History

"Although important strides were made, Reconstruction failed to provide lasting guarantees of the civil rights of the freedmen." Which evidence best supports this statement? A) passage of Jim Crow laws in the latter part of the 19th century B) ratification of the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments C) refusal of Southern States to allow sharecropping D) passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1866

A

After the Civil War, the most common occupations for freedmen were A) sharecroppers and tenant farmers B) factory owners and teachers C) skilled artisans and mechanics D) miners and soldiers

A

Base your answer to question on the poster below and on your knowledge of social studies. Source: Library of Congress (adapted) What happened as a result of offers like the one shown on this 1872 poster? A) More Native American Indians on the Great Plains were forced onto reservations. B) The government began to restrict the number of acres that people could buy. C) The Great Plains states became the new center for manufacturing. D) Missouri and Nebraska became new territories.

A

Base your answer to the next question on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the Untied States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. - 14th amendment, Section 1, United States Constitution This amendment was adopted in 1868 primarily to A) protect the rights of formerly enslaved persons B) make it easier for immigrants to become citizens C) extend suffrage to settlers on the Great Plains D) require the federal government to pay the costs of Reconstruction

A

Before the former Confederate states could be readmitted to the Union, the congressional plan for Reconstruction required them to A) ratify the 14th amendment B) imprison all former Confederate soldiers C) provide 40 acres of land to all freedmen D) help rebuild Northern industries

A

Constitutional amendments adopted during Reconstruction were intended to A) provide legal and political rights for African Americans B) end property and religious qualifications for voting C) correct problems with the electoral college system D) limit the number of terms of the president

A

During the late 1800s, a major reason labor unions had difficulty achieving their goals was that A) government supported business over labor B) industrialization created better working conditions C) there was a shortage of new workers D) businesses promoted labor officials to management positions

A

Following Reconstruction, the passage of Jim Crow laws in the South limited the effectiveness of A) the 14th and 15th amendments B) the Freedmen's Bureau C) Black Codes D) tenant farming and sharecropping

A

From 1870 to 1900, business leaders in the United States often attempted to increase productivity, maximize profits, and decrease costs by A) reducing competition through the formation of trusts B) increasing benefits for industrial workers C) supporting the passage of strict antitrust laws D) preventing foreign investment in the United States

A

In the 19th century, the major national labor unions wanted to improve the position of workers mainly by A) obtaining the legal right to organize and bargain collectively B) using government troops to settle labor disputes with management C) supporting government ownership of major industries D) endorsing a third political party for workers only

A

In the United States during the late 1800's, why did the corporate form of business organization became increasingly important? A) because corporations could generate large amounts of capital with limited liability for investors B) because corporations promoted increased interaction between employer and employees C) because Federal legislation encouraged the private ownership of business D) because state and Federal legislation restricted the growth of sole proprietorships

A

In the late 1800s, the Homestead steel strike and the Pullman railcar strike were unsuccessful because A) the government supported business owners B) most workers refused to take part in the strike C) the Supreme Court ruled both strikes were illegal D) factory owners hired children to replace the strikers

A

In the latter half of the 1800s, a large labor supply, an abundance of natural resources, and the construction of new railroads contributed most directly to the A) growth of American industry B) dependence on imported goods C) demand for limits on immigration D) rejection of high tariffs by the United States

A

Many of the business trusts created in the late 1800s were eventually declared illegal primarily because they A) eliminated competition by forming monopolies B) combined companies that manufactured different products C) donated large sums of money to political candidates D) allowed children to work under unsafe conditions

A

The Reconstruction Era ended when congressional Democrats agreed in the election of Rutherford B. Hayes in1876, and the Republicans promised to do what? A) withdraw Federal troops from the South B) give each freedman 40 acres and a mule C) do away with the electoral college D) repeal the 15th amendment

A

The Reconstruction plans of President Abraham Lincoln and President Andrew Johnson included A) resumption of full participation in Congress by Southern States B) long-term military occupation of the Confederacy C) payment of war reparations by Southern States D) harsh punishment of former Confederate officials

