History-Chapter 14 + 15

54th Massachusetts Infantry

(July 1863) This was a heroic African American Civil War regiment that led a charge on Fort Wagner in South Carolina. They took heavy fire and suffered huge casualties in their failed attempt to take the fort.

They could move people, food and military supplies at will.

The Union had about 13,000 more miles of railroads than the Confederacy. In what way do you think this helped the Union?

The North could continue to finance the war.

The Union had far greater financial resources than the Confederacy. In what way do you think this helped the Union?

1) The Union had a huge advantage in producing war materials 2) The Union had the access to a more extensive railroad system to get the war materials to the front.

The Union had far greater industrial production than the Confederacy. Name 2 ways you think this helped the Union?

The Wilderness Campaign was a series of battles designed to capture the Confederate capital at Richmond, Virginia.

What was Grant;s Wilderness Campaign? What was it supposed to accomplish?

He changed it to freeing slaves because he knew that European power wouldn't want to assist the South anymore.

Why did Lincoln change the reason for fighting the war?

Border states still had slaves and if he had freed slaves everywhere the border states might join the Confederates.

Why did Lincoln only free states in rebelling areas?

Lincoln wanted to be in a strong position in the war before his plan. After the victory at Antietam he issued the proclamation.

Why did Lincoln wait until he did to give the Emancipation Proclamation?

Lincoln hoped the action might hurt the South's ability to wage war as slaves escaped to Union camps. He also hoped that the northern war effort would be helped as freed slaves joined the Union ranks.

Why did Lincoln write the Emancipation Proclamation?

Once the southern states seceded, the Confederacy beloved they had a right to take the fort, which they considered to no longer be in federally controlled territory.

Why did the Confederacy attack Fort Sumter?

California wanted to join the Union as a free state. If allowed to do so, it would upset the balance between free and slave states in Congress.

Why did the admission of California cause controversy with the slavery issue?

Virginia contained the Confederate capital while Maryland had the Union capital. If either of the capitals had been captured, it would have been a serious psychological defeat for either side and possibly turned the tide of the war. Pennsylvania was on the border between the North and the South and held the line between the two sides.

Why do you think that so many battles in the war would be fought in this area of the country?

Sovereignty

supreme authority

Bull Run/Manassas

During which battle did Stonewall Jackson become famous?

women, special

Educational reform efforts also created more opportunities for __________ and those people with ___________ needs.

The Democratic Party split over the issue of slavery and ran 2 candidates, Stephen Douglas and John C. Breckridge. The Constitutional Union Party formed and selected John Bell as their candidate. Republicans put forth Abraham Lincoln as their presidential candidate.

Explain the election of 1860.

contrabands

These were escaped slaved who joined the Union army during the Civil War.

ironclads

These were warships that were heavily armored with iron.

Confederate

Who won the first Bull Run/Manassas Battle?

Preston Brooks attached Charles Sumner on the Senate floor because of his anti-slavery speeches and as revenge for him insulting his uncle.

Why did Bully Brooks beat up Senator Sumner?

His master had taken him with him Illinois and Wisconsin, which were free states. When they returned to Missouri, Emerson died. Scott then became the slave of Emerson's widow. Scott sued for his freedom because he felt he had become free when he lived in a free territory. Missouri's lower court ruled in favor of Scott saying he was free. However, the Missouri Supreme Court overturned this decision. After 11 year in court, the case finally reached the US Supreme Court.

Why did Dred Scott sue for his freedom?

It was important because by then everybody knew that the Union was going to win the war.

Why was Vicksburg so important?

Roger B. Taney

(1777-1864) He was a U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice who wrote the majority opinion in the Dred Scott decision (ruling), stating that African Americans were not citizens and that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional

Winfield Scott

(1786-1866) He was an American general who served as commander in the Mexican American War and used a two-part strategy against the south in the Civil War; he wanted to destroy the South's economy with a naval blockade and gain control of the Mississippi River.

John J. Crittenden

(1787-1863) He was a Kentucky senator who attempted to save the Union by reconciling differences between northern and southern states in the Senate proposal known as the Crittenden's Compromise.

James Buchanan

(1791-1868) He was an American politician and fifteenth president of the United States. He was chosen as the Democratic nominee for president in 1854 for being politically experienced (Polk's Secretary of State & ambassador to Great Britain) and not offensive to slave states.

