History ch.8 sec. 1,2,3,5
What was the UNIA?
- Foster economic independence by establishing black owned businesses - Create an independent black Homewood in Africa
What were some economic goals?
1. a. Reduce national debt 2. a. Promote economic growth 1. b. They cut federal spending and turned the annual deficit into surplus. 2. b. Lemonade high taxes on wealthy to promote the "trickle-down" effect.
When did Native Americans gain citizenship?
1924
By 1930 at proximately how many African Americans lived in northern cities?
2.5 million
How did the radio affect people's lives?
A way for people to hear about daily news/weather. Broadcasting programs
Who founded the brotherhood of sleeping car portars in 1925?
A. Philip Randolph
What group of Americans found themselves let go from factory positions when serviceman returned from war?
African-Americans
When does Calvin Coolidge become president?
After Hardings death on August 2, 1923
What caused the "quiet depression" and agriculture during the 1920s?
After the war, farmers were not needed to produce crops for troops in Europe
Who becomes the first cabinet member to go to jail for crimes committed while in office?
Albert Fall
Who was the first cabinet official in the US history to go to prison?
Albert fall
What types of consumer goods came on the market?
Americans bought new products like electric razors, facial tissues, frozen foods, and home hair color
Who were the strikes blamed on?
Anarchists and immigrants
Which two of Hardings appointees remained under President Coolidge and contributed greatly to the prosperity of the 1920s?
Andrew Mellon and Herbert Hoover
Why was there an overproduction of products?
Because the war ended almost literally overnight.
When the striking features of African-American writing in the 1920s, as exemplified in Claude McKay's work, was what?
Better contempt for racism
Who was in charge of "the business of america is business"?
Calvin Coolidge
What does Harlem become?
Capital of black Americans
Who completed a transatlantic solo flight in 1927?
Charles Lindbergh
How did companies change during the managerial revolution?
Companies hiring managers to run their departments this gave exclusives and owners time to do with company issues. Helped middle class grow with jobs
How did we reduce the national debt?
Cut spending. Republicans don't want higher taxes
What did African-Americans still have to face when they moved into the northern cities?
Discrimination and violence
What is nativism?
Dislike of outsiders
Rather than relying on armed force to influence global policy during the 1920s, the US used what?
Economic policies and arms agreements
Economic "boom" fueled by tax cuts and mergers.
Effects of republican policies
Herbert Hoover defeated governor AI will Smith from New York
Election of 1928
What new type of products changed the lives of homemakers in the 1920s?
Electric appliances
What was the installment plan?
Enable people to buy goods over an extended period of time without putting down much money
The equal rights amendment we have done what?
Ended "protective" legislation for women
What divided support among women?
Equal rights amendment
What describes the factors that led to the "quiet depression" in American agriculture after World War I?
European demand for crops dropped, while farmers debts remained the same
The membership of the KKK grew to over how many people during when?
Grew to over 5 million people during the red scare
How was Marcus Garvey successful in influencing African-American culture?
He instilled African Americans with a sense of pride in their culture and heritage
Does Vanzetti's statement support or refute the perception that he is a dangerous radical?
He sounds like he's sorry for himself but he knows that he would do it all over again if he had the chance.
Much of the turmoil of the early 1920s was blamed on what?
Immagrants
How did the Harlem Renaissance transform African American society?
It brought international fame to African-American artists and spurred political activism
What was the result of the Kelly act, passed by Congress in 1925?
It gave commercial airlines an economic boost
What was one of the major political successes of the NAACP?
It helped block the Supreme Court nomination of an alleged racist
What did the 1924 national origins act do?
It restricted immigration in a way that favored North Western European countries
What was the success of the Washington conference?
It resulted in several countries agreeing to a moratorium on the construction of warships
Explain "business of America is business".
It's saying that we should help his business is because when they do well, American people do well. That is because when they do while we get jobs jobs jobs.
Why did Garvey go to jail?
Jailed in 1925 For mail fraud and deported in 1927
Louis Armstrong is credited with developing an early form of the style of music, which combined Dixieland blues and ragtime, called what?
Jazz
Whom or what does Sacco blame for his conviction?
Judge Thayer
A prolific and original writer, became a leading voice on The African-American experience in America was who?
Langston Hughes
Why did the economy of the 1920s result in quickly expanding prosperity for many Americans, but continued property for others?
Many products such as automobiles, radios and other new products changed Americans lived. This helped some people and give others jobs, while it put others out of work.
Who founded the Universal negro improvement Association (UNIA) in 1914?
Marcus Garvey
What technological advancement it industry allowed for shorter work week's for factory workers?
Mass production
Where did most of the support for equal rights amendment come from?
Middle-class professionals
Consumerism lead to what change in the views on debt and borrow it?
More Americans found it acceptable to use consumer credit for purchases
Wanted to change through the legal system
NAACP
Who was the equal rights amendment introduced by?
National woman's party in 1923
The belief that one's homeland needs to be protected from immigrants is called what?
