history final #2

Put the following in proper chronological order from oldest to most recent (use their beginning date to guide your placement). a. Scientific Revolution. b. Glorious Revolution c. American Revolution d. English Civil War e. Haitian Revolution. f. Industrial Revolution g. French Revolution

A-D-B-F-C-G-E

Put the following in proper chronological order from earliest to most recent. a. Restoration of the English monarchy. b. Galileo proved Copernicus was correct c. The death of Louis XVI. d. The death of Napoleon. e. Thomas Jefferson pens the Declaration of Independence.

B-A-E-C-D

Put the following in proper chronological order from earliest to most recent. a. Outbreak of WWI. b. Invention of the seed drill. c. American women gained suffrage d. Factory Act in Britain

B-D-A-C

According to Thomas Hobbes: a. The state of nature was a place of fear-ridden chaos that must be avoided even if that meant rule by an oppressive leader. b. People do not have the right to make a social contract. c. The state of nature was the only place where men were truly equal to one another. d. The best form of government was one in which property owners (and only property owners) could vote. e. All of the above

a.

During the ___________, Maximilien Robespierre embarked on a mission to root out, try, and punish those opposed (or perceived to be opposed) to the ideals of the French Revolution. a. Reign of Terror b. Reign of Napoleon c. Reign of Louis XVI d. Reign of Control

a.

Industrialization and mass production displaced artisans and craftsmen. a. True b. False.

a.

Suffragists argued in favor of middle and upper class women's right to vote while suffragettes attempted to incorporate working women's interests into their movement. a. True b. False.

a.

The English Civil War was primarily about: a. Religion and the power wielded by both the king and Parliament. b. Trade with France. c. Bringing Scotland, Ireland, and England under the same royal authority. d. Religion and trade supremacy over Louis XIV. e. None of the above.

a.

The new working class: a. Strongly encouraged its women and children to work outside the home. b. Often worked 12-16 hours per day, seven days a week. c. Experienced comfortable living conditions. d. Immediately displaced the middle class as the most powerful political and economic class e. Were satisfied with their conditions of life.

a.

Which of the following did NOT play a crucial role in making Britain the site of the first Industrial Revolution? a. Over 95% of the population was literate. b. British citizens (in Britain) capitalized on their resources and ingenuity to embark on an era of invention c. The British had a spirit of motivation based on their belief in the possibility of economic and social mobility. d. The nation had an economic policy that allowed for risk-taking.

a.

Which of the following is NOT TRUE about French society on the eve of the French Revolution? a. The peasants were growing excited for revolutionary change. b. The hereditary aristocracy were a small portion of the population but had a tremendous amount of power. c. The nobles and clergy were untaxed by the state, even as the state struggled with financial problems. d. France was led by a weak king.

a.

According to Marx and Engels: a. class struggle was based on the lack of women's political voice. b. people's economic conditions/circumstances shape their lives. c. an agricultural way of life was superior to an industrial one. d. governments always acted in the best interest of the proletariat.

b.

According to Thomas Hobbes: a. the right of revolution was an important element of society. b. the state of nature was a place of fear-ridden war and chaos. c. the proper form of government was a direct democracy. d. the proper form of government was a constitutional monarchy

b.

According to the scientific method: a. Experimentation is not necessary as long as you have a strong hypothesis. b. It is extremely important to collect data through direct observation rather than accept previously held theories and/or assumptions. c. It is extremely important to bring pre-existing assumptions to the start of scientific inquiry - otherwise, how else would you being? d.All of the above

b.

All of the following were innovative Englishmen during the initial phase of the Industrial Revolution, EXCEPT: a. John Kay b. Eli Whitney c. James Hargreaves d. James Watt e. Thomas Newcomen f. Jethro Tull

b.

All of the following were inspirational forces (or causes) of the scientific revolution, EXCEPT: a. the exploration undertaken by Europeans between the 15th and 17th centuries. b. the Chinese decision to limit foreign interactions. c. advances in technology including the microscope and telescope. d. None of the above (there are no exceptions; all of these were causes of the scientific revolution)

b.

