History final review- check for understandings and chapter reviews

Joseph Hooker

"Fighting Joe" due to bold attacks during McClellan's Peninsula Campaign

Harriet Beecher Stowe

(1811-1896) American author and daughter of Lyman Beecher, she was an abolitionist and author of the famous antislavery novel, Uncle Tom's Cabin.

Gettysburg Address

(1863) a speech given by Abraham Lincoln after the Battle of Gettysburg, in which he praised the bravery of Union soldiers and renewed his commitment to winning the Civil War; supported the ideals of self-government and human rights

habeas corpus

- enacted by lincoln allowed union to hold ppl without trial and cause, mainly ppl working on newspapers because they were the people fueling the southern fight.

- advantages of confederates

- more experienced generals, LEE was in charge whole time - fight was on home territory -great moral bc justified by rights being taken away... they believed that dred scot case gives them the right to own slave

-disadvantages of south

- unstable economy - advocated for more state's rights - relying on international intervention and never came - emancipation made former slaves leave their masters

The Union victory ensured that which of the following would be a dominant force in the postwar years? -Slavery -Nullification -Secession -A strong federal government -A coalition of states' rights groups

-A strong federal government

The assassination of Abraham Lincoln proved to: -Soften the tensions between North and South -Have no impact on Reconstruction -Be a political calamity for the South -Plunge the country back into war -Be of tremendous benefit to the South

-Be a political calamity for the South because they recognized that his kindliness and moderation would have been the most effective shields between them and vindictive treatment by the victors.

Which of the following is one of the tactics used by General William Tecumseh Sherman that helped to usher in the era of modern warfare? -Cities not burned down -Civilians allowed to escape to safety behind enemy lines -Farms spared by invading forces -Pillaging kept to an absolute minimum -Civilians considered acceptable targets in the interest of obtaining a victory

-Civilians considered acceptable targets in the interest of obtaining a victory

Upon emancipation, former slaves did all of the following except: -Searched for long-lost family members -Divorce spouses married in slavery -Built schoolhouses -Took new names -Established churches

-Divorce spouses married in slavery

Which best describes the purpose of the Freedmen's Bureau? -To expel former slaves from southern towns -To help emancipated slaves escape to the North -To aid white refugees displaced in the South -To protect emancipated slaves from their previous owners -To provide food, clothing, medical care, education, and legal support to emancipated slaves and white refugees

-To provide food, clothing, medical care, education, and legal support to emancipated slaves and white refugees

Which of the following Union generals waged their greatest campaign of the war during the siege of Vicksburg? -George B. McClellan -Robert E. Lee -George Pickett -Ulysses S. Grant -A. E. Burnside

-Ulysses S. Grant

-Union advantages

-union creates a money system -stable currency of greenbacks -had a lot of volunteers bc higher population -ppl working to support those fighting - supply more clothes and weapons -had control over the seas and eventually the Mississippi river meaning they could put a strain on the southern resources

Second Battle of Bull Run

A Confederate victory in August 1862. caused Lee to be pushed further into the North

american colonization society

A Society that thought slavery was bad. They would buy land in Africa and get free blacks to move there. One of these such colonies was made into what now is Liberia. Most sponsors just wanted to get former slaves out of the USA. This plan backfired because most former slaves had been integrated into the US culture and could not return to their "homeland".

Popular Sovereignty

A belief that ultimate power resides in the people.

What is the writ of habeas corpus?

A court order required law enforcement to present the detained people before the court to examine the purpose of the arrest. This protects the rights of citizens against outright state action.

What was the trent affair?

A diplomatic row that threatened to bring the British into the Civil War on the side of the confederacy. This happened after a Union ship stooped a British steamer in order to arrest two confederate diplomats on board.

What did Lincoln do to keep the border states in the Union?

Abraham Lincoln insisted that the war was not about abolishing slavery but rather about protecting the union.