Nativism
Was Marcus Garvey's livlihood a union?
No
What did Harding want if he won his presidency?
Normalcy
What was the primary result of the great migration?
Northern cities became key centers of African-American culture
What are some of the long term affects of the United States's having become a car oriented society during the 20th century?
Now have larger cities
Who was committing scandals?
Ohio gang
Farmers did not share in "boom" so..
Overproduction/ surplus of agriculture
Why did widespread automobile ownership lead to the growth of the suburbs?
People can now drive to work so they spread out and moved farther away
Why did the rise of the automobile lead to A decline in public transportation?
People don't have to use the public transport they can just use their automobile
What was the Harlem Renaissance?
Period of music that helped with the black community because of them singing jazz etc.
Fundamentalists were active in which social movement that pushed for the ratification of the 18th amendment?
Prohibition
Who was James cox?
Ran again starting in the 1920 election. Follow or a Wilson and defender of joining the league of Nations
Rise of nativism, KKK and discrimination against immigrants
Red scare
Threat from Communists/Bolsheviks and anarchists
Red scare
GOP stands for what?
Republican Party
National Association for the advancement of colored people/WEB Dubois fought for what?
Rights
What caused the emergence of the new consumer products which flooded the market in the 1920s?
Rise in disposable income
Traditional Midwest values versus liberal city policies, immigrants and Catholics
Rugged individualism
How did the car revolutionize US society?
Rural families were now less isolated, people could live farther away from work
What fact about the Sacco- Vanzetti case prejudiced The jury into contacting them for murder?
Sacco and Vanzetti were immagrant anarchists
What is an example of clash of cultures? Explain.
Sacco and Vanzetti. Accused of killing and then executed because they were immigrant anarchists and were not given a proper trial
Where were strikes happening in 1919?
Seattle (Jan.) Boston (Sept.)
What position did Herbert Hoover hold in the Coolidge administration?
Secretary of commerce
During the Forbes scandal, what was the colonel Charles Forbes accused of doing?
Selling scarce medical supplies from veterinarians hospitals for personal profit
What did Congress do about nativism?
Started restricting immigrants that come in
Mellon's principle of cutting tax rates in order to stimulate the economy is known today as what?
Supply side, or "trickle down", economics
Leasing government oil reserves to private oil companies.
Teapot dome scandal
Explosion of African-American arts, music, and political activity in the 1920s became known as what?
The Harlem Renaissance
Anger against immigrants and emerging racial tensions over jobs led to the rise of which previously defunct group?
The Ku Klux Klan
President Harding's cabinet appointments, includes his friends from Ohio, where referred to as what?
The Ohio Gang
What method of mass production increase the supply and reduce the cost of automobiles?
The assembly line, make a large number of products in a short amount of time
What consumer product changed American society more than any other?
The automobile
What was the most famous nightclub in Harlem in which many musical great Scott there start?
The cotton club
The 1920s movement that believed the Christian Bible was literally true and denied the theory of evolution was what?
The fundamentalist movement
How did the "new morality" of the 1920s change traditional views of marriage?
The ideals of romantic love and friendship became more important
Whom or what does Vanzetti blame for his conviction?
The jury for heating them because they were against the war
What process, first adopted by Henry Ford, allowed the price of products to be reduced while volume of sales increased?
The moving assembly line
How did the African-Americans influence politics in the 1920s?
Their numbers in northern cities made them a powerful voting bloc
Equal rights amendment was debated until what?
Till 1923 when it failed to get approval
Why did Henry Ford double his factory workers pay while decreasing their hours?
To create loyalty and counteract unionization
Attorney General Harry daughter he was accused of excepting bribes in order to do what?
Transfer ownership of a German and chemical companies seized during World War I
How did advertisers convince people to buy products?
Used words such as progress, convenience, success, etc. and took advantage of consumers fears about status.
Who was one of the leaders of NAACP?
WEB Dubois
Who won the election of 1920
Warren G. Harding
Was a. Philip Randolph's livelihood a union?
Yes
Who all were part of the Ohio gang?
• Charles Forbes: Director of veteran's Bureau • Harry Daughtery: Attorney General • Albert Fall: Sect. of Interior
What groups of Americans do not share in the economic boom and why?
•African-Americans: were without jobs. •Native Americans: gained citizenship, but had little to work for them. Many farmers and workers low on wages.
Who did the KKK target?
•Radicals •immigrants •Catholics •Jews •African-Americans •etc.
What did Calvin Coolidge do?
Fired Boston police/called them out
A.P. Randolph union was what?
First African American union
Women who wore make up, drink prohibited liquor, and smoke cigarettes in the 1920s were called what?
Flappers
What party was Calvin Coolidge and when was he elected?
He was a Republican that was elected in 1920
Which famous scandal involved the secretary of the interior taking bribes to lease oil reserves to private interests?
The teapot dome scandal
For women of the 1920s, new fashions represented what?
Their new social, economic, and intellectual freedoms
Who was the attorney general who made a series of raids?
A. Mitchell Palmer