A

The federal government responded to the railroad strikes of 1877 and the Pullman strike of 1894 by A) using military force against the workers B) requiring negotiation to resolve the disputes C) maintaining a neutral position between labor and management D) providing economic aid to striking workers

A

The label "Solid South" was applied to the former Confederate States after Reconstruction because they A) consistently supported the Democratic Party B) could not participate in national politics C) rejected efforts to pass Jim Crow laws D) continued to support abolitionist causes

A

The most long-lasting victory for civil rights achieved during Reconstruction was the A) ratification of the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments to the United States Constitution B) establishment of a strong two-party political system in the South C) increased prominence given to the Office of the President D) passage of Black Codes throughout the South

A

The poll tax, the literacy test, and the actions of the Ku Klux Klan were all attempts to limit the effectiveness of A) the 14th and 15th amendments B) the Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education C) civil rights legislation passed in all states after the Civil War D) immigration laws such as the Gentleman's Agreement and the Chinese Exclusion Act

A

What was the primary goal of the Dawes Act of 1887 regarding Native American Indians? A) assimilating Native American Indians into mainstream American life B) increasing the size of Native American Indian reservations C) promoting Native American Indian languages and cultures D) strengthening Native American Indian tribal governments

A

Which statement best describes a major economic trend in the United States during the period from 1865 to 1900? A) Many business practices were developed to eliminate competition. B) Workers determined working conditions and factory output. C) The gross national product decreased steadily. D) Basic industries were taken over by the government.

A

the cartoon below and on your knowledge of social studies. Source: J. A. Wales, Puck, May 12, 1880 (adapted) What is the main idea of this cartoon from the Reconstruction Era? A) Southern society was oppressed by Radical Republican policies. B) Military force was necessary to stop Southern secession. C) United States soldiers forced women in the South to work in factories. D) Sharecropping was an economic burden for women after the Civil War.

A

the cartoon below and on your knowledge of social studies. The cartoonist would most likely support federal government attempts to A) pass antitrust legislation B) limit regulation of business C) establish high tariffs D) stop industrial pollution

A

the map below and on your knowledge of social studies. Source: Robert A. Divine et al., America Past and Present, Scott, Foresman and Company, 1987 (adapted) What was a result of the railroad construction shown on the map? A) A national market developed in the United States. B) Silver and gold mining opportunities decreased. C) Railroad companies gave free land to settlers. D) Steel factories relocated from the Great Lakes region to the Rocky Mountain states.

A

the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies. ". . . This, then, is held to be the duty of the man of Wealth: First, to set an example of modest, unostentatious living, shunning display or extravagance; to provide moderately for the legitimate wants of those dependent upon him; and after doing so to consider all surplus revenues which come to him simply as trust funds, which he is called upon to administer, and strictly bound as a matter of duty to administer in the manner which, in his judgment, is best calculated to produce the most beneficial results for the community- . . ." - Andrew Carnegie, "Wealth," North American Review, June 1889 Andrew Carnegie carried out the ideas expressed in this statement by A) funding numerous libraries and educational institutions B) serving many years in the federal government C) investing his fortune in several new industries D) promoting programs to benefit the wealthy

A

the section of the law quoted below and on your knowledge of social studies. Sec.2 . . . All freedmen, free negroes and mulattoes . . . over the age of eighteen years found . . . with no lawful employment or business . . . and all white persons . . . usually associating with freedmen, free negroes or mulattoes on terms of equality, . . . shall be deemed vagrants, and on conviction thereof shall be fined . . . and imprisoned at the discretion of the court.... -Mississippi Black Code The principal purpose of this type of law was to A) maintain racial separation and support white supremacy B) expand economic opportunities for freedmen C) encourage formerly enslaved persons to seek skilled jobs D) establish universal suffrage

A

the speaker's statements below and on your knowledge of social studies. Speaker A: "Secession from the Union caused this war, and all those who supported it must now be punished." Speaker B: "The nation's wounds will heal most quickly if we forgive the Southerners and welcome them back into the Union." Speaker C: "The freedmen must be given economic assistance and guaranteed the constitutional right to protect themselves." Speaker D: "The war may have ended, but the fight must continue to preserve the system of white supremacy in the South." The position taken by Speaker B is closest to the beliefs expressed by A) Abraham Lincoln B) Thaddeus Stevens C) the carpetbaggers D) the Ku Klux Klan