David Farragut

(1801-1870) He was an American soldier who was the first commissioned American admiral, and in the Civil War he captured New Orleans and maintained a blockade along the Gulf Coast against Confederate forces.

Franklin Pierce

(1804-1869) He was the Democratic candidate for president in 1852 and the 14th president of the United States. He made the Gadsden Purchase which opened the Northwest for settlement and passed the unpopular Kansas-Nebraska Act. The election of 1852 was greatly influenced by the issue of the expansion of slavery in the U.S.

Jefferson Davis

(1808-1889) He was the first and only president of the Confederate States of America after the election of President Abraham Lincoln in 1860 led to the secession of many southern states.

Abraham Lincoln

(1809-1865) He was the 16th President of the United States.

Harriet Beecher Stowe

(1811-1896) She was an American author and daughter of Lyman Beecher. She was an abolitionist and author of the famous antislavery novel Uncle Tom's Cabin

Stephen Douglas

(1813-1861) He was an American politician and pro-slavery nominee for president. He debated Abraham Lincoln about slavery during the Illinois senatorial race. He proposed the unpopular Kansas-Nebraska Act to gain southern support for the transcontinental railroad and established the Freeport Doctrine, upholding the idea of popular sovereignty.

John C. Fremont

(1813-1890) He was an American explorer, army officer, and politician who was chosen as the first Republican candidate for president. He was against the spread of slavery and was rejected by all but the free states as a "single issue" candidate in the election of 1856.

George B. Meade

(1815-1872) He was an American army officer who served as a Union general at major Civil War battles. He forced back General Lee's Confederate army at Gettysburg but failed to obtain a decisive victory.

Preston Brooks

(1819-1857) He was an American Congressman who assaulted and beat Senator Charles Sumner for his antislavery speeches and for insulting a pro- slavery relative. He was nicknamed Bully Brooks by northerners.

William Tecumseh Sherman

(1820-1891) He was an American Union army officer whose famous March to the Sea captured Atlanta, Georgia, marking an important turning point to the war. He used "total war" to destroy the South.

Clara Barton

(1821-1912) She was the founder of the American Red Cross who obtained and administered supplies and care to the Union soldiers during the American Civil War. She was known as the "angel of the battlefield".

Ulysses S. Grant

(1822-1885) He was the eighteenth president of the United States who received a field promotion to lieutenant general in chard of all Union forces after leading a successful battle. He accepted General Lee's surrender of Confederate forces at Appomattox Courthouse, ending the Civil War.

Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson

(1824-1863) He was an American Confederate general who led the Shenandoah Valley campaign and fought with Lee in the Seven Days' Battles and the First and Second Battles of Bull Run.

George Picket

(1825-1875) He was an American general in the Confederate army who was famed for Pickett's Charge.

George B. McClellan

(1826-1885) He was an American army general put in charge of Union troops and later removed by Lincoln for failure to press Lee's Confederate troops in Richmond.

Anthony Burns

(1834-1862) He was an American enslaved African who ran away and was arrested in Boston. His arrest became the center of violent protests by northern opponents of the Fugitive Slave Act.

Lucy Stone, Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Who were the main leaders of the Women's Rights Movement?

Wilmot Proviso

(1846) This was a proposal to outlaw slavery in the territory added to the United States by the Mexican Cession after the Mexican-American War. It was passed in the House of Representatives but was defeated in the Senate.

Fugitive Slave Act (Law)

(1850) This was a law that made it a crime to help runaway slaves; allowed for the arrest of escaped slaves in areas where slavery was illegal and required their return to slaveholders; northerners hated it because they were being forced to become part of the slave system.

Kansas-Nebraska Act

(1854) This was a law that divided the Louisiana Purchase into 2 territories; allowed voters in Kansas and Nebraska to choose whether to allow slavery (using popular sovereignty); and lifted the restriction on slavery made under the Missouri Compromise (erased the 36°30' line).

Pottawatomie Massacre

(1856) This was an incident, led by abolitionist John Brown, in which he & seven other men murdered pro-slavery people causing civil war to begin in Kansas.

Freeport Doctrine

(1858) This was a statement made by Stephen Douglas during the Lincoln-Douglas debates that said that people could use popular sovereignty to determine if their state or territory should permit slavery.

First Battle of Bull Run

(1861) This was the first major battle of the Civil War, resulting in a Confederate victory; showed that the Civil War would not be won easily.

