History Chapter 29
Rust Belt vs. Sun Belt
*Rust belt* - Declining industry and job availability-> low population - Industries big in this area started to decline -> cities like Pittsburg and Detroit regions collapse - Big factories left abandoned *Sunbelt rises* - Decline of rustbelt, and rise of sunbelt is indicative of manufacturing - Sunbelt focuses more on technology and service jobs- growing - Due to new technologies and MIC - As jobs become available here, people leave the rustbelt
Fourth Great Awakening
Americans retreat into religion to protect themselves from problems plaguing others Resurgence of Evangelist movement - Emphasis on being born again; personal salvation; literal interpretation of bible - Crisis of 60s and 70s lead to this revival - Moral decay happening they thought -> want to get back to core values - Emphasized family as fundamental unit of society; traditional gender roles Television helps movement Jerry Falwell Jim & Tammy Faye Bakker Pat Robertson Helps Reagan - he will save us
What contributed to the sexual revolution of the 1960s and 1970s?
Birth control - helped women have a sense of liberation Feminism - accelerate the movement - started to break down notion of women waiting until marriage The rise of the baby-boomer-led counterculture - accelerate the movement Culture - sex being addressed in books and more in hollywood
Silent Spring
Book analyzing DET - pesticide On human and natural food chains She discovers that DET is causing bird eggs to be thinner -- birds not singing in spring time
What problems did American cities have in the 1970s?
Cities are in tremendous debt High inflation, cities responsible for social services for the poor Not enough tax revenue to raise the money they need to pay off debts As cities decline further, fewer people are coming into the cities, making the problem worse
What was the "rights revolution" of the 1960s/1970s and what gains were made by various groups of Americans?
Civil Rights - affirmative action and busing systems - increased opportunity for groups which had been discriminate against in the past - Boston Busing Crisis Women's Liberation - proposition of Equal Rights Amendment, BUT was not passed thanks to successful anti-ERA campaign - Roe vs. Wade: about abortion - Emergence of feminist study - reform of outdated rape laws Gay Rights - Cities make it illegal to discriminate against sexuality; Harvey Milk Warren Court - Shift to civil and human rights rather than property cases
What happened in the Election of 1976?
Gerald Ford had been one of the most pop people in congress before Nixon's VP Willing to talk and compromise even though conservative He becomes increasingly unpopular in presidency, because of Nixon's pardon Can't fix American economy When election comes, Ford has much competition against Ronald Reagan Ford narrowly wins republican nomination over Reagan Vs. Jimmy Carter (Georgia) Had been navy officer, peanut farmer, governor of Georgia Able to put himself out there as Washington outsider - appealing to people who are sick of shenanigans in DC Ford Carter debate Ford denies Soviet Outcome: Carter wins popular vote and electoral college First president from deep south to win since 1800s
Proposition 13
Harold Jarvis reducing property tax rates on homes, businesses and farms by about 57%, cap future increase for present owners, and require that all tax measures have a 2/3 majority in the legislature
Archie Bunker/All in the Family
He was a character that became popular because he voiced many of the working class concerns - racial issues, homosexuality; sympathized with him
What was deindustrialization and what effect did it have on the United States?
Industrial sector of the American economy was hardest hit by the economic crisis Industry is declining- the process of social and economic change caused by removal and reduction of industrial capacity or activity Steel industry Had been the jewel of american economy for many years- no serious competition from other steel industries West Germany and Japan rise up however United States helped them rebuild, but their industries bounce back and create so much competition that we decline Steel industry had no incentive to innovate Now W. G and J. made it better and faster, and people bought it from there Effect: - Organized labor hit - Decline of Rustbelt and rise of sunbelt ->Sunbelt focuses more on technology and service jobs- growing ->Due to new technologies and MIC ->As jobs become available here, people leave the Rustbelt
How successful were the presidents of the decade in confronting the economic crisis?
Nixon, Ford, and Carter all try to fix the economy but with little success Nixon with new economic policy - tried taking america off Gold standard, failed Ford- Whip Inflation Now- WIN (Voluntarily reduce consumption) - fails Carter- tried deregulating transportation indiustries hoping to stimulate competition, but failed
How successful was Jimmy Carter in addressing stagflation?
