history 2610 chapter 12

Between 1833 and 1840, about how many northerners joined abolitionist groups?

100,000

This first martyr of the antislavery movement was killed by a mob in Illinois while defending his press.

Elijah P. Lovejoy

America's first black newspaper was called

Freedom's Journal

Which was not a characteristic of Robert Owen's early-nineteenth-century utopian communities?

Individualism and anarchy were watchwords at New Harmony.

Which was not true of Brook Farm?

It functioned as a vibrant community for a half-century.

In her 1845 work Woman in the Nineteenth Century, this writer sought to apply to women the transcendentalist idea that freedom meant a quest for personal development.

Margaret Fuller

In 1832, this black woman became the first American woman to lecture to mixed male and female audiences.

Maria Stewart

This utopian community was created in 1848 by John Humphrey Noyes, a son of a U.S. congressman.

Oneida

Stretching from Maine to Kentucky, this was the most successful of the religious communities in the mid-1800s.

Shakers

Why did Abby Kelly leave her infant?

She felt black mothers could not be with their babies as long as slavery was in practice, so she worked toward the goal of abolitionism for her child to be brought up in a "free" country.

The region of the United States that came to be known as the "burned-over district" as a consequence of the many religious revivals that flourished there in the early nineteenth century was

Upstate New York and northern Ohio

The Liberator, the abolitionist journal, was published in Boston in 1831 by

William Lloyd Garrison.

The American Colonization Society called for

a gradual end to slavery and the resettlement of blacks outside the United States.

The nineteenth-century view that there should be an immediate end to slavery and incorporation of freed persons into the republic as equal citizens is called

abolitionism.

The Liberty Bell took on its name-previously it had been known as the Old State House Bell-after

abolitionists adopted it as a symbol of their cause for abolishing slavery.

At Oneida, founded in 1848 in New York State, John Humphrey Noyes did away with private property and developed the idea of "complex marriage." "Complex marriage" at Oneida meant

any man and any woman could have sexual relations at any time so long as the relationship was mutual and was recorded in a public record book.

The idea of "perfectionism" was the view that

both individuals and society at large can be capable of indefinite improvement.

The largest effort at educational institution building before the Civil War came in the movement to establish

common schools

Robert Owen's utopian society promoted this idea to allow workers to receive the full value of their labor.

communitarianism

The American Tract Society, the American Bible Society, and other groups flooded these areas with copies of the gospel and pamphlets promoting religious virtue.

eastern cities and the western frontier

Abolitionists supported the idea of "wage slavery."

false

As a group, Irish immigrants were one of the biggest supporters of the temperance movement.

false

As they were committed to the separation of the sexes, Shaker communities admitted only men.

false

Brook Farm was a vibrant, successful, and active community for more than a century.

false

By 1860, tax-supported school systems for children had been established in every state.

false

Dancing was forbidden in Shaker settlements.

false

Dorothea Dix was a leading advocate of abolitionism.

false

Harriet Beecher Stowe was most famous for running the Underground Railroad.

false

Horace Mann argued that it was not a school's responsibility to reinforce social stability by rescuing students from the influence of parents who failed to instill the proper discipline in their children.

false

In lecturing the public, Sojourner Truth exclaimed "and aren't I a woman" to reinforce the traditional roles of women.

false

Many northern women were inspired and transformed by the abolitionist message, but few played an active role in spreading it.

false

Most African-Americans strongly supported settlement of themselves and other blacks in Africa (as a means to escape southern slavery).

false

Similar to the Shaker practice of celibacy, the Oneida community exercised monogamous marriages.

false

The American Temperance Society, founded in 1826, directed its efforts to redeeming habitual drunkards, not the occasional social drinker.

false

The Liberator, the abolitionist journal, was published in Boston in 1831 by Lucretia Mott.

false

The black abolitionist Henry Highland Garnet decried those who wished to rise in rebellion to throw off their shackles of slavery, instead insisting on a more peaceful means of protest.

false

The utopian communities created in the first half of the nineteenth century were large groups of men and women who attempted a more perfect social order by the process of foot washing, dancing, and, in the majority, a strict adherence to biblical teachings.

false

William Lloyd Garrison was most remembered for his book Uncle Tom's Cabin.

false

Which of the following series of events is listed in proper sequence?

founding of American Colonization Society; American Anti-Slavery Society founded; Uncle Tom's Cabin published

According to Pauline Davis in 1853, to emancipate women from "bondage," women must

go to work outside the home

"Gentlemen of property and standing" were

merchants with close commercial ties to the South

Dorothea Dix, a Massachusetts school teacher, was the leading proponent of

more humane treatment of this issue

The number of voluntary reform communities established in the decades before the Civil War that historians often call "utopian" communities—such as the Oneidan, Owenite, or Fourierist communities—numbered about

one hundred

Which of the following was not an area of public activism open to women during the 1830s and 1840s?

political party conventions

The 1836 "gag rule"

prohibited consideration of petitions calling for emancipation in the House of Representatives.

Which was not among the institutional asylums built during the 1830s and 1840s?

settlement houses in cities

The greatest evil in American society at first appeared to attract the least attention from the reformers— _________.

slavery

Which was not a movement Abby Kelley was associated with?

tariff reform

At the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention in New York, Elizabeth Cady Stanton modeled the

the Declaration of Independence

Among the social reforms involved in the early to mid-1800s, all of the following were part of American society except

the fashion of woman wearing pants

Abby Kelley was one of the foremost female abolitionist orators in the country during her time.

true

Abolitionists used the press to mock the nation's claim to be a "land of the free."

true

According to the Shakers, God had a "dual" personality, encompassing both male and female sexes.

true

Disagreement over the role of women in antislavery campaigns contributed to a major split in the abolitionist movement.

true

In the absence of a strong national government, American social and political activity was organized through voluntary associations such as churches, fraternal societies, and political clubs.

true

In the decades before the Civil War, several thousand black Americans did emigrate to Liberia with the aid of the American Colonization Society.

true

John Humphrey Noyes felt his followers had become so perfect that they had actually achieved a state of complete "purity of heart," or sinlessness.

true

Josiah Warren's utopian societies included stores where goods were exchanged according to the amount of work a person completed. This was a direct attempt to cut out bankers and merchants from sharing in the hard-earned income of farmers, laborers, and manufacturers.

true

Many Americans saw the reform impulse as an attack on their own freedom, particularly the temperance movement.

true

Reformers had a two-front plan for reforming society: one through a vision of personal freedom, while the other encouraged liberating oneself from various forms of "slavery" that made it impossible to succeed.

true

Shakers were so named because they engaged in frenzied dancing.

true

Southern defenders of slavery frequently linked slavery and marriage as natural and just forms of inequality.

true

The dramatic fall in the birthrate over the course of the nineteenth century suggests that many women were quietly exercising "personal freedom" in their most intimate relationships.

true

The fight for the right to debate slavery openly and without reprisal led abolitions to elevate "free opinion."

true

The founders of Brook Farm envisioned a harmonious blend of physical labor, intellectual work, and leisure.

true

Though women could not vote in the early-nineteenth-century United States, they did circulate petitions, march in parades, and deliver public lectures on a variety of topics.

true

To Theodore Weld, along with other abolitionist speakers, the only proper response to the sin of slavery was the institution's immediate elimination.

true

Beginning in 1816, the American Colonization Society

wished both to abolish slavery and send American blacks to Africa.