Second Battle of Bull Run

(1862) This was a Civil War battle in which the Confederate army forced most of the Union army out of Virginia.

Battle of Antietam

(1862) This was a Union victory in the Civil War that marked the bloodiest single-day battle in U.S. military history.

Seven Days' Battle

(1862) This was a a series of Civil War battles in which Confederate army successes forced the Union army to retreat from Richmond, Virginia, the Confederate capital.

Emancipation Proclamation

(1862) This was an order issued by President Abraham Lincoln that freed the slaves in areas rebelling against the Union that took effect January 1, 1863.

Battle of Gettysburg

(1863) This was a Union Civil War victory that turned the tide against the Confederates at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.

Gettysburg Address

(1863) This was a speech given by Abraham Lincoln to dedicate a battlefield as a cemetery in which he praised the bravery of Union soldiers and renewed his commitment to winning the Civil War.

Siege of Vicksburg

(1863) This was the Union army's six-weak blockade of Vicksburg that led the city to surrender during the Civil War

Wilderness Campaign

(1864) This was a series of battles between the Union and Confederate forces in northern and central Virginia that delayed the Union capture of Richmond.

Antietam Creek, September 17, 1863, union, bloodiest

After being driven from Virginia, the Union finally won the key battle of Antietam. List 4 facts about the battle. 1. This battle took place along __________ ________ in Maryland on _______________ ___, ________ (date 2. The _________ suffered 12,000 casualties and the _________ 13,000. 3. It was known as the ____________ one-day battle of the Civil War. 4. More soldiers were killed or wounded in this battle than ll the deaths of all Americans in the American Revolution, the War of 1812, and the Mexican American War combined.

He was born in 1809 into a poor Kentucky family. Although he was mail self-educated, he studied law, became a lawyer and eventually practiced law and politics in Springfield. His political career was varied consisting of being State Legislator, running for the U.S. Senate and becoming President of the United States in 1860. He led the states through the Civil War and within weeks of it ending, was assented at the age of 56.

Briefly Summarize Lincoln's life?

They left the Union because they thought Lincoln was going to send federal troops invade their territory.

By the time Lincoln took office, seven states had left the Union. Why did they leave?

They were slaves states that were between the North and South and didn't join the Confederacy during the Civil War.

Define border states

border states

Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland and Missouri were slave states that lay between the North and the South that did not join the confederacy during the Civil War.

General Sherman believed that total war would ruin the South's economy and its ability to fight.

Describe General Sherman's reasoning for his "total war" "March to the Sea" through Georgia from Atlanta to Savannah.

camouflaged

Describe New Orleans Unable to destroy the two forts protection New Orleans, Farragut _________________ his fleet and led a daring and successful pre-dawn dash past the forts, after which he easily took the city of New Orleans.

Mississippi River, surrender

Describe Vicksburg Farragut sailed up the _________________ _________ towards the city of Vicksburg. Vicksburg's strategic position on a high cliff above the Mississippi River made invasion all but impossible. Even though Farragut's gun had difficult reaching the city, he ordered Vicksburg to ______________.

The US won the Mexican War and they gained a lot of land. This led to the debates on whether or not slavery should expand in those territories.

Describe how the Mexican War led to concerns with the slavery issue.

The Confederates had captured the Union steamship, Merrimack, and turned it into an ironclad. On March 1862, the Merrimack sailed into Hampton Roads and sank two Union wooden ships. About a month later, the Merrimack returned to Hampton roads but this time the Union's Monitor was waiting. After hours of fighting, neither ship was seriously damaged, but the Monitor forced the Merrimack to withdraw.

Describe the epic battle of iron clads ships, the Monitor and the Merrimack

Manassas, Richmond, Bull Run, Union

Describe the first battle at Bull Run/Manassas? The Union army wanted to seize _____________ and important railroad junction, in order to control the best route to the Confederate capital, _____________. P.G.T Beauregard tried to block the Union advance across _____ _____ creek. After two days, On July 21, 1861, Confederate reinforcements joined Beauregard's men. The Union troops were almost successful in driving the Confederate line back across the creek had it not been for the Virginia volunteers who streamed in an counter attacked. The battle raged throughout the day and finally the Union troops gave out. The _________ tried to retreat in a orderly fashion but due to panicked speculators who blocked the roads with carriages, the Union troops scattered in the chaos.

John Brown did not succeed.

Did John Brown succeed in his plan?

