early 1700s established a thriving trade with southern Indians for:
deer skins
In the 1840 campaign, the Whigs: depended on a catchy campaign slogan lost in a close election failed to use campaign techniques like those of the Democrats nominated Henry Clay explained in detail how they would fight the depression
depended on a catchy campaign slogan
In response to secession, President Buchanan: abandoned Fort Sumter declared martial law let Lincoln take office ahead of schedule said he supported it did practically nothing
did practically nothing
As president, William Henry Harrison: merely followed the orders of Henry Clay was able to fulfill most of the Whig economic platform died after only a month in office brought a completely different background to office than Andrew Jackson tried to slow American migration to the West
died after only a month in office
After the arrival of Europeans, the greatest number of Indians died as a result of:
disease
All of the following were true of the status of women in the colonial period EXCEPT: A.because of a shortage of women, they were more valued in North America than in Europe B.Puritans passed laws protecting them from domestic violence and permitted divorce C.had some rights over property that they had brought into a marriage D.enjoyed the right to vote in local elections in the middle Atlantic colonies E.could manage their property upon the death of their husbands
enjoyed the right to vote in local elections in the middle Atlantic colonies
The Jacksonian concept of equality was a belief that: there were few meaningful differences in people's abilities people should not be addressed by formal titles everyone should have an equal chance to succeed everyone should have roughly the same amount of money social distinctions should be abolished
everyone should have an equal chance to succeed
When Britain and France went to war in 1793, the United States: sharply increased its military spending expressed neutrality, warning Americans not to aid either side supported France because of the Franco-American alliance allied with other nations to oppose both Britain and France supported Britain because of its conservative government
expressed neutrality, warning Americans not to aid either side
The Transcontinental Treaty of 1819: recognized Spanish control of Florida brought permanent peace with France strengthened the US claim to Texas was negotiated by John Calhoun extended the boundary of Louisiana to the Pacific
extended the boundary of Louisiana to the Pacific
In 1840, the Whigs: feared splitting their party and hence had no platform tried to play down their candidate's war record aimed their appeal at elite voters nominated Winfield Scott for president campaigned for a program of economic nationalism
feared splitting their party and hence had no platform
Which of the following gave the Confederation government the most trouble: postal service Indian affairs finances immigration policy land policy
finances
Jefferson's Embargo Act: was effectively enforced by the Navy forced a change in British policy sought to stop all American exports ended Jefferson's presidency on a successful note had widespread public backing
forced a change in British policy
America contended with Spain over: discrimination toward Catholics in America trade with Spain's colonies Spain's cruel treatment of Indians ownership of Florida freedom to navigate the Mississippi River
freedom to navigate the Mississippi River
The Patriot militia: basically won the war against the British favored conventional European tactics in battle enlisted for a three-year term of service frustrated Washington with their lack of discipline was completely worthless
frustrated Washington with their lack of discipline
In terms of political behavior, the Irish: started a new party for immigrants were easily manipulated into voting against their interests seldom voted idolized John Quincy Adams generally supported Democrats
generally supported Democrats
Andrew Jackson led American troops into Florida in 1818: in pursuit of hostile Seminoles to further his personal political ambitions to acquire a port on the Gulf Coast to hunt deer to feed his army to collect debts owed to the United States by Spain
in pursuit of hostile Seminoles
Benedict Arnold became notorious late in the war by: selling weapons to Indians recruiting slaves into the American army questioning Washington's fitness for command going over to the British trying to become a military dictator
going over to the British
As Congregationalists, New Englanders: A.governed their communities through their churches B.gathered together in public meetings to determine local policy C.were tolerant of the rights of those who were not Puritans D.made local decisions based strictly upon the wishes of the King and Parliament E.all of the statements are true
governed their communities through their churches
Ironically, the Jacksonian era was characterized by: an almost total absence of social mobility an increasing tolerance for racial diversity growing economic and social inequality the end of the Western frontier a standard of living that fell beneath Europe's
growing economic and social inequality
Roger Williams founded Rhode Island after he:
had been banished from Massachusetts for his religious opinions
