History - Chapter 6 Test - Review
True or false: During the American Revolution, Congress authorized private merchant ships to sail as privateers, meaning they could be outfitted with weapons and capture enemy ships and cargo.
True.
True or false: One reason that the Americans won the American Revolution was that they received help from other countries.
True.
How long soldiers sign up for the Continental Army?
After 1778, Congress changed the rules, and men served for either three years or the duration of the war.
What was the role of African Americans in the American Revolution?
After the war, the legislature granted several of these men their freedom as a reward for faithful service. African Americans also served as gunners, sailors on privateers and in the Continental Navy during the Revolution.
Which Founder was essential in getting the support of France during the American Revolution?
Benjamin Franklin.
Which British commander was nicknamed the "hair buyer" because he paid Native Americans for settlers' scalps?
Henry Hamilton.
True or false: Some Native American tribes sided with the British and raided American settlements.
True.
Why did General Washington keep his plan to advance to Yorktown a secret from everyone, including his own soldiers?
He learned that the second French fleet would land much farther south.
What did New Jersey's governor, William Livingston, believe about slavery?
It was inconsistent with the principles of Christianity and humanity.
True or false: After the fighting ended, the Continental Army threatened to use force against the Continental Congress if they were not paid.
True.
True or false: Thaddeus Kosciuszko helped build important defenses for the Americans.
True.
True or false: The second French fleet prevented General Cornwallis from escaping from Yorktown by sea.
True.
What battle did General Cornwallis surrender?
General Cornwallis surrendered on the Battle of Yorktown.
What is guerilla warfare?
Guerrilla warfare is a form of irregular warfare in which small groups of combatants, such as paramilitary personnel, armed civilians, or irregulars, use military tactics including ambushes, sabotage, raids, petty warfare, hit-and-run tactics, and mobility, to fight a larger and less-mobile traditional military.
How did the arrival of Comte de Rochambeau help the Patriot cause?
He brought with him thousands of soldiers to fight with the Patriots.
What is inflation?
Inflation is a general rise in the price level in an economy over a period of time. When the general price level rises, each unit of currency buys fewer goods and services.
Who was Lemuel Hayes?
Lemuel Haynes was probably the first African American ordained by a mainstream Protestant Church in the United States. Haynes, the abandoned child of an African father and "a white woman of respectable ancestry," was born in 1753 at West Hartford, Connecticut.
When did the colonies declare their independence from Great Britain?
On July 4, 1776, the 13 American colonies severed their political connections to Great Britain.
Who made up the Continental Army? British or Patriots?
Patriots made up the Continental Army.
The British used their navy to form a blockade of American harbors. To create a blockade means to ____.
Prevent ships from entering or leaving a harbor.
What are privateers?
Privately owned ships outfitted with weapons.
After the end of the war, General Washington planned to ______________.
Retire and return to his home, Mount Vernon.
Bernardo de Galvez helped the American side by ____.
Shipping supplies and ammunition up the Mississippi River to American troops.
American officer John Paul Jones became famous during the war for ____.
Successfully raiding British ports.
What American victory helped build morale during the harsh winter of 1776?
The battles of Trenton and Princeton.
Who were the Tories?
Tories were other names for the Loyalists. The Tories were a political faction and then a political party in the parliaments of England, Scotland, Great Britain, Ireland, and the United Kingdom.
The ________, which was signed in September 1783, was the final agreement to end the war.
Treaty of Paris.
True o false: Loyalists were often shunned, or ignored, by their neighbors who supported the revolution.
True.
True or false: George Washington was the leader of the Continental Army during the American Revolution.
True.
After he gave up the campaign to conquer the Carolinas, General Cornwallis and his troops retreated to ____.
Virginia.
Who was Friedrich von Steuben?
Baron Friedrich von Steuben, a Prussian military man hired by George Washington to whip the Continental Army into shape during the darkest days of the Revolutionary War, is known for his bravery and the discipline and grit he brought to the American troops.
The Continental Congress sent Jonathan Austin to France to deliver the news of the American victory in the ___________________
Battle of Saratoga.
The surrender of ____ in May of 1780 marked the worst American defeat of the war.
Charles Town, South Carolina.
What was significant about Valley Forge and the Patriot forces there?
Despite the harsh conditions, Valley Forge is sometimes called the birthplace of the American army because, by June of 1778, the weary troops emerged with a rejuvenated spirit and confidence as a well-trained fighting force.
True or false: British threats caused many people in the Carolinas to remain loyal to the British.
False.
True or false: During the harsh winter of 1778, the Continental Army enjoyed comfortable conditions in Philadelphia.
False.
True or false: Spain formed an alliance with Great Britain and sent troops to fight against American forces.
False.
True or false: The British surrender at the Battle of Yorktown brought an immediate end to the American Revolution.
False.
Who were the Loyalists?
Loyalists also called Tory, colonists loyal to Great Britain during the American Revolution. Loyalists constituted about one-third of the population of the American colonies during that conflict.
Who was Marquis de Lafayette?
Marquis de Lafayette was a French aristocrat who fought in the Continental Army with the American colonists against the British in the American.
Who was Nathan Hale?
Nathan Hale was an American soldier and spy for the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War.
Who were the two opposing sides in the American Revolution?
The Patriots and the British.
List the advantages of the Patriots during the American Revolution.
The patriots' advantages included fighting on their home ground; fighting for the freedom of their own land, which gave them an advantage over the hired Hessians of the British army; and their brilliant leader George Washington.
List the advantages of the British during the American Revolution.
They excelled in large battles fought by a mass of troops on open ground. They also had far more experience firing artillery than Americans had. The British forces were well supplied, as well. Unlike the pitifully equipped Continental army, they seldom lacked food, uniforms, weapons, or ammunition.
After the first French fleet arrived, what was General Washington's original strategy, or plan of attack?
To await a second French fleet, then attack the British position in New York