No because it was really hard to force federal authority in the areas where it applied.

Did the Emancipation Proclamation really free any states?

Southerners felt threatened by the actions of John Brown and feared that "John Brown the Second" might attack them. Fears were voiced in southern newspaper as well as possible secession.

Did the Southerners have good reason not to trust Northerners by 1860?

July 1, 1863, George G Meade, largest bloodiest, Union, Union, turning point

Give 5 significant facts about the Battle of Gettysburg 1. It began on ______ ___, ________ at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania 2. Robert E. Lee's troops fought _________ __ ______'s Union forced. 3. It was the ______________ and _____________ battle of the Civil War. In three days more than 51,000 soldiers were killed wounded, captured, or went missing. 4. ________ casualties more than 23,000 while the Confederacy suffered more than 28,000. 5. It was an important victory for the _______. It was considered the ____________ _______ of the war.

Fort Sumter, Confederates, ships, Major Robert Anderson

Give five facts/steps that led to the firing on Fort Sumter and its final surrender 1. _____ ___________ was a federal fort that controlled the entrance to Charleston Harbor 2. The ____________________ placed heavy guns around the harbor. 3. Confederate officials demanded that the fort be evacuated. 4. Lincoln refused to surrender the fort and instead sent _______ with supplies to defend the fort. 5. When ________ ___________ _______________ refused to evacuate the Confederates began firing on the fort. After a 34 hour bombardment, the fort surrendered this beginning the Civil War.

medicines, amputated, prisons, starvation

Give six facts about the difficult conditions that soldiers faced during the war. 1. ancient battlefields formation caused massive casualties 2. no _____________ were available to stop infections 3. arms and legs were often ____________ without painkillers 4. nearly twice as many soldiers died of illnesses as in combat. 5. overcrowded __________ provided little shelter, food or clothing 6. ____________________ and disease killed thousands of prisoners.

Kentucky and Missouri controlled parts of important rivers. Maryland separated the Union capital, Washington, d.c. from the North. People in the border states were divided on the war, therefore Lincoln sent in federal troops to help keep them in the Union.

Give three reasons why it was important that the border states stayed in the Union.

southerners-they were angry because they felt it was an outrageous view of southern life. northerners- They were influenced to support the abolitionist movement.

How did northerners and southerners react to Uncle Tom's Cabin?

they criticized his extreme actions, but viewed him as a hero

How did northerners view John Brown?

Utopian Communities

Groups of people who tried to form a perfect society experimented with this new type of living arrangement

Abraham Lincoln

He promoted equal rights for African Americans in the famed Lincoln-Douglas debates.

Robert E. Lee

He was an American soldier who refused Lincoln's offer to head the Union army and agreed to lead Confederate forces. He successfully led several major battles until his defeat at Gettysburg, and he surrendered to General Grant at Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia.

Charles Sumner

He was an antislavery senator from Massachusetts who insulted a pro- slavery senator from South Carolina (Pickens Butler) and caused Preston Brooks, a relative of Butler's, to respond by beating Sumner with a cane in the Senate chambers.

Dred Scott

He was an enslaved African who filed suit for this freedom stating that his time living in a free state made him a free man; the U.S. Supreme Court ruling, known as the Dred Scott decision upheld slavery and found the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional.

John Bell

He was the Constitutional Union Party presidential candidate from Tennessee in the 1860 election. He was a slaveholder but opposed the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854.

John C. Breckinridge

He was the Southern Democratic Party presidential candidate in the election of 1860; he was the current vice president (from Kentucky) who supported slavery in the territories. As a senator from Kentucky he proposed a series of constitutional amendments aimed at protecting slavery.

Moby-Dick

Herman Melville's novel is thought to be one of the finest American novels ever written.

Abraham Lincoln

His election in 1860, as President of the United States angered southerners and caused the secession of southern states from the Union. He issued the Emancipation Proclamation and set in motion the Civil War but was determined to preserve the Union.

they were scared and began talking about leaving the Union

Ho did southerners view John Brown?

African Americans, laborers, contrabands, 54th Massachusetts, Fort Wagner

How did African Americans take part of the war? Due to increasing casualties, the Union reluctantly accepted ___________ _______________ into military service. In July, 1862, Congress allowed African Americans to volunteer as _____________ and the War Department allowed ___________________, or escaped slaves, to join. By the spring of 1863 African Americans units were engaged in combat. The ______ _________________ heroically led the charge of _______ ____________ in the South Caroline in July 1863.