Jefferson's election in 1800: had to be settled by the House of Representatives was assured when George Washington announced his support of Jefferson just three weeks before the election continued the Federalist domination of the US government ended party divisions was assured when Aaron Burr agreed to withdraw as a candidate for president
had to be settled by the House of Representatives
The Louisiana Purchase was a problem for Jefferson because: it would be hard to defend it against the Spaniards he believed that the Constitution did not give authority to acquire new land acquisition of new Indian lands was contrary to his principles and beliefs the territory was ideal for slavery, which he opposed the cost was too high for the United States to pay
he believed that the Constitution did not give authority to acquire new land
One notable thing about the 1820 presidential election was: the rise of a powerful third party Monroe's refusal to publicly campaign how close it was in the Electoral College Monroe's defeat for a second term the disappearance of the Federalists
he disappearance of the Federalists
One key element of Hamilton's program to encourage manufacturing was his proposal for: a cut-off of trade with Britain government-owned factories government colleges for industrial education high protective tariffs importation of cheap foreign labor
high protective tariffs
The policy of boarding a foreign ship and forcing foreign sailors to work for the British Navy is called: impressment enslavement kidnapping chattel serfdom
impressment
By 1860, slavery was most concentrated: in the Upper South in Texas and Louisiana equally through the South in the Carolinas in the Lower South
in the Lower South
Under Thomas Jefferson's 1784 land ordinance, a territory became eligible for statehood when: upon its election of a governor and a legislature its population equaled that of the smallest existing state after a seven-year period during which it would self-govern through a territorial legislature at the point of congressional approval of its territorial constitution it agreed to abolish slavery within its borders
its population equaled that of the smallest existing state
By the 1850s, railroads had begun to receive encouragement from the federal government in the form of: a ban on further canal construction land grants military protection advertising monetary banking
land grants
President Madison's attempts to deal with British and French interference with American trade: boosted the domestic economy led to war with the British were far more effective than Jefferson's revealed that Napoleon could be trusted showed his belief in peace at any price
led to war with the British
The Know-Nothings campaigned primarily to: promote Christianity prohibit drinking cut taxes limit immigrant influence establish public schools
limit immigrant influence
As Jamestown's leader, Captain John Smith:
made the colonist work in order to eat
A typical form of resistance pursued by slaves entailed: outright rebellion arson running away malingering, feigning illness, and sabotage suicide
malingering, feigning illness, and sabotage
During the Revolutionary War, Tories: controlled large areas for an extended time refused to take prisoners generally lived at peace with their Whig neighbors probably outnumbered Patriots may have represented 20 percent of American society
may have represented 20 percent of American society
Stephen Douglas's proposed Kansas-Nebraska Act: would promote construction of a transcontinental rail line along a southern route strengthened his presidential prospects strengthened the Missouri Compromise showed his enthusiastic support of slavery might allow slavery in Kansas and Nebraska
might allow slavery in Kansas and Nebraska
Slave religion: mixed African and Christian elements required reading of the Bible was stamped out by white masters was best observed during racially integrated church services caused slaves to accept their condition
mixed African and Christian elements
In the early 1800s, the Supreme Court decisions associated with John Marshall consistently championed: a literal reading of the Constitution congressional supremacy states' rights Jeffersonian Republicanism national authority
national authority
European exploration of the Americas was greatly assisted by:
new sailing technologies
The Constitution was to be considered ratified as soon as it had been approved by: nine of the states all thirteen states the Constitutional Convention a majority popular vote the Continental Congress
nine of the states
Which is NOT true of early colonial slavery? A.no colony had a majority slave population B.slavery was present in all the English colonies C.slaves had a higher survival rate in North America than in the West Indies D.slaves could expect a lifetime in bondage E.far more slaves went to the West Indies than to North America
no colony had a majority slave population
Neutrality in the conflict between England and France attracted Americans because: of the fear that the war might spill over into the United States of our commitment to supporting Spain we expected England to win and did not want to provoke it into another war of a lucrative trade with both sides of our post-Revolution pacifist nature
of a lucrative trade with both sides
Women in the American colonies: A. lived lives of quiet and leisure B.generally had a lower status in society than did women in Europe C. were not likely to find eligible men to marry D.could vote and hold office E.often remained confined to the domestic sphere
often remained confined to the domestic sphere