Name that philosopher/scholar: "I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it." a. Montesquieu b. Voltaire c. John Locke d. Denis Diderot e. None of the above

b.

Ptolemy's theory, which suggested the sun, moon, and planets revolved around the earth, was called: a. The heliocentric model of planetary motion b. The geocentric model of planetary motion c. The Great Chain of Being. d. None of the above

b.

The Committee of Public Safety was established to: a. Negotiate a military alliance with Austria, Russia, and Prussia. b. Combat the dual threat of internal rebellion and foreign invasion. c. Provide the nation with a renewed monarchy. d. Negotiate the safe return of Louis XVI from Austria. e. Control the ambitions of Napoleon.

b.

The Estates-General was convened in 1789 in order to deal with:. a. The invasion of France by British forces b. The financial crisis that engulfed France c. Grievances of the French peasantry. d. Discontent in the French colonies. e. Louis XVI's constant demand for more power.

b.

The ability to make yarn at a much faster pace: a. was achieved by the development of George Stephenson's Rocket. b. was necessary following the development of the flying shuttle by John Kay c. was the result of the importation of new resources from South America d. was the result of the development of the cotton gin.

b.

The industrial revolution resulted in all of the following outcomes, EXCEPT: a. Dramatic changes in where people lived and worked. b. A lower standard of living because of the high cost of products produced. c. A different pattern of relationships between nations compared to earlier eras of world history. d. Different methods of fighting wars.

b.

Which of the following is an accurate description of the difference(s) between the philosophies of Locke and Hobbes? a. Locke argued that the best form of government was an absolute monarchy; Hobbes saw a constitutional monarchy as the most effective form of rule. b. Hobbes argued the state of nature was horrible while Locke suggested it wasn't so bad but disagreements ensued over property. c. Hobbes argued for an absolute monarchy; Locke thought a direct democracy was best. d. What?! These guys had different philosophies?

b.

Which of the following was a major achievement during the reign of Napoleon? a. The acquisition of the Ottoman Empire as newly French territory. b. The establishment of a new civil code of law (named for Napoleon) c. The establishment of French colonies in America. d. Securing Haiti as part of the French state.

b.

Why was Galileo so threatening to the Catholic Church? a. He discovered heliocentrism. b. He published his work in Italian, making it accessible. c. He fought the church when they excommunicated him. d. What?! Galileo wasn't threatening to the Catholic Church at all.

b.

After the installment of William and Mary on the throne of England in 1689, the powers of Parliament and the monarchy were constrained by: a. the divine right of kings. b. the will of the voting public. c. the English Bill of Rights. d. the Magna Carta

c.

All of the following are true about the American, French, and Haitian revolutions, EXCEPT: a. All removed one ruler and replaced them with another. b. All changed social structure as a result of political upheaval. c. All resulted in democratic forms of government. d. All changed the basis upon which rulers were brought to power. e. None of the above (there are no exceptions, all are true)

c.

All of these led to the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789, EXCEPT: a. the inability of the French government (and unwillingness of Louis XVI) to institute reforms to mitigate the financial crisis. b. bad harvests and rural peasant unrest. c. an invasion of France by Prussia and Austria. d. a desire to limit the powers and rights of the king, nobles, and clergy.

c.

Before the European intellectual revolution known as the Enlightenment, __________ explained from where rulers derived their authority to rule in Europe. a. The Mandate of Heaven. b. the Glorious Revolution. c. the divine right of kings. d. the Catholic Church.

c.

In England between the 1640s and 1660s, all of the following occurred, EXCEPT: a. The monarch (Charles I) was executed. b. Issues of religion continued to plague the nation. c. William and Mary ascended the throne as a result of the Glorious Revolution. d. Charles II was asked to lead England following the rule of Cromwell. e. None of the above (there are no exceptions; all of these things happened between 1640s-1660s)

c.

In the American Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson argued that when government fails to protect the rights of man, "it is the right of the people to alter or abolish it." This reflects the ideas of: a. Jean-Jacques Rousseau. b. Thomas Hobbes. c. John Locke. d. Montesquieu.

c.

Montesquieu was an influential political thinker because he advocated: a. the establishment of a constitutional monarchy in England b. the horror of the State of Nature. c. the idea of the separation of powers. d. the idea of the right of revolution

c.