A

"I was born upon the prairie where there were no enclosures and where everything drew a free breath. I want to die there and not within walls . . . So why do you ask us to leave?" This statement was most likely made by A) an enslaved person in the South in the pre-Civil War period B) a Native American Indian during the second half of the 19th century C) a worker in an industrial sweatshop of the late 19th century D) a migrant worker in the West during the 1930's

B

"The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. . . ." - 15th Amendment, Section 1, United States Constitution, 1870 Which actions did Southern States take to keep African Americans from exercising the rights guaranteed in this amendment? A) suspending habeas corpus and denying women the right to vote B) collecting poll taxes and requiring literacy tests C) establishing religious and property-holding requirements for voting D) passing Black Codes and establishing segregated schools

B

A basic economic goal of labor unions of the late 19th-century was to achieve A) government ownership of industry B) a shorter workday and higher wages C) increased fringe benefits and medical coverage D) equal pay for equal work

B

Base your answer on the photographs below and on your knowledge of social studies. Source: Nebraska State Historical Society, 1890 Source: Smithsonian Institution, National Anthropological Archives These photographs of 19th-century life on the Great Plains indicate that A) Native American Indians and white settlers used the same building materials for protection B) Native American Indians and white settlers adapted differently to the same enviornment C) white settlers learned farming practices from Native American Indians D) both Native American Indians and white settlers depended on the buffalo for survival

B

Base your answer to the following question on the graph below and on your knowledge of social studies. Source: Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to 1970, Part 2, U. S. Department of Commerce (adapted) The overall trend shown on the graph was primarily the result of A) a decline in the economy B) the increased use of the assembly line C) a shift of the population from urban areas to farms D) an increase in the price of automobiles

B

During the late 1800s and early 1900s, the term robber baron best defined a person who A) controlled large tracts of western lands B) used ruthless business tactics C) stole from the rich to give to the poor D) encouraged the conservation of raw materials

B

In the late 1800s, many employers used blacklisting to A) end the use of sweatshops B) discourage workers from joining labor unions C) restrict the use of open shops D) promote child labor reform

B

In the late 1800s, the corporation became an important form of business organization primarily because it A) had closer ties with its employees B) could raise larger amounts of investment capital C) made better quality products D) called for conservation of natural resources

B

In the late 1800s, what was the creation of the Standard Oil Trust by John D. Rockefeller intended to do? A) to protect small, independent oil firms B) to control prices and practices in the oil refining business C) to increase competition among oil refining companies D) to distribute donations to charitable causes

B

Literacy tests, grandfather clauses, and poll taxes were enacted by Southern States to A) limit the movement of African Americans B) restrict the voting rights of African Americans C) improve the social status of African Americans D) expand educational opportunities for African Americans

B

One advantage of a corporation over an individually owned business is that the corporation has A) a closer relationship between labor and management B) easier access to investment capital C) unlimited legal liability for damages D) exemption from prosecution under antitrust laws

B

The Jim Crow laws of the post-Civil War Era were attempts by whom to do what? A) the Federal Government to improve the status of African Americans and Native American Indians B) state and local governments to restrict the freedoms of African Americans C) states to ban organizations such as the Ku Klux Klan D) the Radical Republicans in Congress to carry out Reconstruction plans

B

The Jim Crow laws, upheld by the Supreme Court in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), provided for A) free land for former slaves B) separate public facilities based on race C) racial integration of public schools D) voting rights for African-American males

B

The Supreme Court's decision in Dred Scott v. Sanford was nullified by the passage of the A) Kansas-Nebraska Act B) 13th and 14th amendments C) Compromise of 1850 D) Reconstruction Act

B

The books A Century of Dishonor and Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee were attempts to inform the public about the problems of A) Vietnam veterans B) Native Americans C) Mexican Americans D) Asian Americans

B

The theory of Social Darwinism was often used to justify the A) creation of the Ku Klux Klan B) formation of business monopolies C) use of strikes by labor unions D) passage of antitrust laws