Farragut led key attacks on the southern ports of Vicksburg and New Orleans.

How did Farragut help the war effort?

Confederate troops mounted on th high bluffs of Vicksburg made it impossible for Union ships to get past. After 2 unsuccessful assaults on the city, Grant was forced to lay siege to the city. After six week of bombardment, the Confederates surrendered. .

How did Grant defeat Vicksburg?

Lincoln was able to win 180 out of 183 electoral votes in only the free states, because the Republican Party was unified behind him. Douglas only won state earning him only 12 electoral votes. Finally, Bell and Breckindge split electoral votes in the southern states.

How did Lincoln win?

The Kansas-Nebraska Territory divided the Louisiana Purchase into two territories. These territories would decide the issue of slavery by popular sovereignty. The Missouri Compromise Line was erased.

How did the Kansas-Nebraska Act overturn the Missouri Compromise>

They were shocked. The decision went against the Republican platform in 1856 which wanted to stop the spread of slavery into the West. They feared that now the spread of slavery wouldn't stop with federal territories but it might allow slavery in all parts of the United States.

How did the northerners react to the Dred Scott decision?

They liked the decision and felt it finally settled the question of slavery in favor of the South.

How did the southerners react to the Dred Scott decision?

A conflict would arise if the Union sent troops to secure the federal property. The South would look at this as an attack on them even though Lincoln tried to convince Southerners that this government would not provoke a war.

How was it a problem that both the North and South wanted to control the federal property?

Stephen Douglas wanted to build a railroad to the Pacific Ocean starting in Chicago and continuing westward. Southerners wanted the railroad to go to California by a southern route. They agreed to support Douglas's plan if the new territory west of the Missouri was open to slavery.

How was slavery involved in the decision to make a transcontinental railroad?

Popular sovereignty not the Missouri Compromise Line was used to determine slavery, a stronger Fugitive Slave Law was imposed, slave trade was ended in Washington D.C.

How was the Missouri Compromise different to the Compromise of 1850?

Both the North and South received benefits, Henry Clay proposed both compromises, the Union received free states of Maine in the MC and California in the Compromise of 1850.

How was the Missouri Compromise similar to the Compromise of 1850?

federal property

In his inauguration speech, Lincoln said that the federal government would keep its ___________ _____________ in the South.

They could have a large army and also have ample people to work in factories and on farms to support the war effort.

List 2 ways in which the Union's larger population gave it an advantage in the Civil War?

runaway, jury, free, jail, white, testify

List 5 facts of the Fugitive Slave Act. 1. made it a crime to help __________ slaves. 2. northerners felt it have commissioners too much power and was unfair to slaves by giving them a trial without a ______. 3. official could arrest runaway slaves in _____ areas. 4. people who helped runaways faced _______ and fines. 5. slaveholders could use testimony from _____ witnesses but enslaved African Americans accused of being fugitives couldn't ________.

Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri

List the 4 border states

family violence, poverty, criminal behavior

Many American thought that alcohol abuse created social problems such as _________ ____________, ___________, and ____________ _______________.

tenements

Many immigrants lived in dirty, overcrowded and unsafe buildings known as .....?

transcendentalism

Members of this movement believed that people could rise about material things in life.

Emily Dickson

Most of her short, thoughtful poems were published after her death.

1. managed farms and plantations 2. worked in factories 3. comforted wounded soldiers.

Name at least 3 roles/jobs women filled during the war.

Free African American Reform, Temperance Movement, Common-School movement (education reform), Prison Reform

Renewed religious faith led to people becoming involved in movements to improve society. What were four social reform movements of the 1800s?

Republican Party

Some Whigs, Democrats, Free-Soilers and abolitionists joined together to form the Republican Party in 1854; the party was united against the spread of slavery into the western territories.

Since the North had a larger army, it could afford to sustain the casualties. The North lost approximately 18% of its army whereas the South lost about 30% of its army.

The North won the Civil War, even though it lost over 100,000 more soldiers that the South. What do you think explains this?

Second Great Awakening

The ____________ _________ __________________ was a religious movement of Christian renewal in the 1790s and early 1900s.

temperance

The reform movement that wanted people to limit the use of alcohol is known as the _______________ Movement.

