History: Chapter 12
E Bonds
$18.75 loan to government; redeemable for $25 after 10 years
Guadalcanal
1942-1944 US captured enough islands to surround Japanese base
How many Nazi's were tried at Nuremburg?
22 Nazi leaders were tried at Nuremburg.
How did the status of African Americans in the armed forces change during the war?
African Americans were integrated into military bases and had their roles in the armed forces steadily rise. In 1948, the military became fully integrated.
Manhattan Project
American Atomic Bomb Program
What did the Allies do to win the Battle of the Atlantic?
American airplanes and warships began to use radar, sonar, and depth charges to find/locate German submarines, allowing them to win the Battle of Atlantic.
Why did many Americans consider zoot suits unpatriotic?
Americans considered zoot suits to be unpatriotic as they were baggy and wasted much fabric, while patriotic Americans wore minimal "Victory Suits".
What agreements were made when Stalin, Roosevelt and Churchill met in Tehran?
At the meeting in Tehran, Stalin agreed to a full-scale offensive, Roosevelt and Stalin agreed to break-up Germany post-war, and Stalin would help the US against Japan after defeating Germany, and would accept Roosevelt's international peace organization post-war.
V-J Day
August 15, 1945; day Japan surrendered
How many tons of explosives were dropped on Germany every month between 1943-1945?
Between 1943-1945, ~53,000 tons of explosives were dropped on Germany every month.
Charles Nimitz
Commander of the US Navy in the Pacific
What government policies helped American industry to produce large quantities of war materials?
Cost-Plus Contracts, Reconstruction Finance Corporation, and War Production Board helped American industry to produce large quantities of war materials.
What was Erwin Rommel's nickname?
Erwin Rommel's nickname was the "Desert Fox".
Douglas MacArthur
General in Philippines who led troops for 3+ Months in bad terrain, but was told by President to leave to Australia
George Patton
George Patton was the American General who captured Casablanca.
Why was it important for Germany to capture Stalingrad?
It was important for Germany to capture Stalingrad, because it controlled the Volga River and was a major railroad junction, which could allow the Germans to cut off Soviet resources.
How did mobilizing the economy help end the Great Depression?
Mobilizing the economy helped end the Great Depression as 19 million new jobs and nearly doubled the average family's income.
What was agreed to at the Casablanca Conference?
Roosevelt and Churchill agreed to step up the bombing of Germany at the Casablanca Conference.
Why did racism lead to violence in Detroit in 1943?
Suspicion and Intolerance led to a racial between white and African American teenage girls, leading to riots across the city.
Why was the Battle of Midway considered a turning point in the war?
The Battle of Midway was considered to be a turning point in the war as Japan lost 4 of its largest carriers, stopping the Japanese advance.
Why was the Battle of the Bulge such a disastrous defeat for Germany?
The Battle of the Bulge was a disastrous defeat for Germany as they suffered 100,000+ casualties and lost many tanks/aircraft.
What did the OES regulate?
The Office of Economic Stabilization (OES) regulated wages and the price of farm products.
What battle did the Tuskegee Airmen help win?
The Tuskegee Airmen helped win the Battle of Anzio in Italy.
Which region had the largest influx of new residents during the war?
The West had the largest influx of new residents during the war.
Why was it important for the US to capture Iwo Jima?
The capture of Iwo Jima was important as it was halfway between the Marines and Japan.
What conditions had to be met before Eisenhower could order D-Day to begin?
The weather, tides, and full moon were essential for D-Day.
What strategy did the United States Navy use to advance across the Pacific?
To advance across the Pacific, the US Navy hopped from one-island to another, close and close to Japan.
What issues did Truman consider before using the atomic bomb?
Truman considered US Troop Casualties before using the Atomic Bomb.
Why did wages and prices rise quickly during the war?
Wages and prices began to rise quickly during the war because of the high demand for workers and raw materials.
liberty ships
basic cargo ship used in the war; welded, cheap, easy to build, hard to sink
Rosie the Riveter
character from a song who worked in a factory; advertisement used to convince women to work
James Doolittle
commander of the mission that dropped bombs on Japan for 1st time
victory gardens
gardens planted in any area of land to produce more food
cost-plus contracts
government agrees to pay a company whatever it costs to make a product plus a guaranteed percentage of the costs as profit
A. Philip Randolph
head of a major union for African American railroad workers who threatened a march on Washington
rationing
limiting the availability of many products to make sure enough were available for military use
Kamikaze
pilots who deliberately crashed their planes into American ships
Selective Service and Training Act of 1940
plan for the first peacetime draft in American history
United Nations
political organization created by Roosevelt
War Production Board
set priorities and production goals and controlled the distribution of raw materials and supplies
Operation Overlord
the planned invasion of France led by Eisenhower
Harry S. Truman
vice president who became president after Roosevelt died of a stroke