History exam semester 1, notes up to Russia.
Who were the three kings that led the third crusade?
King Philip Augustus of france, king Fredric Barbarossa of Germany, and Richard the lionhearted of England.
After the failed attempt of the third crusade, which king convinces Saladin to open the Jerusalem for Christian pilgrims?
King Richard the lionhearted of England.
At the start of the Middle Ages, how did the economy decline?
Merchants stopped shipping goods, Roman roads started to deteriorate, and money begins not to be used
What was the impact of the crusades?
New ideas, technologies, and trade opportunities were brought to Europe
Why did Western civilization decline?
No learning, economic issues, and government issues
Who becomes the mayor of the palace after defeating the Lombards in central Italy and gave land to the pope.
Pepin
During an agricultural revolution what is the three field system?
Planted one field with grain, one with another crop, and left the other unplanted
What is the hierarchy of the Catholic Church
Pope, Cardinals, Archbishops, Bishops, Priests, Deacons, Laity
The kings in the early Middle Ages only ruled over a small bit of land, How much land did they rule?
Roughly 10 sq miles of land
Where were the Vikings located?
Scandinavia
What is a charter?
Set the rights and privileges of the town
Why did the crusades start?
The Seljuk Turks threatened the Byzantine empire. So the Byzantine emperor asked the pope for help and this gave the pope the opportunity to take the holy land.
Who was the most powerful person in Europe at the time?
The pope.
There are many reasons as to why the people fought in the crusades. Why did Christians fight?
They fought because it was the holy land and if they die they still get to go to heaven.
There are many reasons as to why the people fought in the crusades. Why did religious people fight?
They fought because the pope told them to and the popes word is similar to the word of god.
There are many reasons as to why the people fought in the crusades. Why did the merchants fight?
They fought so they can increase their trade
There are many reasons as to why the people fought in the crusades. Why did the nobles fight?
They fought to gain riches, wealth, and power.
What would apprentices have to do in order to become a master craftsmen.
They must create a masterpiece
How did peasants live during the medieval ages
They were bound to the land and had to ask the lord in order to marry or leave.
How did the Vikings travel through Europe?
They were expert sailors, so they used boats.
There are many reasons as to why the people fought in the crusades. Why did the serfs fights?
They were looking for their freedom.
At what age would someone become an apprentice to a master craftsmen.
They would start at around the age of 7 or 8
What was Charlemagne's goal?
To revive reading, writing, and learning. Almost bringing back the fallen Roman Empire.
What was the time period called when the pope was moved to france?
Babylonian captivity
Which king conquered Gaul and would later become the kingdom of france.
King Clovis
What did the descendants of King Clovis do?
King Clovis's descendants did nothing and were incompetent. This sparked civil war and increased the power if nobles.
What are the 6 sacraments in the Catholic church at the time.
1. Birth 2. Marriage 3. Baptism 4. Death 5. Communion 6. Penance
What are the to things that need to be imported in a manor
1. Iron 2. Salt
How many Cardinals are there?
193
Another word for lesser lord is called ...
A Vassal.
What is a feudal contract?
A powerful lord granted his vassal a fief, and estate, which included peasants to work the land and in return the vassal would pledge loyalty and work 40 days of military service each year.
What is a merchant?
A trader that offered items for sale / gained power in the towns
When did the Middle Ages begin?
After the fall of the Roman Empire (500)
What is a dowry?
An amount of money, goods, and/or property that the bride would bring to the marriage
Why was Hugh Capet elected to be king by the nobles?
Because the nobles thought that he would have very little power and authority so the nobles could do whatever they wanted. Instead Hugh Capet gained lots of power and his "dynasty"(lack of a better word) would rule for 300 years.
What is the churches legal system that said they will not fight on certain days, they will not fight during festival times.
Canon law
Who united most of europe and built an empire that stretched from France, Germany, and part of Spain
Charlemagne
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E
What is excommunication?
Expelled someone from the church.
During the first crusade who would drive out the Muslims and gain control of the holy land.
Godfrey of bouillon (eventually in 1187 Jerusalem was retaken by Saladin and the Muslims)
What did Charlemagne do to be crowned Holy Roman Emperor.
He came to aid of pope Leo III when he was arrested by rebellious nobles in Rome.
After the death of Charlemagne, what would his grandsons do?
His grandsons would fight for power and eventually write the treaty of verdun.
What is the domesday book?
It is a book that had a census of everything in England
What is Messi dominici?
It was a person that Charlemagne(or any other ruler that would use them) that would check on the different nobles to make sure they aren't disobeying Charlemagne.
Pepin donated land to the pope and the Catholic Church, what is this land called, what was the donation called?
When Pepin gave land to the pope it is known as the donation of Pepin and that territory would later become the Papal States
In medieval ages what were the rights of women and women in marriages?
Women were very restricted and once she married she basically became the mans property.
What is feudalism?
a loosely organized system of rule in which powerful local lords divided their landholdings among lesser lords in exchange for military service
What is chivalry?
code of behavior for knights that included knight to be brave, loyal, and true to their word
What did the treaty of verdun do?
the division of Charlemagne's Empire into 3 parts between his 3 grandsons
What are troubadours?
traveling poet-musicians