History 17.3 colonial latin america

Viceroy

A governor general that headed a bureaucracy that governed the colonies of Spain and Portugal. These officials were the representatives of the monarchs in Europe

Jesuits

A group of Catholics who sent missionaries to the colonies to convert indigenous people

Mita

A labor system that the Spanish administrators in Peru used to draft native people to work in silver mines Harsh living conditions for resulted in a decline of native population

Encomienda

A system of labor the Spanish used in the Americas. Spanish land owners have the right, as granted by Queen Isabella, to use native Americans as laborers Harsh labor conditions resulted in a decline of native population

Creoles

Below peninsulares in the Latin America social class. They were descendants for America. They resented the peninsulares who retained power and regarded creoles as second-class citizens Thought the multi ethnic groups were socially inferior to them

Compare and contrast the encomienda and mita systems used by spanish.

Both systems resulted in a lower Native American population. The mita allowed authorities to draft native laborers to work in silver mines while the encomienda focused on using them as slaves and making them pay taxes

Bartolome de las casas

Catholic priest who disagreed with the encomienda and spoke out about its effects on the native people

How did the spanish perpetuate native american ways of collecting tribute from their people?

If the natives continued to pay them taxes and worked for the Spanish people, they would in return protect the natives

What role did trade play in the latin american economies?

It resulted in good profit, and they received useful imports from Europe to help the colonization.

Mulattoes

Offspring of Africans and native Americans

Mestizos

Offspring of Europeans and Native Americans

What role did the church play in the colonization of latin america?

The Catholic church influenced the Latin American people by trying to Christianize the native people and society. This policy gave missionaries almost total control over the people's beliefs and lives

According to Las Casas, why was the encomienda a problem?

The Spanish trated their slaves as if they were animals, making them do hard labor, persecuting them, making them only do you work all day with no leisure time. All the Spaniards cared about was the goal they were getting, not ethics or the church

Describe the changes and continuities in the role of the mestizos in latin american society?

The existence of numerous cultural/racial groups made Latin America unique and diverse, but the peninsulares and creoles looked down upon them as being inferior to them. Overtime, they grew in number and power as they got jobs as artisans, merchants, etc

What determined social status in colonial latin america?

The persons place of birth and ethnicity of their parents

What factors led to the differences in social classes in latin america and how do you think this will eventually lead to rebellion against spain?

The racial barriers caused by intermarriage designated the peoples' roles in Latin American society. Eventually the people less of spanish heritage will be less likely to stay loyal to Spain

What changes occurred that brought european colonies in the Americas out of the conquest phase and into the settlement phase?

They found mines of gold and silver and using the native people as slaves to work in them gave the spaniards a reason to settle. The also started to produce crops to send back to Europe

How did portugal and spain govern their colonies and demonstrate their authority?

They traded in a way that kept other European nations out, and the monarchies in Spain and Portugal split the land in Latin America and assigned governors to have political power in their colonies as a representative of the monarch

What role do you think the Protestant reformation and the catholic counter reformation had on the church's influence in the new world?

They were eager to convert natives to their religion, so they would gain back the amount of followers they lost in the reformation

Peninsulares

Top of the line America social class. Spanish and Portuguese officials born in Europe. They came from the Iberian Peninsula, the part of Europe containing Spain and Portugal. They held call the important government positions. Thought the multi ethnic groups were socially inferior to them