Implications

Things that are inferred or deduced.

sectionalism

This is a devotion to the interests of one geographic region over the interests of the country as a whole

popular sovereignty

This is the idea that political power belongs to the people

cotton diplomacy

This referred to the Confederate efforts to use the importance of southern cotton to Britain's textile industry to persuade the British to support the Confederacy in the Civil War .

emancipation

This refers to the freeing of the slaves.

Edgar Allen Poe

This romantic poet wrote the haunting poem, the Raven.

habeas corpus

This term refers to the constitutional protection against unlawful imprisonment. Lincoln suspended this constitutional protection to Copperheads and other enemies of the North and jailed them without evidence or trial.

Ralph Waldo Emerson

This transcendentalist wrote the essay Self reliance in 1841

Compromise of 1850

This was Henry Clay's proposed agreement that allowed California to enter the Union as a free state and divided the rest of the Mexican Cession into two territories (Utah territory & New Mexico Territory) where slavery could be decided by popular sovereignty; it ended the slave trade in Washington DC & made a stronger Fugitive Slave Law.

Battle of Shiloh

This was a Civil War battle in Tennessee in which the Union army gained greater control over the Mississippi River valley.

Appomattox Courthouse

This was a Virginian town where General Robert E. Lee was forces to surrender to General Ulysses S. Grant, thus ending the Civil War.

Fort Sumter

This was a federal outpost in Charleston, South Carolina, that was attacked by the Confederates in April 1861, sparking the Civil War.

Free-Soil Party

This was a political party formed in 1848 by anti-slavery northerners who left the Whig and Democratic parties because neither addressed the slavery issue. (they supported the Wilmot Proviso)

Constitutional Union Party

This was a political party formed in 1860 by a group of northerners and southerners who supported the Union, its laws and the Constitution.

Lincoln-Douglas Debates

This was a series of debates between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas during the 1858 U.S. Senate campaign. These debates were used to announce their candidacies and to gain the support of the voters. These debates focused on the issue of the spread of slavery into the western territories.

total war

This was a type of war in which an army destroys its opponent's ability to fight by targeting civilian and economic as well as military resources.

Uncle Tom's Cabin

This was an anti-slavery novel written by Harriet Beecher Stowe that showed northerners the violent reality of slavery and drew many people to the abolitionist cause; now slavery was not just an economic issue but a moral one

John Brown's raid

This was an incident in which abolitionist John Brown and 21 other men captured a federal arsenal in Harpers Ferry, Virginia, in hope of starting a slave rebellion.

Copperheads

This was the name given to a group of northern Democrats who opposed abolition and sympathized with the South during the Civil War.

Confederate States of America

This was the name of the nation formed by the southern states when they seceded from the Union; also known as the Confederacy.

False (Underground Railroad not American Anti-Slavery Society)

True or False Free African Americans, former slaves, and white abolitionists worked together to form the American Anti-Slavery Society who arranged transportation and hiding places for fugitives.

True

True or False Sojourner Truth contributed to the abolitionist cause with her quick wit and fiery and dramatic speeches as she traveled through the United States preaching the truth about slavery and women's rights.

False (Harriet Tubman not Sojourner Truth)

True or False Sojourner Truth, an escaped slave and conductor on the Underground Railroad, successful led more than 300 slaves to freedom in the North.

True

True or False The American Anti-Slavery Society was an abolitionist group whose members called for freedom and equality for African Americans.

True

True or False Fredrick Douglass, a former slave, was the publisher of an abolitionist newspaper called the North Star.

False

True or False Segregationist was a term used in the debate over slavery in America, which referred to a person who was in favor of ending the practice of slavery.

It was successful, but it was vet hard to maintain. It damaged the southern economy and it reduced the number of ships entering the ports from 6,000 to 800 a year.

Was the Union's blockade strategy successful?

This book was an anti-slavery novel that informed/educated people of the evils of slavery.

What Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin about?

The Union gained greater control of the Mississippi River

What advantage of winning the Battle of Shiloh give the Union?

Because popular sovereignty would be used to decide the issue of slavery in Kansas, slavery and anti-slavery groups rushed to Kansas. Both groups clashed in a mini-civil war.

What cause turmoil in Kansas causing a mini-civil war to erupt "Bleeding Kansas"?

Lincoln viewed the Copperheads as a threat to the war effort. In order to silence them, he suspended the right of habeas corpus. Union officials jailed their enemies, including some copperheads without evidence or trial.