B

The underlying reason for the impeachment of President Andrew Johnson was A) the Credit Mobilier scandal B) a power struggle with Congress over Reconstruction C) his refusal to appoint new justices to the Supreme Court D) his policies toward Native American Indians

B

What was a common goal of the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments to the United States Constitution? A) punishing the South for seceding from the Union B) granting basic rights to formerly enslaved persons C) allowing the states to veto federal laws D) creating a "separate but equal" society

B

Which factor contributed most directly to the settlement and development of the Great Plains after the Civil War? A) freeing of slaves in the Southern States B) construction of railroads west of the Mississippi River C) influx of immigrants from eastern and southern Europe D) hospitality of the Indian tribes inhabiting the region

B

Which policy can be attributed to the success of the American Federation of Labor in the late 19th century? A) supporting candidates of its own political party B) focusing on gains in wages and working conditions C) using violence to combat big corporations D) allowing only steel workers into the union

B

Which proposal was most consistent with the goals of the American Federation of Labor under the leadership of Samuel Gompers? A) government ownership of the transportation and communication industries B) collective bargaining to reach agreements on wages and hours C) formation of a third political party to promote union policies D) organization of unskilled workers into one national union

B

Why did the Radical Republicans in Congress oppose President Abraham Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction? A) he called for the imprisonment of most Confederate leaders B) he rejected the idea of harsh punishments for the South C) he planned to keep Northern troops in the South after the war D) he demanded immediate civil and political rights for formerly enslaved persons

B

the map below and on your knowledge of social studies. Source: Robert A. Divine et al., America Past and Present, Scott, Foresman and Company, 1987 (adapted) Which conclusion is most clearly supported by the information in the map? A) The belief in laíssez-faire prevented the federal government from helping railroads. B) The federal government promoted transcontinental railroad construction. C) Western railroads generated little profit for their owners. D) Railroad companies had to buy the land they needed for construction.

B

"Carnegie Donates Millions to Build Libraries" "Rockefeller Creates Foundation for Medical Research" These headlines reflect the actions of Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller as A) muckrakers B) socialists C) philanthropists D) conservationists

C

After the Civil War, which development limited economic opportunities for African Americans in the South? A) creation of military districts B) establishment of the Freedmen's Bureau C) use of the sharecropping system D) ratification of the 14th amendment

C

After the Civil War, white Southern landowners used sharecropping to A) set up schools to educate formerly enslaved persons B) encourage freedmen to migrate north C) maintain a cheap labor supply D) sell their plantations to formerly enslaved person

C

After the passage of the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments, why did African Americans continue to experience political and economic oppression? A) the amendments were not intended to solve their problems B) many African Americans distrusted the Federal Government C) Southern legislatures enacted Jim Crow laws D) poor communications kept people from learning about their legal rights

C

Base your answer on the cartoon below and on your knowledge of social studies. Which economic concept is best illustrated by the cartoon? A) supply and demand B) mercantilism C) monopoly D) trade

C

Base your answer to question on the cartoon below and on your knowledge of social studies. Source: Udo J. Keppler, Puck, September 7, 1904 (adapted) The principal message of the cartoon is that the Standard Oil Company A) used its size to lower the prices of its products B) protected the nation from foreign competition C) used its economic power to influence government decisions D) employed violence to gain an unfair advantage for its workers

C

During the late 1800's, a major reaction to the activities of labor unions in the United States was that A) the press in most communities supported unions B) United States Presidents opposed the use of Federal troops to end strikes called by organized labor C) courts frequently issued injunctions to stop strikes D) most factory workers quickly joined the unions

C

During the late 1800s, many North American Indian tribes were sent to reservations that were located A) along the major rivers and lakes of the Midwest B) near large cities in the Northwest C) in sparsely populated regions of the West D) east of the Mississippi River

C

During the late 1800s, the use of child labor in United States factories was most opposed by A) parents B) nativists C) labor unions D) factory owners

C

Mark Twain labeled the late 1800s in the United States the "Gilded Age" to describe the A) end of the practice of slavery B) absence of international conflicts C) extremes of wealth and poverty D) achievements of the labor movement

