History: Chapter 15 - Learning Curve

The U.S. Sanitary Commission, a large civilian organization that emerged during the Civil War, performed what role in the Union?

Distributing clothing, food, and medicine to soldiers and burying the dead

The draft law of 1863 contained which of the following provisions?

Draftees were allowed to hire a substitute or pay a $300 fee to avoid conscription.

On what assumption did the Confederacy base its belief that European nations would break the Union blockade and recognize it as a legitimate nation?

European textile manufacturers would be unable to survive without the South's cotton.

What made Abraham Lincoln a superb wartime leader?

He was a master politician with an innate understanding of military strategy.

What did the states of Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri choose to do after the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter?

Remain loyal to the Union

Who became the commander of the Confederacy's Army of Northern Virginia in the May of 1862?

Robert E. Lee

What was the outcome of the Seven Days Battle on the Yorktown peninsula in June of 1862?

Robert E. Lee saved Richmond and Abraham Lincoln fired General George McClellan.

What allowed women farming in the North to be more successful than the women working on the small farms of the South during the Civil War?

The availability of mechanized tools

Which Civil War battle accounted for the bloodiest day of the war?

The battle of Antietam

What happened on southern plantations during the Civil War?

The disruption led to the practical end of slavery.

What was Lincoln's initial plan to make emancipation more acceptable to white Northerners?

To offer to deport African Americans out of the country

What scenario did Lincoln believe would bring a peaceful end to the secession crisis in the spring of 1861?

Unionists in the Lower South would assert themselves, overturn the secession decision, and rejoin the Union.

What was the goal of General William T. Sherman's 1864 invasion of Georgia?

to crush the will of the southern people

When President Lincoln won reelection in 1864, he was given a mandate to

continue the war until slavery was dead

What did Congressional Democrats think about emancipation?

emancipation was an unconstitutional act

What happened when women entered the manufacturing workforce during the Civil War?

employers reduced wages

Republicans' wartime legislation aimed at promoting national economic development and

integrating the West into the Union.

Jefferson Davis had the appearance of the perfect wartime leader; in reality, he was

lacking in military skill

Why did yeomen object to Confederate war policies?

laws exempted wealthier men from service

Dorothea Dix and Clara Barton are both known for their Civil War efforts as

nurses on the battlefield and behind the lines.

What financial decision caused the South to experience a much higher rate of inflation than the North during the Civil War?

printing paper money

Throughout the duration of the Civil War, European nations refused to

recognize Confederate nationhood.

When he made the decision to try to resupply Fort Sumter in April of 1861, Abraham Lincoln demonstrated his intention to

shift the decision of war or peace to Jefferson Davis.

After General Grant became the general in chief of the Union armies in March 1864, he made the important decision to

take on Lee directly in Virginia.

In considering its unequal resources and chances for a Civil War victory, the Confederacy compared itself to

the American colonies during the Revolutionary War

What was the only bright spot in the South's efforts at supplying the Confederate troops?

the South's production of arms

Why did Congress pass the Militia Act of July 1862?

To authorize black men's formal enrollment in U.S. military services

How many Union soldiers died in the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter?

0

About how many runaway slaves ultimately joined and served in the Union Army during the Civil War?

100,000

What occurred at Glorieta Pass outside of Santa Fe, New Mexico, in March of 1862?

A band of Colorado miners ambushed Confederate forces and liberated Santa Fe.

Why did Southerners expect that Britain and perhaps France would ally with the Confederacy?

A war could interrupt Europe's supply of cotton.

What did black soldiers discover once they were accepted into the Union army in 1862?

the northern military was racist

The southern war effort created hardships that fell most heavily on which segment of the population?

the poor

The experience of the Civil War in the South exposed tensions and divisions between

the yeomen and the planters.

Which of the following individuals was the most critical contributor to the formulation of the Union's plans for the war in 1861?

Abraham Lincoln

Where did General Lee surrender to end the Civil War?

Appomattox Court House, Virginia

In the election of 1864, Democrats were badly divided over which of the following issues?

Armistice versus continued war

Why did President Lincoln finally decide to promulgate an emancipation proclamation on January 1, 1863?

Because of the difficulty of the war

Why did the Confederate government establish government-owned factories and mines?

Because the Union blockade required the Confederate government to establish its own industrial sector to manufacture goods

On which side of the Civil War did Mexican Americans fight?

Both sides

Which group aided Confederate politicians in their efforts to promote southern unity and nationalism over the long course of the Civil War?

Clergymen, who assured Southerners that God had blessed slavery and the new nation

Why did a significant number of Confederates turn their backs on the rebellion during the early months of 1865?

Confederate losses convinced them that the Union would win.

Why was the Confederacy particularly interested in gaining control of California, Nevada, and Colorado in the first years of the Civil War?