Which of the following was not a responsibility that a military governor had under this law? Put down any acts of insurrection Arrest and try the military and political leaders of the former Confederacy Protect the rights of persons and property

Arrest and try the military and political leaders of the former Confederacy

Emancipation Proclamation

declared all slaves in nonunion states to be free, didn't effect border states, closed the door on possible compromise and prompted thousands of slaves to flee south

Clara Bartoon

served as a nurse in the union army and after became involved in the red cross

Redeemers

southern democrats who sought control from republican regimes in the south after reconstruction

The First Reconstruction Act enumerated a series of steps that each rebel state had to follow before it could return to the United States. In the following table, check the boxes next to the provisions required by the law. Check all that apply. Hold a constitutional convention Allow all eligible men twenty-one years and older to vote for ratification of a new constitution Submit a new constitution to Congress for review Allow all white men to vote for ratification of a new constitution

Hold a constitutional convention Allow all eligible men twenty-one years and older to vote for ratification of a new constitution Submit a new constitution to Congress for review

Freeport Doctrine

Idea authored by Stephen Douglas that claimed slavery could only exist when popular sovereignty said so

How might Reconstruction have been more successful? If Andrew Johnson had won reelection in 1868 If control of the South had been returned to Southerners much sooner If Thaddeus Stevens's radical program of drastic economic reforms and stronger protection of political rights had been enacted If the U.S. Army had more quickly suppressed the Ku Klux Klan If the federal government had not passed the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments

If Thaddeus Stevens's radical program of drastic economic reforms and stronger protection of political rights had been enacted

What is the Morrill Tariff Act and its effects?

It increased the duties back up to 1846 levels to raise the revenue for the civil war. This increased funds for the federal government and promoted rapid westward colonization.

Why did the skeptical public finally accept Seward's purchase of Alaska? Russia had been the only great power friendly to the Union during the Civil War. Oil from rendered polar bear fat had come to supplant the use of whale oil. It was considered strategically vital to American defense. There were rumors of extensive oil deposits in the territory. It would provide a new frontier safety valve after the settling of the West.

Russia had been the only great power friendly to the Union during the Civil War.

John Breckinridge

Senator from Kentucky and V.P. under James Buchanan. An unsuccessful candidate for President in 1860, nominated by the Southern faction of the split Democratic party, losing to Abraham Lincoln but receiving more electoral votes than the other major candidates. Breckinridge won the South with his pro-slavery platform, but was unable to win the Border States; received almost no support in the North. Strongly for slavery and states' rights.

Although every Civil War soldier's experience was unique, certain conditions predominated. Imagine that you are a Union draftee writing home to your parents. In the letter that follows, you describe the effects of the draft.

September 27, 1863 Dearest Mother and Father, I am eager to tell you of my experiences since I was drafted. The other draftees and I are frustrated that so few wealthy men were forced to join. I can understand why the Irish rioted against the draft in New York. It is a shame, though, that they attacked blacks . I hear the draft targets the young and old in the South. Your Loving Son, Bennett

United States v. Cruikshank

established a narrow reading of the Fourteenth Amendment. By allowing crimes to go unpunished

Sally Tompkins

established an infirmary for wounded Confederate soldiers, Jefferson Davis commissioned her as an officer with the rank of captain after confederate hospitals were brought under military control.

Congressional Committee of the Conduct of the War

established by congress to oversee military affairs, under control of radicals who wanted more war

In the years following emancipation, what became the focus of the black community? Establishing laws to protect freedom The church Finding work in the North Revenge on former slaveholders Education

The church

Moderate and radical Republicans joined forces to reject presidential Reconstruction in early 1866 for all of the following reasons except: They demanded that the South undergo fundamental social and economic transformation before rejoining the Union They feared that a united Democratic Party threatened Republican economic policies They feared that a restored South threatened to be politically stronger than before the war

They demanded that the South undergo fundamental social and economic transformation before rejoining the Union

How did the French take advantage of disunity in America? -They sent an army to occupy the Union. -They installed an emperor of Mexico. -They installed an emperor of Canada. -They built Confederate warships. -They shipped supplies to the Union.

They installed an emperor of Mexico. Emperor Napoleon III of France, taking advantage of America's preoccupation with its own internal problems, dispatched a French army to occupy Mexico City in 1863. The following year, he installed Austrian Archduke Maximilian as emperor of Mexico. Napoleon was hopeful the Union would collapse and America would be too weak to enforce its hands-off policy in the Western Hemisphere. However, when the Civil War ended, Secretary of State Seward prepared to march south to Mexico, and Napoleon abandoned his scheme and the Mexican emperor, who was executed.

All of the following were true of the Black Codes except: They granted blacks the right to marry. They were sanctioned by President Johnson. They forbade a black person to server on a jury or vote. They were favored in the North and hated in the South. Some barred blacks from renting or leasing land.

They were favored in the North and hated in the South.

The implementation of Johnson's Reconstruction program was not without controversy. What were the Black Codes?

