History Chapter 13

Which of the following was NOT a provision of the Compromise of 1850?

The territories of New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, and Nevada would be created.

A young minister converted by the evangelical preacher Charles G. Finney, ____________ helped to create a mass constituency for abolitionism by training speakers and publishing pamphlets.

Theodore Weld

How did reformers reconcile their desire to create moral order with their quest to enhance personal freedom?

They argued that too many people were "slaves" to various sins and that freeing them from this enslavement would enable them to compete economically.

Which statement about Shakers is FALSE?

They practiced "complex marriage" and publicly recorded sexual relations.

How did the abolitionists link themselves to the nation's Revolutionary heritage?

They seized on the preamble to the Declaration of Independence as an attack against slavery.

Which of the following statements related to ethnicity was true in California in the 1850s?

Thousands of Indian children were declared orphans and treated as slaves.

The death of Elijah Lovejoy in 1837

convinced many northerners that slavery was incompatible with white Americans' liberties.

Abolitionists challenged stereotypes about African-Americans by:

countering the pseudoscientific claim that they formed a separate species.

Angelina and Sarah Grimké

critiqued the prevailing notion of separate spheres for men and women.

The frontispiece of the 1848 edition of David Walker's book depicts a black figure receiving "liberty" and "justice" from:

heaven.

Horace Mann believed that public schools would do all of the following EXCEPT:

help eliminate racial discrimination

When Democrats demanded the "re-annexation" of Texas in 1844, they

implied that Texas had once been part of the United States through the Louisiana Purchase.

Burned-over districts were

in New York and Ohio, where intense revivals occurred.

The role of African-Americans in the abolitionist movement

included helping to finance William Lloyd Garrison's newspaper.

Although it only lasted a few years, the New Harmony community

influenced education reformers and women's rights advocates.

During his debate with Abraham Lincoln in Freeport, Illinois, Stephen Douglas

insisted that popular sovereignty was compatible with the Dred Scott decision.

When Mexico won its independence from Spain in 1821

its Native American population was relatively large compared to its non-Indian population.

What attracted voters to the Know-Nothing Party

its denunciation of Roman Catholic immigrants

American settlement in Texas in the 1820s and 1830s:

led Stephen Austin to demand more autonomy from Mexican officials.

The Republican free labor ideology

led to the argument by Abraham Lincoln and William Seward that free labor and slave labor were essentially incompatible.

On matters related to citizenship, the U.S. Supreme Court declared in Dred Scott that

only white persons could be U.S. citizens.

The gag rule:

prevented Congress from hearing antislavery petitions.

In 1846, Congressman David Wilmot proposed to:

prohibit slavery from all territory acquired from Mexico.

The colonization of freed U.S. slaves to Africa:

prompted the adamant opposition of most free African-Americans.

The Lecompton Constitution was the

proslavery constitution proposed for Kansas.

Democratic Party split in 1860 over the question of whether to:

protect slavery in the territories or allow popular sovereignty in them.

According to John L. O'Sullivan's Democratic Review, what was the key to the history of nations and the rise and fall of empires?

race

The opponents of the Compromise of 1850

received a boost from President Zachary Taylor.

The American Tract Society was focused on:

religion.

The California gold rush

resulted in laws that discriminated against "foreign miners."

Utopian communities were unlikely to attract much support because most Americans:

saw property ownership as key to economic independence, but nearly all the utopian communities insisted members give up their property.

In the 1850s, Tennessee-born William Walker became famous for:

seeking to establish himself as ruler of a slaveholding Nicaragua.

The reform communities established in the years before the Civil War:

set out to reorganize society on a cooperative basis.

James Polk had four clearly defined goals when he entered the White House. Which was NOT one of his goals?

settle the slavery dispute

William Lloyd Garrison:

suggested that the North dissolve the Union to free itself of any connection to slavery

The proliferation of new institutions such as poorhouses and asylums for the insane during the antebellum era demonstrated the:

tension between liberation and control in the era's reform movements.

What did reformers commonly believe about prisons and asylums?

that they could rehabilitate individuals and then release them back into society

With the exception of Alaska, what was the last piece of territory acquired by the United States toward the solidification of its present boundaries in North America

the Gadsden Purchase

What 1854 document called for the United States to seize Cuba?

the Ostend Manifesto

Which of the following was NOT a reform movement in which women played a prominent role during the early to mid-nineteenth century?

the anti-Mexican-War movement

What did the Fourth of July represent to Frederick Douglass?

the hypocrisy of a nation that proclaimed liberty but sanctioned slavery

Presidents Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren rejected adding Texas to the United States because:

the presence of slaves there would re-ignite the issue of slavery, and they preferred to avoid it.

The controversy over the arrest of Anthony Burns in 1854 shows

the unpopularity of the Fugitive Slave Act in parts of the North.

According to the mid-nineteenth-century physicians and racial theorists Josiah Nott and George Gliddon:

there was a hierarchy of races, with blacks forming a separate species between whites and chimpanzees.

According to Alexis de Tocqueville, what were the most important institutions for organizing Americans

voluntary associations

Brook Farm

was founded by New England transcendentalists.

Like Indian removal, the colonization of former slaves rested on the premise that America

was fundamentally a white society.

Freedom's Journal:

was the first black-run newspaper in the United States.

The first to apply the abolitionist doctrine of universal freedom and equality to the status of women:

were the Grimké sisters.