The colony of Pennsylvania was
open to all religious believers
In 1777, Washington dealt with the threat of smallpox to his army by: asking for a halt in the fighting placing his camp under quarantine providing his soldiers with clean quarters and healthy food sending most of his soldiers home ordering a mass inoculation
ordering a mass inoculation
Why did the Anglo Texans rebelled against the Mexican government? to honor their alliance with the Comanche Indians out of fear that the Mexican government intended to free their slaves their opposition to taxation without representation to preempt Mexican plans to attack US territories east of Texas at the request of Spain, which was trying to regain control of Mexico
out of fear that the Mexican government intended to free their slaves
Under the Articles of Confederation western lands would be: recognized as belonging to the Indians free of slavery owned by the national government extended to the Pacific divided up among the existing states
owned by the national government
The major reason the South did not industrialize was that: plantation slavery was quite profitable planters did not care about making money it lacked natural resources its banking system was too limited slaves could not do factory labor
plantation slavery was quite profitable
One of John Quincy Adams's major shortcomings as president was his lack of: political skill intellect personal energy experience ideas for the nation's futur
political skill
In response to South Carolina's tariff nullification, Jackson: was unusually indecisive declared South Carolina in a state of rebellion said South Carolina was free to leave the union backed down by telling Congress to repeal the tariff privately threatened to hang Calhoun
privately threatened to hang Calhoun
John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry was intended to: prove John Brown was God's agent provoke slave insurrections provoke a fight with the U.S. Army unify the Republican Party start a civil war
provoke slave insurrections
They rise of Romanticism indicated: a belief that Americans were too religious recognition of the limits of science and reason a growing belief that man should dominate nature a longing for love and passion in daily life a desire for art and literature that was uniquely American
recognition of the limits of science and reason
The emergence of political parties: brought the United States to the brink of civil war resulted from a division between monarchists and republicans was strongly encouraged by President Washington reflected basic philosophical differences between Jefferson and Hamilton was anticipated by the writers of the Constitution
reflected basic philosophical differences between Jefferson and Hamilton
New England was settled by: A.religious fundamentalists B.the king and his family C.military officers D.a joint stock company E.ex-convicts and debtors
religious fundamentalist
Madison decided to support Hamilton's debt proposals in return for an agreement to: limit future federal spending relocate the nations capital southward give more money to the original bondholders make the states pay their own debts cut taxes
relocate the nations capital southward
President Jackson's policy toward Indians could best be described as one of: salutary neglect removal integration extermination paternalistic
removal
After the Revolutionary War, American trade with Britain: was limited to the West Indies resumed was illegal was unrestricted was minimal
resumed
The convention, which assembled in May 1787, was supposed to: revise the Articles of Confederation discuss better trade relations with Britain write a new constitution address the country's financial crisis nominate someone for president
revise the Articles of Confederation
Which of the following foods did Europeans introduce to the New World?
rice
One significant factor that inspired the Second Great Awakening was: John Quincy Adams's opposition to the "gag rule" the decline of Baptists in the South Joseph Smith's Book of Mormon the growing distrust of religion among African Americans rising fears of secularism among many well-educated Americans
rising fears of secularism among many well-educated Americans
All of the following were staple crops in various parts of the South EXCEPT: tobacco rubber cotton sugar rice
rubber
To President Jefferson, one major incentive to purchase Louisiana was to: secure American access to the Mississippi River and New Orleans acquire new ports on the Pacific gain support of the Federalists spend some of the surplus money in the treasury prove that the United States had become a world power
secure American access to the Mississippi River and New Orleans
When Massachusetts leader John Winthrop spoke of "a city upon a hill," he was referring to that colony's will desire to:
serve as a model Christian community
John Brown's raid: was of minor importance was condemned by abolitionists succeeded ended bloodlessly set off a panic throughout the slaveholding South
set off a panic throughout the slaveholding South
The Great Compromise: listed the explicit powers of Congress was negotiated by Ben Franklin showed the South's determination to protect slavery created a four-year term for president settled the question of congressional representation
settled the question of congressional representation
Which of the following animals were NOT found in the New World before the Europeans arrived?