They were revised slave codes with new language that kept blacks subordinate to and dependent on whites.

What Constitutional amendment extended abolition throughout the United States?

Thirteenth Amendment

True or False: Lincoln's reelection in 1864 had no effect on Southern morale. True False

This is false. The electoral removal of Lincoln was the last ghost of a hope for a Confederate victory, and when Lincoln triumphed, desertions from the sinking Southern ship increased sharply.

Which of the following created tensions between Britain and the Union during the Civil War? -The British sent an army to Mexico City. -The Union occupied British territory. -The British built Confederate ships. -The Union favored France over Britain. -The British provided troops for the Confederacy.

Throughout the Civil War, Europe's rulers schemed to take advantage of America's distress. In particular, tensions between the Union and British increased over the unneutral building by private firms in Britain of Confederate ships.

What is the purpose behind Lincoln revoking the writ of habeas corpus?

To intimidate and prevent the spread of the confederate cause because he was able to arrest and hold anti-unionist without trial.

Why were the Union forces sent to Fort Sumter? - To provide provisions -To provide reinforcements -To respond to Southern Hostility -To win the fort -To threaten the south

To provide provisions When President Lincoln took office, there were only two significant federal forts in the South. The most important was Fort Sumter in Charleston, South Carolina, where fewer than one hundred men were in need of provisions. Not wanting to incite the South or lose the fort, Lincoln notified South Carolinians that an expedition would be sent to provision the garrison, though not to reinforce it. The South regarded the move as an act of aggression and opened fire on the fort on April 12, 1861.

Ulysses S. Grant

Union general who won Lincoln's confidence due to bold tactics won at Fort Donelson, Shilo, and Vicksburg, which secured control of the Mississippi, fought Lee in a series of bloody battles leading up to Lee's surrender at Appomattox, eventually became president due to electoral vote and took a hardline against the south

14th Amendment

extended civil rights to freedom and prohibited states from taking away rights without due process

True or False: Tens of thousands of slaves joined their white masters when ordered to fight for the Confederacy.

false

Hiram Revels

first African American senator

Benjamin Wade

founder of the Republican Party, pressured Lincoln throughout the war to have harsher punishments for the south, co-sponsored the wade-Davis bill

Reform Bill of 1867

gave suffering to all male British citizens. expanding electorate vote

Olive O Howard

in charge of Freedmen's Bureau during reconstruction

Hampton Roads Conference

in which Lincoln offered a five year delay on implementing the 13th amendment as well as $400 million to compensate slave owners. basically an attempt at negotiation.

10% Reconstruction Plan

introduced by lincoln and stated that a state needed to have 10% of voters pledged towards the united states and honor emancipation before rejoining the union

Monitor

ironclad Union warship

Battle of antietam

landmark battle that demonstrated the skill of the union army, stalled foreign intervention, prompted Lincoln to issue the emancipation proclamation

Black Codes

laws within the south that restricted the rights of emancipated blacks, increased northern criticism of Johnson's reconstruction policy

Clement Vallandigham

led the copperheads, party who opposed civil war, convicted due to treasonous outbursts, banished to south

John Wilkes Booth

man who assassinated Lincoln in Ford's Theater, died after refusing to surrender to federal troops

carpetbaggers

northern businessmen who went to the south to seek investments and work on reconstruction projects

Force Acts

passed by congress to stop wave of KKK violence, prohibited intimidation, and gave us authority to enforce acts

Reconstruction Act

passed by republican congress and divided the southern states into five military districts which would be controlled by union generals and troops, required that southern states ratify 14th amendment and guarantee freedmen's rights before readmission into union

Union Party

pro-war Dems and Repubs who formed in 1864 to defeat the anti-war northern democrats

15th Amendement

prohibited states from denying the right based on race, only qualified towards men

13th Amendment

prohibits all forms of slavery, former confederate states were forced to ratify the amendment prior to rejoining the union

Wade-Daivs Bill

radicals passed in response to 10% bill and required that %50 of voters pledged allegiance to the union

Sherman's march

rampage through Georgia, early instance of total war which purposely targets civilian life style to diminish morale

A.E Burnside

replaced McClellan as commander of Army of Potomac, lost command after 10,00 soldiers died at Fredericksburg

Tenure of Office Act

required the president to gain approval of senate before removing cabinet appointees

Freedmen's Bureau

aid created for freed slaves for food clothing education and legal, often were unevenly distributed and dependent on the quality of local administrators.