C

The Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 and the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 were passed by Congress to A) help regulate the money supply B) promote investment in manufacturing C) control business practices that limited competition D) limit the hours of working women

C

The formation of national labor unions in the late 1800s was mainly a response to A) passage of federal laws that favored workers B) laws restricting immigration and naturalization C) poor working conditions and low wages in many industries D) economic depressions that had led to high unemployment

C

The term "robber barons" was used during the Gilded Age to characterize A) plantation owners B) carpetbaggers C) leaders of big business D) union organizers

C

What did the growth of big business in the late 1800s result in? A) a reduction in child labor B) the elimination of the middle class C) the widening of the economic gap between rich and poor D) a shift in transportation investment from railroads to canals

C

What was the primary goal of President Abraham Lincoln's post-Civil War policy? A) establishing military districts in the South B) extending land ownership to African American men C) restoring Southern representation in Congress D) arresting military leaders of the Confederacy

C

Which factor was most critical to the building of transcontinental railroads after the Civil War? A) government ownership of the railroads B) capital investments by labor unions C) land and money provided by the Federal Government D) willingness of Native American Indians to leave tribal lands

C

Which heading best completes the partial outline below? A) Development of States Rights B) Results of Manifest Destiny C) Elements of Reconstruction D) Limits on Civil Rights

C

Which statement best describes the status of the labor union movement in the United States in 1900? A) Most of the labor force was organized into unions. B) Government and business opposition had destroyed the labor union movement. C) Unions were still struggling to gain public acceptance. D) Unions had won the right to strike and bargain collectively.

C

the cartoon below and on your knowledge of social studies. Source: J. A. Wales, Puck, May 12, 1880 (adapted) Which congressional action led to the Southern viewpoint expressed in this cartoon? A) passage of the Homestead Act B) strengthening of the Fugitive Slave Laws C) military occupation of the former Confederate States D) ending the Freedmen's Bureau

C

the cartoon below and on your knowledge of social studies. Which 19th-century business practice does this cartoon illustrate? A) forming cooperatives B) establishing trade zones C) creating monopolies D) expanding global markets

C

Base your answer to question on the quotation below and on your knowledge of social studies. ... With malice toward none; with charity for all; with firmness in the right, as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in; to bind up the nation's wounds; to care for him who shall have borne the battle, and for his widow, and his orphan—to do all which may achieve and cherish a just, and a lasting peace, among ourselves, and with all nations. - President Abraham Lincoln, 1865 This statement by President Lincoln contributed to disagreements over the A) continuation of a military draft B) provision of free land to settlers C) negotiations with foreign nations after the Civil War D) treatment of the former Confederate states and their leaders

D

Base your answer to the following question on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies. I will build a motor car for the great multitude. It will be large enough for the family but small enough for the individual to run and care for. It will be constructed of the best materials, by the best men to be hired, after the simplest designs that modern engineering can devise. But it will be so low in price that no man making a good salary will be unable to own one— and enjoy with his family the blessing of hours of pleasure in God's great open spaces. - Henry Ford, 1909 Which action is most closely associated with Henry Ford's attempt to realize this vision? A) providing cars in a variety of models B) creating a business monopoly C) downsizing the labor force D) using the assembly line

D

Base your answer to the following question on the photographs below and on your knowledge of social studies. Source: National Museum of the American Indian, Smithsonian Institution This pair of photographs suggests that the major purpose of the Carlisle Indian School was to A) train future leaders in tribal traditions B) prepare children for life on the reservation C) teach skills needed for working in factories D) promote cultural assimilation

D

Base your answer to the question on the following cartoon and on your knowledge of social studies. Source: Sid Greene, New York Evening Telegram, 1919 (adapted) What is the cartoonist's point of view in this 1919 cartoon? A) Immigrants will easily assimilate into American society. B) Industrial production will expand and create more jobs. C) Civil liberties will be restricted and ordinary American citizens will be hurt. D) The actions of labor unions threaten the American way of life.