sheep and pigs
During Cortés's siege of Tenochtitlán, the Aztecs were especially weakened by:
smallpox
The best underlying explanation for the Salem witch craze is: A.natural hallucinogens in the local water supply B. social division and anxieties within the village C. the presence of real witches in Salem Village D. the play acting and false accusations of teenage girls E. the low rate of illiteracy among the villagers
social divisions and anxieties within the village
The Virginia Statute of Religious Freedom marked the general trend away from: religious diversity belief in God state-supported churches public prayer revivalism
state-supported churches
The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions argued that: new Western states should be admitted as quickly as possible states could decide if laws were unconstitutional immigrants should be expelled from the country if they were not loyal to the American cause taxes imposed by Congress were unconstitutional the "freedom of speech" clause in the Bill of Rights did not apply to purely political rhetoric
states could decide if laws were unconstitutional
The Supreme Court in Gibbons v. Ogdon settled a controversy over: canal construction federal land sales steamboat commerce state-chartered colleges voting rights
steamboat commerce
The Panic of 1857: was the worst depression in American history ended sectional bickering started the Civil War was triggered by violence in Kansas strengthened southern confidence in its cotton economy
strengthened southern confidence in its cotton economy
The Compromise of 1850: strengthened the Fugitive Slave Law admitted Utah as a slave state ended slavery in Washington, D.C. postponed California statehood gave Texas more territory
strengthened the Fugitive Slave Law
With the onset of the California gold rush in 1849, many Plains Indians, led by the Cheyenne: agreed to move onto reservations supplied buffalo meat and skins to the white pioneers passively gave up their land claims out West used this as an excuse to attack pioneers out West saw this as an opportunity to gain great wealth for their tribes
supplied buffalo meat and skins to the white pioneers
What position did both the Democrats and Whig support in the 1852 presidential election? use of the popular vote rather than Electoral College to determine the election's winner support of the Compromise of 1850 women's suffrage repeal of the Fugitive Slave Act a ban on the expansion of slavery into the territories
support of the Compromise of 1850
Most small farmers in the South: were the lower class of the region usually owned slaves supported slavery and white supremacy were outnumbered by the planters lived on the verge of starvation
supported slavery and white supremacy
German immigrants in the 1850s: were not the target of nativists usually spoke English already were mostly poor and nonreligious almost never returned to their native country tended to come as groups and families
tended to come as groups and families
Roger Williams believed:
that it was wrong to confiscate Indian lands that Indians should be free to practice their own religions in religious freedom that compulsory church attendance was wrong in the eyes of God all of the statements are true
In the Webster-Hayne Debate, Robert Y. Hayne argued that: Congress had no right to pass tariffs to raise revenue within its jurisdiction the Supreme Court's authority was "full and complete" slavery was divinely approved the northern and southern states had to unite against the West on issues involving public lands the Union was created by a compact of the states
the Union was created by a compact of the states
By 1794, the best credit rating in the world was held by: the United States Canada France England Spain
the United States
In 1825, Florida belonged to: the United States France Great Britain the Seminoles Spain
the United States
The "corrupt bargain" in the election of 1824 referred to: Jackson's promise to make Calhoun his vice president Jackson's belief that the Constitution had be disregarded the belief that Clay supported Adams in return for becoming secretary of state the widespread purchase of votes in several states the blatant miscounting of ballots in the Electoral College
the belief that Clay supported Adams in return for becoming secretary of state
The British invasion of the mid-Atlantic coast in 1814 resulted in the US decision to sue for peace the capture and burning of Washington, D.C. Madison's resignation as president the capture of Baltimore their defeat by American militia
the capture and burning of Washington, D.C.