Civil Rights Bill

aimed to counteract black codes by conferring citizenship on African Americans

Salmon chase

secretary of treasury who pushed Lincoln to take a tougher stance on slavery, unsuccessfully attempted to beat Lincoln in election with support of Radicals, later appointed to supreme court

Battle of Fort Henry and For Donelson

secured north's hold within KY and paved the way for deeper attacks into Tennessee.

Women's loyal league

an organization formed on May 14, 1863, by Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton which sought to end the American Civil War through an amendment to the U.S. Constitution that abolished slavery.

Dred Scott vs. Sanford (1857)

the Supreme Court ruled that Americans of African descent, whether free or slave, were not American citizens and could not sue in federal court. The Court also ruled that Congress lacked power to ban slavery in the U.S. territories.

Battle of Bull Run

the first major battle of the civil war and a victory for the south, diminished belief that the war would be over quickly

True or False: Many Northern soldiers were furloughed home to vote in the 1864 election, and others were allowed to cast their ballots at the front.

true

In the following table, mark whether each statement regarding Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation is true or false. -Ended slavery only in areas currently under rebellion -Justified emancipation as a necessary war measure -Openly encouraged slaves to wage war against their owners

true, true, false

John Pope

union general at the loss of 2nd Bull Run

George McClellan

union general who commanded the army of Potomac from 1861-62, led failed Peninsula Campaign, fought Lee to Stalemate at Antietam, In 1864, McClellan ran against Lincoln as the Democratic nominee, campaigning against emancipation and the harsh treatment of the South while repudiating the antiwar stance of the Copperheads.

Battle of Shiloh

union marginal victory which left thousands dead on the Tennessee-Mississippi border

Appotomax Court House

where Lee surrendered to grant after almost a year of brutal fighting bc of wilderness campaign

Charles Francis Adams

whig and foreign minister to Great Britain during the civil war. Adams intervened in 1863 to prevent a British firm from selling laird rams to the confederacy

Reconstruction Act and Office of Tenure Act

1867

Reform Bill expands British electorate

1867

15th amendment ratified

1870

Force Acts

1870-71

Freedmen's Bureau ended

1872

where was the surrender finalized in the civil war?

Appomattox courthouse a few days later lincoln was assinated

First shot fired at Fort Sumter

April 12th, 1861

Four Upper South states secede

April-June, 1861

What resources did the Union utilize to prevent Great Britain and France from recognizing the Confederacy? Check all that apply. -Great Britain's willingness to intervene evaporated after the Union launched attacks against Canada. -Lincoln's 1863 slave emancipation policy made foreign intervention politically untenable. -Dependent upon grain from the northern United States, Great Britain risked losing access to this vital foodstuff if it sided with the Confederacy. -Lincoln announced that he would not oppose France's occupation of Mexico so long as Napoleon did not support the Confederacy.

-Great Britain's willingness to intervene evaporated after the Union launched attacks against Canada. -Dependent upon grain from the northern United States, Great Britain risked losing access to this vital foodstuff if it sided with the Confederacy.

Which of the following best describes the twelve-hour Battle of Antietam in September 1862? -No Confederate soldiers perished. -Jefferson Davis issued the Emancipation Proclamation soon after. -It proved to be the bloodiest single day of the war. -No Union soldiers perished. -It proved to be the last military engagement of the war.

-It proved to be the bloodiest single day of the war.

What effect did the Emancipation Proclamation have on the war? -It allowed all slaves to enlist in both northern and southern armies. -It officially ended the war between the North and South. -It resulted in a sharp decline in desertions from the Union army. -It ensured the support of all northerners to fight an "abolition war." -It removed any chance for a negotiated settlement between the North and South.

-It removed any chance for a negotiated settlement between the North and South.

As Lincoln weighed his options for resupplying Fort Sumter, the loyalty of which of the following states influenced his thinking? Check all that apply. -Georgia -Kentucky -Tennessee -Ohio

-Kentucky -Tennessee Although Lower South states such as Georgia seceded prior to the fall of Fort Sumter, Upper South states such as Tennessee and border slave states such as Kentucky remained fiercely divided on the question of secession. By proceeding cautiously, Lincoln hoped to keep these undecided slave states in the Union. In the end, the Upper South sided with the Confederacy, while the border states remained loyal to the Union. Although the allegiance of free states such as Ohio was never in question, Lincoln did face the challenge of rallying support for the Union in the North.