Confederates desired those states' valuable gold and silver mines.

What resource did the Confederacy believe gave it an economic advantage over the Union in 1861?

Cotton

What factor accounted for the border state of Delaware's relatively easy decision to remain within the Union in 1861?

Delaware's slaves accounted for only 2 percent of the state's population.

What was President Lincoln expressing early in the Civil War when he remarked, "If General McClellan does not want to use the army I would like to borrow it"?

Frustration over McClellan's reluctance to send his army into battle against the Confederates

Why did General Grant not believe that he was defeated even after suffering heavy losses in his 1864 Virginia campaign?

Grant understood that the Confederates had lost proportionally as many men.

Why did Robert E. Lee push the fighting across the Potomac into Maryland in September 1862?

He believed a victory on northern soil might end the war.

How did Abraham Lincoln respond when army officers tried to dictate federal slave policy by freeing the slaves in their areas of command in 1861 and 1862?

He countermanded and revoked the orders.

Why did President Lincoln decide not to abandon Fort Sumter?

He had promised to defend federal property in his inaugural address.

How did Abraham Lincoln attempt to cripple the Confederacy at the beginning of the Civil War in 1861?

He implemented a naval blockade of the Confederacy in order to limit its ability to sell cotton abroad.

What strategy did Abraham Lincoln implement almost immediately in an effort to cripple the Confederacy at the beginning of the Civil War in 1861?

He implemented a naval blockade of the Confederacy in order to limit its ability to sell cotton abroad.

Where did the decisive early encounters of the Civil War take place?

In the region between the Ozarks and the Appalachians

How did the Civil War alter many slaveholders' notions about their human property?

It revealed slaves' lack of devotion to and respect for their masters and mistresses.

Why did the Confederates decide to target Fort Sumter in April 1861?

It was a federal fort in their state and a hated symbol of the nation that they had abandoned.

Why did the Confederates decide to target Fort Sumter in April, 1861?

It was a federal fort in their state and a hated symbol of the nation that they had abandoned.

Why did the state of Tennessee see so much fighting during the early years of the Civil War?

It was one of the Confederacy's main producers of food, mules, and iron.

What accounted for the Union's decision to allow black men to serve in its armies in 1862?

Lengthening Union casualty lists and troop shortages

How did President Lincoln persuade Maryland's legislature to reject secession?

Lincoln ordered U.S. troops into Baltimore.

How did Northerners respond after the Confederates bombarded Fort Sumter in April 1861?

Northerners overwhelmingly supported the war.

Which of the following people became the chief spokesman of the Copperheads and the most prominent of those arrested as a result of Abraham Lincoln's efforts to stifle wartime opposition?

Ohio Congressman Clement Vallandigham

Which slaves were liberated by the Emancipation Proclamation?

Only slaves in non-Union-occupied parts of the South

What proved to be the South's most difficult task during the Civil War?

Paying for the war

Which of the following adjectives describes the state of the U.S. Navy's blockade in the first year of the Civil War?

Permeable

Why was it difficult for the Confederacy to supply its troops during the Civil War?

Southern railroad networks were sparse, which limited its efforts to deliver supplies.

What prevented Great Britain from engaging with the Confederacy's plan for King Cotton diplomacy?

The British found new sources of cotton in India, Egypt, and elsewhere.

How did the Confederacy compensate for its inability to build a conventional navy equal to that of the U.S. fleet?

The Confederacy cladded its wooden frigates with armor plates to fortify them against Union shells.

Which region had the advantage in resources when the Civil War began?

The North had many more resources than the South.

Why did the South to experience a much higher rate of inflation than the North during the Civil War?

The South was more dependent on paper money.

What was the significance of the Union blockade?

The Union cut the Confederacy off from the rest of the world.

Where did the South find success in its efforts to supply the Confederate troops?

The production of arms

What did the decisive early encounters of the Civil War revolve around?

The region between the Ozarks and the Appalachians

Why did Abraham Lincoln believe it was so important for the Union to keep control of Kentucky in 1861?

The state was strategically located and contained indispensable resources and population.

Why did the number of Confederate deserters increase during the early months of 1865?

Their wives begged them to return home to keep their families from starving.

How did the population of the Union compare to that of the Confederacy in 1861?

There were more than twice as many people living in the Union than in the Confederacy.

Why did Southerners from all classes enlist to fight the Yankees after the attack on Fort Sumter?

They wanted to preserve slavery and to ensure that African Americans remained subordinate to whites.

Why was the battle of Antietam, fought in Maryland in September of 1862, significant?

With more than 23,000 casualties, it was the Civil War's bloodiest day.

John Wilkes Booth, the man who assassinated Abraham Lincoln on April 14, 1865, was

an actor with southern sympathies.