History Chapter 15

What did the struggle to increase royal revenues by Cardinal Mazarin lead to?

Fronde

How did Frederick William the Great Elector persuade the Junkers to accept taxation for army?

He confirmed Junkers' privileges over serfs.

How did Cardinal increase the power of centralized French state?

He extended the use of intendants, commissioners 32 district

How did Frederick William I, sustain agriculture while expanding army?

He ordered all men to train, then serve as reservists

Who created France's strong economy?

Jean-Baptiste Colbert

In music, the baroque style reached its culmination in the work of?

Johann Sebastian Bach

The Glorious Revolution found its best defense in Second Treatise of Government. Who wrote it?

John Locke

How did the Peace of Westphalia mark a turning point in European history?

Large-Scale political conflicts over religious faith ended

How did famines affect the European population in 17th century?

Malnutrition made people susceptible to disease

How did the Ottomans divide their subject up?

Millets

How did the Peace of Utrecht resolve the problems of succession to the Spanish throne?

Philip put on Spanish throne, but Spain/France can't be one

Who were the Junkers?

Prussian nobles who reluctantly worked with king

What city was built on the Baltic after his victory in 1709 at Poltava?

St. Petersburg

Who led the largest rebellion in 17th century Russia?

Stenka Razin

How did the princes of Moscow seek to legitimize authority as rulers of independent state?

The modeled their rule on the Mongol khans.

The primary cause of the English Glorious Revolution was

a fear of establishment of Catholic absolutism by James II

What accompanied the growth of commercial agriculture in Eastern Europe?

consolidation of serfdom

Political power in the Dutch Republic

controlled by an oligarchy of wealthy businesmen

Mercantilist theory postulated that

economic activity should be regulated by and for the state

What type of Government was Oliver Cromwell's Proctetorate?

military dictatorship

Louis XIV selected counselors from which class?

newly ennobled or upper middle class

What did French classicism typically include?

presented subject matter associated with classical antiquity

What did French foreign policy under Richelieu focus on?

prevention of Habsburgs unifying territories around France

The guiding force behind Richelieu's domestic policy was

subordination of all institutions to the monarchy.

What did the English philosopher Thomas Hobbes believe about a ruler?

the power of a ruler is absolute and prevented civil war