Which of the following best describes the outcome of General McClellan's Peninsula Campaign of June-July 1862? -McClellan and Lee hammered out a peace. -McClellan and Lee both died in battle. -Lee captured Yorktown. -Lee drove McClellan's forces back to the sea. -McClellan captured Richmond.

-Lee drove McClellan's forces back to the sea.

Why is the proclamation sometimes called a "proclamation without emancipation"? -Lincoln did not have the authority to free the slaves in the states that fell under the provisions of the Emancipation Proclamation. -The slaves were to be freed only temporarily until the end of the war. -Opposition to the Emancipation Proclamation resulted in Lincoln revoking it prior to the end of the war.

-Lincoln did not have the authority to free the slaves in the states that fell under the provisions of the Emancipation Proclamation.

Which statement most accurately describes Lincoln's record on civil liberties during the Civil War? -Lincoln's excessive respect for civil liberties occasionally undermined his effort to preserve the Union. -Congress and the courts regularly blocked Lincoln's attempts to limit wartime liberties. -Lincoln did not hesitate to limit individual liberties in order to advance his primary goal of preserving the Union.

-Lincoln did not hesitate to limit individual liberties in order to advance his primary goal of preserving the Union. Faced with a crisis the likes of which the nation had not seen before, Lincoln repeatedly exceeded his constitutionally granted authority in order to advance his wartime goals. Some of the ways he limited individual liberties included calling on federal troops to oversee voting in the Border States, blocking the publication of anti-Union newspapers, and suspending the writ of habeas corpus, which requires authorities to show cause for an individual's arrest and detention. The Republican Congress generally tolerated the President's transgressions, and Lincoln refused to yield when the Supreme Court ruled against his suspension of the writ of habeas corpus.

Which of the following best describes the Copperheads? -Southern Democrats who called for a return to the Union -Radical Republicans who supported the institution of slavery -Northern Democrats who supported the Union war effort -Republicans who opposed the Lincoln administration -Northern Democrats who opposed the Union war effort

-Northern Democrats who opposed the Union war effort

Which of the following best describes the outcome of the first battle at Bull Run in July 1861? -The North captured the Confederate capital of Richmond. -Northerners realized that the war would be much more difficult than they initially thought. -The Union secured an easy victory, bringing the war to a swift end. -Southerners' enlistments rose sharply as they realized how much more difficult the war would be. -The Confederates secured an easy victory, bringing the war to a swift end.

-Northerners realized that the war would be much more difficult than they initially thought.

Where were the first shots of the Civil War fired? -South Carolina -Washington, D.C. -Virginia

-South Carolina On April 12, 1861, South Carolinians opened fire on Fort Sumter, a Union stronghold in Charleston harbor. The Southerners were responding to President Lincoln's notification that an expedition would be sending provision to the garrison. Though Lincoln emphasized that the plan was not to reinforce the fort, Southerners saw the move as an act of aggression and opened fire.

Which of the following best describes the outcome of the Battle of Gettysburg in July 1863? -It unexpectedly turned out to be the last battle of the war. -The Confederate forces would not again gain the upper hand in the war. -Davis and Lincoln sat down to negotiate a peace settlement. -The Union forces suffered a humiliating defeat. -Pickett's charge demonstrated the military might of the South.

-The Confederate forces would not again gain the upper hand in the war.

What threat did the Merrimack—later renamed the Virginia—pose to the Union war effort? -New Orleans could be in danger of falling to the Confederates -Charleston could be in danger of falling to the Confederates -No threat whatsoever given the Union's powerful naval fleet -The blockade of southern ports could be undermined -The West Indies would be cut off from trade with the South

-The blockade of southern ports could be undermined

Battle of Fredericksburg

1861

Confederate government formed.

1861

First Battle of Bull Run

1861

Grant Takes Fort Henry and Fort Donelson

1861

Lincoln suspends writ of habeas corpus

1861

Morrill Tarriff Act passed

1861

Trent Affair

1861

Battle of Antietam

1862

Confederacy enacts draft

1862

Homstead Act

1862

Pacific Railroad Act

1862

Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation

1862

Alabama ship raids Northern Shipping

1862-1864

Fall of Vicksburg

1863

First Emancipation Proclomation

1863

Lincoln annouces %10 Reconstruction Plan

1863

National Banking System established

1863

New York Draft riots

1863

Union enacts military draft

1863

Battle of Vicksburg

1863, Union gains control of Mississippi, confederacy split in two, Grant takes lead of Union armies, total war begins

Grant's Wilderness Campaign

1864

Lincoln defeats McClellan for presidency

1864

Lincoln veteos Wade Davis

1864

Sherman's march through Georgia

1864

Freedmen's Bureau established

1865

Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox

1865

Lincoln assassinated

1865

Lincoln killed

1865

Southern Staes pass Black Codes

1865

Thirteenth Amendment

1865 - Freed all slaves, abolished slavery.