The Trail of Tears resulted in: the death of thousands of Indians a sad, but uneventful transfer of Indians to Colorado Jacksons diminished popularity and in the South and West Jackson's change of heart about Indian removal the complete eradication of the Creek and Seminoles
the death of thousands of Indians
The English attempt to establish a colony on Roanoke Island resulted in:
the disappearance in colonist
In regard to state debts, Hamilton proposed that: they be canceled they be paid off by an income tax the British be forced to pay them{ creditors get back only half their money the federal government take them over
the federal government take them over
The nature of work was transformed for numerous Americans by: government regulations scientific farming methods advances in education the growing factory system free land in the West
the growing factory system
The Whiskey Rebellion resulted in: diminished respect for federal authority the sending of a massive army to western Pennsylvania the repeal of the federal liquor tax declining support for the Republicans mass executions of the captured rebels
the sending of a massive army to western Pennsylvania
The states of the Confederate States of America seceded after Lincoln's election because: the southern secessionists believed that Jefferson Davis had won the 1860 election but was denied the office through fraud the southern secessionists were convinced that Lincoln would move against slavery despite his assurances otherwise Lincoln was pushing for an invasion of the South the southern secessionists plan to invade the North and impose slavery on the entire union Lincoln promised to abolish slavery immediately after taking office
the southern secessionists were convinced that Lincoln would move against slavery despite his assurances otherwise
The Mexican-American War contributed to all the following EXCEPT: the United States' becoming a transcontinental nation the strengthening of the union Mexico's loss of more than a third of its national territory combat experience for future Civil War generals the creation of the Department of the Interior
the strengthening of the union
One of the most important labor victories in the early 19th century was: white-only shops adequate housing the ten hour workday health insurance job security
the ten hour workday
In the 17th century, the staple crop that was the basis of the economy in Virginia and Maryland was: A.rice B.cotton C.indigo D.tobacco E.barley
tobacco
The Jamestown colony finally attain a measure of prosperity from
tobacco
In the era of the Revolution, the northern states: gave free blacks full equality outlawed racist language sent many former slaves to Canada elected a number of free blacks to office took steps to abolish slavery
took steps to abolish slavery
From 1815 to 1850, the United States became a(n): broadly democratic nation transcontinental power all of the statements are true military power international power
transcontinental power
The British shifted their military effort to the South to: destroy rebel plantations protect their settlements in Florida fight in a milder climate utilize the strength of their navy utilize the strength of local Tories
utilize the strength of local Tories
The 1828 presidential campaign was dominated by: vicious personal attacks controversy over foreign immigration public concerns over foreign policy record levels of campaign spending debate over tariff policy
vicious personal attacks
The Alien Act of 1789: banned noncitizens from holding public office led to a crackdown on Republican journalists was aimed especially at French and Irish Republicans shut off immigration to the United States was inspired by public anger over the Jay's Treaty terms
was aimed especially at French and Irish Republicans
The new Bank of the United States created in 1816: would be forbidden to issue paper money was located in Philadelphia was totally owned by the government was opposed by President Madison would control the American economy
was located in Philadelphia
Shay's Rebellion: made Americans more fearful of strong central government resulted in massive bloodshed and property destruction was supported by George Washington and other elite figures spread to several northern states was repressed by state militia
was repressed by state militia
The Judiciary Act of 1801: was the legacy of the Federalists as they left office was vetoed by President Jefferson allowed federal judges to be impeached under the Sedition Act was the first act passed by the Republicans created three new positions on the Supreme Court
was the legacy of the Federalists as they left office
All of the following are true of the Pilgrims EXCEPT that they
were a sect of radical Catholics
In the first half of the nineteenth century, internal improvements: were supported mainly by people in New England and the South finally became the responsibility of the national government were supported mainly by people in the West were supported mainly by people who held to a strict interpretation of the Constitution caused the national debt to skyrocket
were supported mainly by people in the West
In 1840, American literacy rates: were impressive due to compulsory school laws were lowest in New England had begun to decline remained shockingly low were the highest in the Western world
were the highest in the Western world
By the early 18th century, the English colonies in North America:
were the most populous and prosperous in the continent
Shay's Rebellion broke out in: western Massachusetts Boston New York City Rhode Island Pennsylvania
western Massachusetts
In late December 1776, George Washington was able to reverse American fortunes by: convincing Congress to give the army all the resources it needed destroying a British force outside of Boston getting France and Spain to enter the conflict winning battles at Trenton and Princeton recapturing New York City from the British
winning battles at Trenton and Princeton
The idea of popular sovereignty: was adopted by the Whigs in the 1848 election allowed Oregon to enter the Union as a slave state solved the controversy over slavery's extension guaranteed slavery would spread westward would allow people in the territories to decide whether or not to permit slavery
would allow people in the territories to decide whether or not to permit slavery
James Madison's Virginia Plan: would simply amend the Articles of Confederation would abolish the state governments would create a president for life would create a two-house Congress was most favored by the small states
would create a two-house Congress
The national bank proposed by Hamilton: would provide a stable national currency had unanimous support in Congress was specifically authorized by the Constitution would be totally owned by the federal government was ultimately opposed by President Washington
would provide a stable national currency
Fredrick Douglass: was captured in the North and returned to slavery became a notable black preacher wrote a famous account of his life as a slave was the founder of the Underground Railroad helped abolish slavery in the British West Indies
wrote a famous account of his life as a slave
The most numerous white Southerners were the: factory laborers yeoman farmers manufacturers planters overseers
yeoman farmers