What controversial move did Lincoln make to keep the copperheads under control?

He insisted that he would not change slavery in the South. He said that slavery wouldn't be allowed to expand and would eventually die out completely. He was critical of secession starting that "No state upon its own mere notion, can lawfully get out of the Union... They can only d so against the law and by the revolution."

What did Lincoln say about the South seceding?

He said that he wouldn't attack the South, but he would try to preserve the Union.

What did Lincoln say in his inaugural address to ease the South's fears and to show his intention to preserve the Union? (after he got elected)

Secession was the act of formally withdrawing from the Union. Lincoln didn't carry a single southern states, but still won the presidency. Southern States felt they were losing federal power after the election of Lincoln. They felt that under Lincoln, slavery would be abolished and thus destroy the economy.

What did secession mean and why did Southern States begin to discuss it?

Virginian

What did the Confederates rename the Merrimack ironclad?

They wanted to stop the spread of slavery into the Western Territory.

What did the Republican Party stand for?

They only had 16,000 soldiers at the start, shortages of clothing, food and even rifles and lacked uniforms, volunteers didn't know hoe to fight

What difficulties did the North side have as they started preparing for war?

They had no army, lacked clothing, food, rifles, and uniforms, volunteers didn't know how to fight

What difficulties did the South side have as they started preparing for war?

Atlanta fell on September 2, 1864 with the retreat of Confederate troops from the city. Much of the city was destroyed by artillery and fire. Th loss of Atlanta cost the South an important railroad link and its center of industry.

What effect did Grant's Wilderness Campaign have?

Grant assured Lee that his troops would be fed and allowed to keep their horses. He also assured them they would not be tried for treason.

What generous things did Grant do for Lee's army after they surrendered?

political upheavel

What main issue caused the Germans to leave their country and immigrate to the U.S?

Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, South Carolina

What states were members of the Confederate States?

states rights

What the South's reason for fighting the war?

citizens, Missouri, due process, property

What three decisions did Chief Justice Taney deliver in the Dred Scott Case? 1. African Americans whether free or slave, were no ___________ and therefore Scott didn't have the right to sue in federal court. 2. Scott was not free because he lived in a free state....his status of free or slave depended on the laws of __________. 3. The Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional because the 5th amendment in the Constitution says the no one can be deprived o they property without ____ __________ of law. Slaves were considered ____________, so the denial of slavery would be considered unconstitutional. Therefore, Congress ad no right to ban slavery in any federal territory.

Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Who were the founder of the National Woman Suffrage Association?

He wanted to seize a federal arsenal at Harper's Ferry, Virginia, take the weapons, and arm local slaves. Furthermore, he excepted to kill or take hostages white southerners who tried to stop him. He wanted to get money from abolitionist to support a small army but he was only able to recruit 20 men.

What was John Brown's plan and how did he hope to achieve it?

This was a proclamation by Abraham Lincoln which ordered the freeing of slaves in areas of rebellion.

What was the Emancipation Proclamation?

Th Gettysburg Address was a speech that Lincoln gave to dedicate the battlefield at Gettysburg as a cemetery.

What was the Gettysburg Address?

The Northern Draft was when Congress approved a draft that forced military service.

What was the Northern Draft?

The Union wanted to gain control of the Mississippi River and thereby cut off the eastern part of the South from western food production. From their position on the Mississippi, they could attack southern communication and transportation networks.

What was the Union strategy in the west and why?

The Union's blockade strategy was to set up a blockade of southern ports. The blockade largely prevented the South from selling or receiving goods.

What was the Union's blockade strategy?

It was an idea proposed by David Wilmot yo prohibit slavery in all parts of the Mexican Cession.

What was the Wilmot Proviso?

Declaration of Sentiments

What was the document written at the Seneca Falls Convention?

famine

What was the main problem that brought the Irish to America?

The campaign took a huge toll on Lee's army, which could not get reinforcements, and the Union army closed on Richmond although it was not captured.

What was the outcome of Grant's Wilderness Campaign?

He was convicted of treason, murder, and conspiracy. Brown and some of his men received death sentences. Brown was hanged.

What was the outcome of John Brown after he was arrested?

naval blockade of southern ports, gain control of the Mississippi River, attack Richmond, Virginia the Confederate capital

What were 3 Strategies the Union planned to use

These were the states that seeded from the Union after the 1860 presidential election of Lincoln.