Congress passes Civil Rights BIll over Jacksons veto

1866

Ex parte Milligan case

1866

congress passes 14th admendment

1866

jackson impeached and acquitted

1866

kkk founded

1866

Ex Parte Milligan

1866 - Supreme Court ruled that military trials of civilians were illegal unless the civil courts are inoperative or the region is under marshall law.

Conscription

A military draft

Stephen Douglas

A moderate, who introduced the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854 and popularized the idea of popular sovereignty.

What are greenbacks?

A paper currency issued by the union treasury. IT was inadequately supported by gold and its value fluctuated throughout the war.

Bleeding Kansas

A sequence of violent events involving abolitionists and pro-Slavery elements that took place in Kansas-Nebraska Territory. The dispute further strained the relations of the North and South, making civil war imminent.

Wilderness Campaign

A series of brutal clashes between Ulysses S. Grant's and Robert E. Lee's armies in Virginia, leading up to Grant's capture of Richmond in April of 1865. Having lost Richmond, Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Courthouse.

National Banking System.

A system of banks that could issue currency against purchased government bonds. It was established in order to stabilize the nation's currency and stimulate the sale of war bonds.

total war

A war that involves the complete mobilization of resources and people, affecting the lives of all citizens in the warring countries, even those remote from the battlefields.

Pacific Railroad Act

Helped fund the construction of the Union Pacific transcontinental railroad with the use of land grants and governmental bonds.

Elizabeth Blackwell

Americas first female physician, helped organize the US Sanitary Commission

john brown

An abolitionist who attempted to lead a slave revolt by capturing Armories in southern territory and giving weapons to slaves, was hung in Harpers Ferry after capturing an Armory

What were the New York draft riots?

An uprising of mainly working-class Irish Americans protesting the draft. They were angered by the ability of the rich to hire or pay their way out of fighting in the war as a result of the draft.

Who ran for vice president on the Union party ticket and would preside over the early stages of Reconstruction? -Andrew Johnson -Abraham Lincoln -Jefferson Davis -George B. McClellan -Ulysses S. Grant

Andrew Johnson, a War Democrat from Tennessee, ran as vice president on the Union party ticket. Selected by Lincoln to generate support from War Democrats in the border states, Johnson would replace Lincoln as president following the latter's assassination and preside over the early stages of Reconstruction.

The effects of the "cotton famine" in Britain were relieved in all of the following ways except: -Booming war industries in England relieved unemployment. -Britain relied more heavily on wheat and corn grown in the North. -Britain broke the naval blockade to purchase cotton from the Confederacy. -Union armies captured cotton and shipped it to Britain. -Cotton growers in Egypt and India increased their output.

Britain broke the naval blockade to purchase cotton from the Confederacy. British textile mills depended on the American South for 75% of their cotton supplies, and Southerners counted on hard economic need to bring Britain to their aid during the Civil War. However, the British found many ways to relieve the effects of the "cotton famine." As Union armies penetrated South, they captured supplies of cotton and shipped them to Britain, and cotton growers in Egypt and India increased their output. The British also relied more heavily on the wheat and corn crops from the North and found jobs in the booming war industries that supplied both the North and the South.

Which of the following was NOT a result of the attack on Fort Sumter? -Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and N. Carolina seceded from the Union -President Lincoln issued a call for seventy-five thousand military - President Lincoln proclaimed a blockade of Southern seaports - Charleston, South Carolina became the Confederate Capital

Charleston South Carolina became the Confederate Capital. After a thirty-four-hour bombardment, Fort Sumter surrendered to the Confederacy, provoking the North to a fighting pitch. President Lincoln promptly issued a call to the states for militiamen and proclaimed a blockade of Southern seaports. Lincoln's call for troops aroused the South, and four more states seceded from the Union, including Virginia, where the Confederate's new capital was established in Richmond.

