History Chapter 11
After the murder of Joseph Smith, who led Mormon settlers to the Great Salt Lake Valley?
Brigham Young
John Humphrey Noyes embraced which strategy as a means to liberate individuals and reform relations between men and women?
Complex marriage
What was Ralph Waldo Emerson's central message about what the individual had to "transcend"?
Existing customs
What was one reason that John Humphrey Noyes, the founder of the Oneida Community, rejected monogamy?
He hoped to free women from their status as the property of their husbands.
What was the American Anti-Slavery Society's most successful tactic in affecting public opinion?
Mailing abolitionist pamphlets throughout the country
What was the most popular form of urban entertainment in the United States between 1820 and 1860?
Minstrel shows
What was Margaret Fuller's most significant contribution to transcendental philosophy?
She believed that men and women were equally capable of transcendence.
Which of the following statements is accurate, based on this map?
There were virtually no communal experiments in the South.
Which statement assesses the historical significance of the Shakers, Fourierists, and Oneidians?
They radically questioned sexual norms and class divisions.
How did African Americans of the urban North aim to accomplish social uplift from the 1790s onward?
Through temperance and hard work
Experience in which movement helped the Grimké sisters become advocates for the equality of men and women?
Abolition
Who encouraged Congress to restrict abolitionist use of the mail system?
Andrew Jackson
Who were the major financial backers of the American Anti-Slavery Society?
Arthur and Lewis Tappan
What was one of the strategies that evangelical abolitionists used to attack slavery beginning in the 1830s?
Bombarding Congress with petitions to end slavery
How did the federal government respond to abolition between 1836 and 1844?
By blocking debate of antislavery petitions in Congress
How did Shaker communities become self-sustaining and even comfortable?
By perfecting their crafts
Phalanxes were based on the ideas of which French utopian?
Charles Fourier
Conversations on Common Things (1824) was written by what woman reformer of the early and mid-nineteenth century?
Dorothea Dix
Who convinced one state legislature after another to expand state hospitals in order to accommodate the mentally ill beginning in the 1840s?
Dorothea Dix
Which leader of the women's rights movement of the nineteenth century organized the Seneca Falls Convention of 1848?
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Based on this chart, which of the following may have contributed to the largest surge of immigration in the nineteenth century?
External factors
Why did Ralph Waldo Emerson encourage listeners and readers to seek transcendence to a higher reality?
He wanted them to experience self-realization.
Which individual was an early public education reformer active in the nineteenth century?
Horace Mann
What did Godey's Lady's Book teach its readers in the mid-nineteenth century?
How to beautify their homes
What aspect of transcendentalism is seen in Henry David Thoreau's statement, "If a man does not keep pace with his companions, perhaps it is because he hears a different drummer"?
Individualism
Why did Brook Farm fail?
It was unable to become economically self-sufficient.
Why did the Georgia legislature offer a $5,000 reward for the capture of William Lloyd Garrison?
Legislators charged Garrison with inciting rebellion.
What feminist wrote Woman in the Nineteenth Century and, in 1844, proclaimed a new era of gender relations?
Margaret Fuller
Which statement summarizes the publication of Herman Melville's Moby Dick?
Middle-class readers rejected the dark narrative.
What two major works of the 1850s lauded social restraint and criticized individualism?
Moby Dick and The Scarlet Letter
Why did the Virginia assembly reject a bill providing for the gradual emancipation and colonization abroad of African Americans in 1831?
Nat Turner's Rebellion had raised the fear of black violence.
In Springfield, Illinois, in 1842, Abraham Lincoln, then a young politician, praised members of the Washington Temperance Society because they "teach hope to all—despair to none. As applying to their cause, they deny the doctrine of unpardonable sin." What had the Washingtonians done to earn Lincoln's praise?
Provided moral support for recovering alcoholics
What was a strategy that evangelical abolitionists used to attack slavery beginning in the 1830s?
Publicizing the evils of slavery
Attacks on abolitionist meetings and newspaper offices revealed what underlying factor in white American society?
Racism
What former minister who moved to Concord, Massachusetts, was the leading voice of transcendentalism?
Ralph Waldo Emerson
By the 1840s, approximately one thousand escaped slaves reached freedom in northern states or Canada each year in what way?
Receiving help from the Underground Railroad
Why were most teachers women by the 1850s?
School boards believed that women were better suited for the profession.
Mother Ann's followers were known by what name?
Shakers
Why did the Mormon community in Utah succeed?
Shared hard work
Why did young girls in mid-nineteenth century cities turn to prostitution?
Some poor young women did not like the alternative ways of making a living.
To whom did Brook Farm primarily appeal?
Teachers, writers, and students
Which of the following is suggested by the illustration that accompanied David Walker's An Appeal . . . to the Colored Citizens of the World (1829)?
That blacks on earth had a divine right to justice and liberty
Joseph Smith said he translated which book from ancient hieroglyphics?
The Book of Mormon
Albert Brisbane promoted the concepts of cooperative work and the phalanx in what work?
The Social Destiny of Man
Based on this map, which area of the country would most likely be called the "Cotton Belt"?
The area with a slave population of 50 percent or more from Georgia to Texas
country would most likely be called the "Cotton Belt"?
The area with a slave population of 50 percent or more from Georgia to Texas
What movement, which was launched in 1826, hosted lectures and discussions in many different towns and counted Ralph Waldo Emerson as its most popular speaker?
The lyceum
Why did Ralph Waldo Emerson's ideas have the greatest impact on the middle class?
The middle class had already embraced moral perfection and moral free agency.
Which statement explains the popularity of minstrelsy after 1830?
The shows united white Americans in their sense of superiority over blacks
How did northern white populations respond to African Americans' efforts to gain "respectability" in the early republic?
They lashed out violently.
Why did the Mormons move their communities several times?
They were persecuted by other groups.
What effect did Albert Brisbane believe that the formation of groups called phalanxes would have on gender relations?
They would liberate women.
William Lloyd Garrison's insistence on broadening the abolitionist agenda split the organization by pushing out which group?
Those who did not support women's rights
Between the 1820s and 1860s, on which group of people was urban popular culture based?
Thousands of young rural people who flocked to the city in search of fortune and adventure
Henry David Thoreau named his most famous book after which location, where he went to experiment with a life of self-reliance?
Walden Pond
Perfectionists of the early 1800s believed that freedom from sin was possible
because the Second Coming of Christ had already occurred.
The Mormons differed from other communal experiments in their
emphasis on traditional patriarchal authority.
Why did Dorothea Dix lobby the Massachusetts legislature for an enlargement of the state hospital for mental patients?
Dix objected to the fact that mentally ill women were jailed alongside men.
What practice did the Shakers adopt as a result of their belief that God was both male and female?
Eliminating gender distinctions