What were the Confederate States of America?

The debates focused upon the spreading of slavery to the West.

What were the Lincoln-Douglas debates mostly about?

The Lincoln debates were when Lincoln challenged Stephen Douglas in debates. They had them to announce they were running and what they believed in. Also, they did it to gain attention.

What were the Lincoln-Douglas debates? Why did they have them?

California, popular sovereignty, fugitive slave

What were the terms of Clay's Compromise of 1850? 1. __________________ would enter the Union as a free state. 2. The Mexican Cession would become federal land and slavery would be decided by ____________ ____________. 3. Texas would give up land east of the upper Rio Grande and the government would pay Texas' debts from when it was an independent republic. 4. Slave trade would end in the nation's capital. 5. The ___________ ________ Law would be strengthened.

nativists

When was the name for Americans who were against immigration?

Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia on April 9, 1865

Where are when did Lee surrender to Grant?

The Northeast

Where did most Irish immigrants settle?

Europe

Where did most of the millions of immigrants come from that settled in the U.S. in the 19th century?

Battle of Gettysburg

Which battle had the most casualties?

Shiloh, Antietam, Vicksburg, Gettysburg

Which battles did the North win? Attack on Fort Sumter 1st Battle of Bull Run Shiloh Vicksburg Gettysburg 2nd Battle of Bull Run Battle of the Seven Days Antietam

Attack on Fort Sumter, 1st Battle of Bull Run, Battle of Seven Days, 2nd Battle of Bull Run

Which battles did the South win? Attack on Fort Sumter 1st Battle of Bull Run Shiloh Vicksburg Gettysburg 2nd Battle of Bull Run Battle of the Seven Days Antietam

1,2,4

Which of the following characteristics describes the German immigrants? 1. skilled 2. came with money 3. poorly educated 4. Catholics, Jews, Protestants

1, 2, 3

Which of the following characteristics describes the Irish Immigrants? 1. poor 2. Catholic 3. unskilled 4. well-educated

Union

Which side had greater financial resources?

Union

Which side had greater manufacturing and iron production?

Ireland, Germany

Which two countries were responsible for the largest amount of immigrants coming to the U.S. in the mid-1800s?

Oberlin

Which was the first college to submit blacks?

Seneca Falls

Which was the first public meeting on women's rights?

Whigs, Democrats, Free-Soilers, abolitionists

Who formed the Republican Party in 1854?

North

Who had more war casualties?

John Brown was a radical abolitionist who moved from the Northeast to Kansas. He was so angry about the Sack of Lawrence that he reacted by going on a rampage and killing many pro-slavery people. The Pottawatomie Creek Massacre cause Kansas to collapse into civil war.

Who was John Brown and what did he do to prevent slavery in Kansas?

Jefferson Davis from Mississippi

Who was the President for the Confederate State? Where was he from?

Copper heads were midwesterners that sympathized with the South and opposed abolition. They believed the war wasn't necessary and called for its end.

Who were copperheads? What did they believe?

Lincoln was important because the actions he took during his presidency symbolized his belief in American democracy. He issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which freed the slaves in the areas of rebellion. His Gettysburg Address was considered one of the greatest political speeches in American history.

Why is Lincoln so important?

This battle was important because it stopped Lee's army from advancing any farther North.

Why was the Battle of Antietam significant?

This battle was important because it stopped Lee'a army from advancing North.

Why was the Battle of Antietam so significant?

In this speech he praised the bravery of the Union soldiers and renewed his commitment to winning the Civil War. It is important because of the valuable ideals he expressed and the power and emotion of the language he used.

Why was the Gettysburg Address so important?

It was significant because it signaled a revolution in naval warfare.

Why was the battle of ironclads, Monitor and the Merrimack so significant?

These debates brought much attention to the conflict over slavery. Lincoln was greatly helped by these debates because they helped him become well-known. His increasing popularity was significant to his election to the president in 1860.

Why were the Lincoln-Douglas debates important?

Horace Mann, salaries, lengthened

__________ ________ was the leader of the common-school movement. He improved education by doubling the school's budget and raising teacher' ___________. He also ________________ the school day and began the first school to formally train teachers.

Lyman Beecher

______________ _____________, a traditional minister, wanted to stop these religious revival meetings from begin he'd in his city of Boston.

Proviso

a condition, as part of an agreement

Secession

formally withdrawing

Abolitionists

people working to end slavery