Robert E Lee

Confederate general , surrendered at Appomattox, after war he was indicted for treason but never charged

George Pickett

Confederate general who lead failed charge against union at Gettysburg

Merrimack

Confederate ironclad ship

The Wade-Davis Bill reflected divisions over Reconstruction between which of the following? Congress and the president Moderate Republicans and Democrats The South and the North President Lincoln and Andrew Johnson Radical Republicans and Democrats

Congress and the president

How did Congress attempt to limit Johnson's power and influence?

Congress passed the Tenure of Office Act.

What was the North's greatest strength in the Civil War? - High morale - Its navy - Military leadership - Economy, particularly its greater manufacturing capacity and more efficient and extensive railroad network - Ethnic unity

Economy, particularly its greater manufacturing capacity and more efficient and extensive railroad network. While the South had many advantages at the beginning of the Civil War, the North had the strength of its economy. The North was not only a huge farm but a sprawling factory as well. Yankees boasted about three-fourths of the nation's wealth, including three-fourths of the thirty thousand miles of the nation's railroads.

Election of 1876/Compromise of 1877

Event in which Rutherford Hayes became president in exchange for ending Reconstruction

True or False: Immediately following the Emancipation Proclamation, the Confederate army began filling its ranks with African American soldiers. True False

False

True or False: Forced to industrialize in order to supply its troops, the South's economy grew as a result of the war. True False

False This is false. Although the South developed its own ironworks during the war, the war hindered the region's economy far more than it helped it. The Union blockade, the loss of its enslaved labor force, and the physical destruction that occurred as a result of the numerous battles fought on its soil were the main reasons the southern economy declined during the war.

Border States

Five slave states- Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, Delaware, and West Virginia- did not secede during the Civil War.

free soil party

Formed in 1847 - 1848, dedicated to opposing slavery in newly acquired territories such as Oregon and ceded Mexican territory.

What did the Fourteenth Amendment provide for? Full citizenship and civil rights for former slaves An end to slavery The reimbursement of former slaveowners for the value of their freed slaves Permanent disfranchisement of all Confederate officials Voting rights for women

Full citizenship and civil rights for former slaves

Peninsula Campaign

General George B McClellan's failed effort to seize confed capitol in Richmond, if he had succeeded slavery would most likely have survived in south for some time

U.S. Sanitary Commission

Government agency founded with the help of Elizabeth Blackwell that trained nurses, collected medical supplies, and equipped hospitals in an effort to help the Union army. THe commission helped professionalize nursing and gave many women the confidence to propel the women's movement in the postwar years.

Who met at Appomattox Couthouse in April 1865 to broker the terms of the end of the war? -Vice-president Johnson and General Lee -General McClellan and President Davis -Generals Grant and Lee -President Lincoln and General Lee Presidents Lincoln and Davis

Grant granted generous terms of surrender to Lee. When the elated Union soldiers cheered the defeat of the South, they were silenced by Grant's stern admonition: "The war is over; the rebels are our countrymen again."

Edwin Stanton

He advocated for stronger measures against the south during reconstruction. In 1868, Johnson removed Stanton in violation of the 1867 Tenure of Office Act, giving pretense for radical Republicans in the House to impeach him.

How did President Lincoln deal with Vallandigham?

He exiled Vallandigham to the Confederacy.

Laird rams

Ironclad warships constructed for the confederacy by a British firm.

What did West Virginia do in 1861?

It broke away from Virginia to form its own state after Virginia seceded from the union. It did this because the residents were mostly independent farmers who did not need slaves and therefore did not support the confederate cause.

Wilmont proviso

Law passed in 1846 that banned slavery in any territories won by the United States from Mexico.

Thaddeus Stevens

Led the Radical Republicans along with Senator Charles Sumner, advocating for abolition and, later, the extension of civil rights to freed blacks. He also called for land redistribution to break the power of the planter elite and to provide African Americans with the economic means to sustain their newfound independence.

Battle of Fredericksburg (1862)

Lee successfully repels unions forces in Virginia

Who created the "10 percent" Reconstruction plan? Congressional Republicans Southern whites President Abraham Lincoln Congressional Democrats President Andrew Johnson

Lincoln

Lincoln takes office

March 4, 1861

As the Civil War began, the South had what advantage? - Superior transportation facilities - None of these choices are correct - Greater ability to wage offensive warfare -More talented military leaders -Superior industrial capabilities

More talented military leaders When the Civil War broke out, the South seemed to have greater advantages. The Confederacy could fight defensively behind interior lines and was fighting on their own soil. Militarily, the South also had the most talented officers, including General Robert E. Lee and Thomas J. ("Stonewall") Jackson.