Not successful Carter was not popular in congress and by the people because he criticized them in campaign Says the nation suffered in a "crisis of confidence" - feel Carter is blaming them for the nation's problems - hurts him, everyone mocks him People gain perception that Carter keeps making mistakes in domestic and international policies and relations
Phyllis Schlafly
Opposed feminism and abortion Advocated traditional roles for women Her anti-ERA campaign led to it not being passed
OPEC
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries To control price of oil by working together For US: as long as our relationship with these countries were good, we would be fine, but this was not the case Reason: we support the state of Israel 1967: Israel fought Arab states, and did well Arab states mad at US because Israel beat them and we support Israel 1973: Arab states say they won't sell US any more oil- oil embargo
Three Mile Island
Partial Meltdown of a nuclear power plant (PA) - women and children evacuated Because of this, people afraid another meltdown could happen - US stops investing in nuclear power
How did the energy crisis affect the United States (economically, politically, socially)?
Political: Set national speed limit to 55 Economic: Inflation went up because energy sources more expensive Social: families buy more fuel-efficient cars and environmental movement makes people more conscious
Who were the "Watergate babies" and what impact did they have on American politics?
Politically born post Watergate Reform minded- come to DC with idea they will transform American government and put it back where it should be Result: the opposite Bring greater transparency, but make govnt more susceptible to special interests and less efficient
Televangelists
Preachers of the Evangelist movement who made appearances on TV - Jim and Tammy Faye Bakker - Jerry Falwell - Pat Robertson
What major economic problems confronted the United States in the 1970s?
Suffered from inflation, deindustrialization, renewed foreign competition Inflation high because of government spending In 70's economists call that Stagflation- Stagnation and inflation- describes the American economy in the 70's - High unemployment, stagnant consumer demand, tremendous inflation - Thanks to stagflation there is a massive drop in the standard of living
What were some of the major issues confronting American families in the 1970s? How were these issues reflected in popular culture?
The Social Revolution 70s -> divorce more common, single parenthood more common More dual income families out of necessity - economy so bad More working women - traditionally male professions New career opportunities Working class families struggled in particularly Plants and factories closing because of deindustrialization Strikes - > people losing jobs In 70s, popular culture starts to reflect blue-collar blues -- Bruce Springsteen and breakdancing ->music and television - TV programs dealt with issues like divorce and working class families
Roe v. Wade
The US Supreme Court, in a 7-2 decision, affirms the legality of a woman's right to have an abortion under the Fourteenth amendment to the Constitution
What were some of the major decisions of the Warren and Burger Courts?
Warren Court: Brown v. Board of Ed - Gets all 9 justices to side with Brown Miranda v. Arizona - arrestees have to be informed by police of their right to remain silent Abington School District v. Schempp - mandatory bible time, supreme court ruled unconstitutional- violated 1st and 4th amendment rights Gideon v. Wainwright - Supreme court decided unanimously that states are required to give lawyers for criminals who can't afford them Burger Court: - more conservative - either confirms many of the previous decisions, or makes moderate decisions Roe v. Wade - very surprising because they are more conservative Furman v. Georgia - decide the way Georgia used its death penalty was cruel and unusual punishment - temporary ban on death penalty Gregg v. Georgia - bring back death penalty but in fair way
What factors drove the environmental movement? What successes did the movement have in the 1970s?
We realize our resources are not infinite from energy crisis Gives momentum to environmental movement
Bakke v. University of California
a white man sued the University of California at Davis Medical School for rejecting him in favor of less-qualified minority-group candidates; ruled in favor of white man
Harvey Milk
became the first openly gay person to be elected to public office in California, when he won a seat on the San Francisco Board of Supervisors
Boston Busing Crisis
busing programs to make school populations more diverse People opposed because want to go to school where they live
Affirmative Action
procedures designed to take into account the disadvantaged position of minority groups after centuries of discrimination
Equal Rights Amendment
proposed to be added to constitution that would have forbidden discrimination based on sex not passed because of the people against it