The Industrial Revolution began around 1750 and ended with: a. the American Revolution b. the French Revolution c. World War I d. World War II

c.

The Second Industrial Revolution: a. focused primarily on agricultural and technologies and new inventions to increase textile production. b. was more important for Germany than any other nation. c. witnessed dramatic innovations in steel, railroads, and weapons technology. d. resulted in a dramatic move back to rural spaces by the majority of the population

c.

The installment of William and Mary on the throne in 1689 was called: a. The English Civil War b. The French Revolution. c. The Glorious Revolution. d. The Dutch take-over

c.

The philosophe who praised the checks and balances of the British constitution was: a. Diderot. b. Voltaire c. Montesquieu d. Rousseau e. Descartes

c.

The revolutions that occurred between 1688 and 1789: a. affirmed the divine right of kings. b. forever limited the power of the upper class/aristocracy. c. were examples of the ways people applied rational thought to social and political problems. d. limited expansion of the nation state.

c.

Which of the following scientists pioneered the notion that the sun was at the center of the universe? a. Galileo Galilei b. Ptolemy c. Nicholas Copernicus d. Johannes Kepler

c.

Which of the following statements would John Locke find acceptable? a. All of us are born evil. b. Faith, not reason, determines what we know to be true. c. If the leader does not uphold his end of the bargain, he should be replaced. d. Original sin places limits individual aspirations.

c.

Which of the following was the primary source of power to aid productive textile manufacture before the use of steam? a. Coal power b. Horse power c. Human power d. None of the above.

c.

All or the following reform achievements were gained in England by the end of the 19th century, EXCEPT: a. laws that reduced the number of hours children could work. b. improvements to public health standards c. improvement to public housing and tenement structures. d. laws that allowed women national voting opportunities. e. laws that demanded minimum hours of education for working children.

d.

Before Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo, Europeans believed Ptolemy's theory of planetary motion because: a. it conformed to the teachings of the Bible. b. it was the wisdom of the ancient Greeks, whose knowledge was indisputable. c. it was consistent with their experiences. d. All of the above e. None of the above - Europeans did not believe Ptolomy's theory of planetary motion.

d.

Napoleon gained control of the executive authority of the French government by: a. Being elected part of the Directory. b. Capitalizing on his military victories to become a popularly elected leader. c. Becoming president of the Committee of Public Safety. d. Seizing power in a coup d'etat (sudden, violent take-over) e. None of the above

d.

The response to Copernicus included all of the following, EXCEPT: a. The Catholic Church banned his early publications (and those that followed his death). b. The general public paid little attention to his ideas. c. Some scholars, including Tycho Brahe, aimed to prove Copernicus wrong. d. None of the above (there are no exceptions - all of the above were responses to Copernicus)

d.

The scientific revolution contributed significantly to the beginning of political revolution in part because: a. the advances made by scientists helped to undermine blind faith in the authority of religion. b. it emphasized the importance of rational thought over unquestioned, revealed truths. c. of the emphasis on observation and experience as evidence rather than reliance on previously held assumptions based on faith. d. All of the above

d.

The most important product (and export) of the early (18th century) Industrial Revolution in Britain was: a. slaves. b. steel c. spices. d. oil. e. textiles. f. coal.

e.

Which of the following did NOT play a role in making Britain the site of the first phase of the IR? a. Britain had a large number of people available to work in part because of the Enclosure Acts. b. Some British citizens had an ample supply of investment capital. c. Britain had an economic policy that allowed for risk-taking by investors. d. Some British citizens capitalized on all of their resources and ingenuity to embark on an era of innovation. e. None of the above (all played a role in making Britain the site of the first phase of the IR)

e.

Which of the following groups of people experienced dramatic changes in their lives during the Industrial Revolution? a. Women b. Children c. Laborers d. Artisans and craftsmen e. All of the above

e.

Which of the following was NOT an invention of the Industrial Revolution? a. Gatling gun. b. Telegraph c. Automobile d. Locomotive e. Airplane f. None of the above (all were inventions of the IR)

f.