Frederick Douglass wrote, "When the true history of the antislavery cause shall be written, ____________ will occupy a large space in its pages."

women

The North-Carolina-born free black whose Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World won widespread attention was

David Walker.

The Republican Party founded in the 1850s strongly endorsed the same policy about slavery in the territories that ____________ had begun advocating in 1846.

David Wilmot

By 1856, the Republican Party included individuals who had been, until rather recently, members of each of the following political groups EXCEPT:

Federalists.

Before the Civil War, who came to believe that the U.S. Constitution did not provide national protection to the institution of slavery?

Frederick Douglass

The antislavery poet John Greenleaf Whittier compared reformer Abby Kelley to:

Helen of Troy, who sowed the seeds of male destruction.

Which two political figures agreed to keep the issue of annexing Texas out of the 1844 presidential campaign if possible

Henry Clay and Martin Van Buren

Who wrote "On Civil Disobedience" as a response to the U.S. war with Mexico?

Henry David Thoreau

In 1821, the opening of the Santa Fe Trail between Santa Fe and ______________ led to a reorientation of New Mexico's commerce from the rest of Mexico to the United States

Independence, Missouri

Why did Mississippi politician Jefferson Davis object in the 1850s to the original design of the Statue of Freedom that now adorns the U.S. Capitol dome?

Its use of an ancient Roman liberty cap on "Freedom" raised a touchy matter about slaves' longing for freedom

Who was responsible for the 1856 Pottawatomie Creek Massacre in Kansas and led the raid on the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia, in 1859q

John Brown

The Republican presidential candidate in 1856 was:

John Frémont.

____________ was established in hopes of making abolitionism a political movement.

Liberty Party

In 1854, the Know-Nothings won all the congressional races as well as the governorship in

Massachusetts.

What American naval officer negotiated a treaty that opened two Japanese ports to U.S. ships in 1854?

Matthew Perry

term "Californios" referred in the 1830s and 1840s to ____________ in California.

Mexican cattle ranchers

Which of the following correctly pairs the reform community with the state in which it was located

New Harmony: Indiana

Fifty-four forty or fight" referred to demands for American control of:

Oregon.

Which of the following countries did NOT go through some kind of popular upheaval in 1848?

Russia

At the end of their trek in the mid-1840s, Mormons led by Brigham Young founded:

Salt Lake City, Utah.

All of the following are true of Margaret Fuller EXCEPT

She was the first feminist leader educated at a major college.

The 1860 Republican platform stated all of the following EXCEPT

Slavery should be abolished in the nation's capital.

Why did slavery become more central to American politics in the 1840s?

Territorial expansion raised the question of whether new lands should be free or slave.

How did the abolitionist movement that arose in the 1830s differ from earlier antislavery efforts

The later movement drew much more on the religious conviction that slavery was an unparalleled sin and needed to be destroyed immediately.

During the Mexican War

for the first time, the U.S. troops occupied a foreign capital.

In the 1860 election, how many different presidential candidates won electoral votes?

four

The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850:

gave new powers to federal officers to override local law enforcement.

About ____________ reform communities, often called utopian communities, were established in the United States during the first half of the nineteenth century.

100

Who questioned President Polk's right to declare war by introducing a resolution to Congress requesting the president to specify the precise spot where blood had first been shed?

Abraham Lincoln

Who founded the Shakers

Ann Lee

During the 1850s, 80 percent of the world's gold came from two places that experienced gold rushes at about the same time, California and:

Australia.

Members of which of the following groups were generally opposed to the temperance movement?

Catholics

William Lloyd Garrison published an abolitionist newspaper called

The Liberator.

Which statement about the Mormons, a group founded by Joseph Smith, is FALSE?

The Mormons were founded in the 1840s as an offshoot of Methodism.

of the following is an example of the political impact of the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

The Whig Party collapsed, and many disgruntled northerners joined the new Republican Party.

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo of 1848 provided for all of the following EXCEPT

U.S. control of all of the Oregon Country.

The famous Lincoln-Douglas debates took place during the campaign for

U.S. senator from Illinois in 1858.

What book was to some extent modeled on the autobiography of fugitive slave Josiah Henson?

Uncle Tom's Cabin

organized abolitionist movement split into two wings in 1840, largely over

a dispute concerning the proper role of women in antislavery work.

What was a "bloomer" in the 1850s

a feminist style of dress

The caning of Charles Sumner by Preston Brooks

actually helped the new Republican Party.

William Lloyd Garrison argued in Thoughts on African Colonization that

blacks were not "strangers" in America to be shipped abroad, but should be recognized as a permanent part of American society.

Stephen Douglas's motivation for introducing the Kansas-Nebraska Act was to

boost efforts to build a transcontinental railroad.

The Oneida community

controlled which of its members would be allowed to reproduce

The Seneca Falls Convention's Declaration of Sentiments

condemned the entire structure of inequality between men and women.

Dorothea Dix devoted much time to the crusade for the:

construction of humane mental hospitals for the insane.

The Dred Scott decision of the U.S. Supreme Court

declared Congress could not ban slavery from territories.

The Free Soil Party

demonstrated that antislavery sentiment had spread far beyond abolitionist ranks.

Abby Kelley

demonstrated the interconnectedness of nineteenth-century reform movements.

By 1840, the temperance movement in the United States had:

encouraged a substantial decrease in the consumption of alcohol.

Common schools:

existed in every northern state by the time of the Civil War.