D

Base your answer to the question on the organizer below and on your knowledge of social studies. Which title is most appropriate for this graphic organizer? A) Rise of Labor Unions B) Innovations and Technology C) Vertical Integration of Business D) Factors Contributing to Industrialization

D

Between 1865 and 1920, railroad companies contributed to the economic development of the United States by A) eliminating the need for water transportation B) concentrating on military rather than civilian tasks C) encouraging the formation of farmworkers' unions D) providing the most efficient means of transportation over long distances

D

During the late 19th century, Samuel Gompers, Terence Powderly, and Eugene Debs were leaders in what movement? A) to stop racial segregation of Native American Indians B) to limit illegal immigration C) to gain fair treatment of Native American Indians D) to improve working conditions

D

Following the Civil War, fewer immigrants settled in the South because A) most of the new arrivals chose to settle on the Great Plains B) freedmen had been given most of the available farmland in the South C) jobs were more plentiful for immigrants on the West Coast D) more factories that employed unskilled laborers were located in the North

D

In the late 1800s, major industrialists formed trusts as a way to A) secure government loans B) negotiate more effectively with labor unions C) influence lawmakers to lower taxes D) limit competition

D

In the period from 1860 to 1890, which experience was shared by most Native Americans living in western states? A) They maintained control of their traditional lands. B) They benefited economically from government policy. C) They became farmers and small business owners. D) They were forced to live on reservations.

D

Native Americans have traditionally believed that the A) Federal Government has the right to manage their affairs B) settlement and development of western lands is essential to economic well-being C) ownership of land is a basic individual right D) environment and people are interrelated

D

Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction." This statement is part of the A) Missouri Compromise B) Kansas-Nebraska Act C) Dred Scott decision D) 13th amendment to the Constitution

D

President Abraham Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction after the Civil War included A) restoring the social conditions that existed before the war began B) conducting trials for former Confederate leaders C) destroying the economic and social power of the Southern planters D) reuniting the nation as quickly as possible

D

Samuel Gompers, Eugene V. Debs, and John L. Lewis all influenced the American economy by A) supporting free trade between nations B) encouraging the use of monopolies C) advocating laissez-faire capitalism D) working to build unions and improve pay

D

The Homestead Act, the mass killing of buffalo, and the completion of the transcontinental railroad are most closely associated with the A) rise of organized labor B) building of the Erie Canal C) northern migration of African Americans D) decline of the Plains Indians

D

The creation of the Interstate Commerce Commission (1887) and the passage of the Sherman Antitrust Act (1890) showed that A) laissez-faire capitalism would be upheld by the Federal Government B) the Federal Government could not challenge state regulation of business C) Federal civil servants would be hired based on merit rather than political patronage D) the Federal Government could regulate business practices

D

The slogan "Eight hours for work, eight hours for sleep, eight hours for what we will" was used in the late 1800s to promote a major goal of A) farmers B) politicians C) industrialists D) organized labor

D

The term business monopoly can best be described as A) the most common form of business in the United States B) government control of the means of production C) an agreement between partners to manage a corporation D) a company that controls or dominates an industry

D

What was a major result of the Reconstruction Period? A) The political and economic rights of women were expanded and strengthened. B) The power of the states increased at the expense of the Federal Government. C) Racial segregation in United States schools ended. D) The 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments were added to the United States Constitution.

D

What was the decision of the Supreme Court in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)? A) Black Codes were unconstitutional. B) The citizenship principle established in Dred Scott v. Sanford was repealed. C) The 15th amendment failed to guarantee the right to vote to all males. D) Racial segregation did not violate the equal protection provision of the 14th amendment.

D

What was the result of the Indian Wars that occurred between 1860 and 1890? A) disputes over the spread of slavery B) conflict with Mexico over Texas and California C) the search for gold in California D) the movement of settlers onto the Great Plains

D

Which pairing matches a 19th-century business leader with the industry he developed? A) Cornelius Vandebilt - textile B) Andrew Carnegie - meatpacking C) J.P. Morgan - sugar D) John D. Rockefeller - oil

D

Which statement best describes how the status of African Americans in the South changed soon after the end of Reconstruction in 1877? A) The Supreme Court consistently supported civil rights for African Americans. B) Poll taxes and literacy tests were eliminated for African Americans. C) Increasing numbers of African Americans were elected to public office. D) African Americans faced increasing discrimination and segregation.

D