Copperheads

Northern demos who opposed the war by attacking Lincoln

Colfax Massacre

On Easter Sunday, April 13, 1873, a posse of white Democrats overpowered local militia and attacked the Grant Parish courthouse in Colfax, Louisiana, killing about 150 freedmen

Seward's Folly

a term used for Sec. of State William Seward's purchase of Alaska from Russia, reflected anti-expansionist views after the civil war

What group carried through a Southern strategy for dealing with Reconstruction? Redeemers Seward's Folly Carpetbaggers Scalawags Bluebellies

Redeemers- When the U.S. Army finally left a state, its government swiftly passed into the hands of white "Redeemer" regimes, which were inevitably Democratic and would carry through the state's Reconstruction strategy.

Union League

Reconstruction-Era African American organization that worked to educate Southern blacks about civic life, built black schools and churches, and represented African American interests before government and employers. It also campaigned on behalf of Republican candidates and recruited local militias to protect blacks from white intimidation.

What did whites in the old Confederacy call the leaders of "Home Rule" regimes?

Redeemers

William Seward

Seward was a leading candidate for the Republican nomination in both 1856 and 1860. Later, as one of Lincoln's closest advisers, he helped handle the difficult tasks of keeping European nations out of the Civil War. He is best known, however, for negotiating the purchase of Alaska, dubbed "Seward's Folly" by expansion-weary opponents of the deal.

Harpers Ferry, Virginia

Site of a federal arsenal where a militant abolitionist attempted to start a slave rebellion

Homestead act

Sold settlers 160 acres of land for $30 if they lived on it and improved it. Made land accessible to thousands moving westward. Many were disappointed when the land was poor or grabbed up quickly.

Fort Sumter

South Carolina location where confederate forces fired the first shorts of the Civil War in April of 1861 after union forces attempted to provision the fort

Where were the first shots fired in the war? - South Carolina -Arkansas -Virginia -Washington DC -Alabama

South Carolina: On April 12, 1861, South Carolinians opened fire on Fort Sumter, a Union stronghold in Charleston harbor. The Southerners were responding to President Lincoln's notification that an expedition would be sending provision to the garrison. Though Lincoln emphasized that the plan was not to reinforce the fort, Southerners saw the move as an act of aggression and opened fire.

Although the Union League began as a pro-Union organization in the North, which constituency came to dominate the league?

Southern freedmen and Northern blacks

In early 1867, over President Johnson's veto, Republicans passed the Reconstruction Act, which was a more stringent plan for Reconstruction than the president's and included all of the following provisions except: Southern states were required to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment The South was divided into five military districts, which were overseen by a Union general and policed by federal troops Southern states were required to provide land and education to the freedmen as a form of reparation for slavery

Southern states were required to provide land and education to the freedmen as a form of reparation for slavery

In contrast to radical Republicans, moderate Republicans generally favored which of the following? The lowering of the income tax The use of federal power to alter the Southern economic system Returning the Southern states to the Union without significant Reconstruction Emancipation but opposed the Fourteenth Amendment States' rights and opposed direct federal involvement in individuals' lives

States' rights and opposed direct federal involvement in individuals' lives

The First Reconstruction Act established which of the following plans of governance for the "rebel States"? Temporary military governments in the rebel states Temporary military governments in all Southern states Permanent military governments in the rebel states

Temporary military governments in the rebel states

James Buchanan

The 15th President of the United States (1857-1861). He tried to maintain a balance between proslavery and antislavery factions, but his moderate views angered radicals in both North and South, and he was unable to forestall the secession of South Carolina on December 20, 1860.

Andrew Johnson

The 17th president took a more lax approach to the south during the reconstruction, granting sweeping pardons to former Confederates and supporting Southern Black Codes against freedmen. In 1868, Johnson was impeached by the House of Representatives for breaching the Tenure of Office Act. Acquitted by the Senate, he remained in office to serve out his term.

Besides the border states that retained slavery, in what region of the North was an antislavery Civil War the most unpopular? -The New England states -The far Western states of Oregon, California, and Nevada -The commercial centers of New York, Pennsylvania, and Delaware -The Butternut region of southern Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois -The midwestern agricultural states of Wisconsin, Iowa, and Minnesota

The Butternut region of southern Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois The five slave states that did not secede during the Civil War—Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, Delaware, and West Virginia—were known as the Border States. To keep these states in the Union and appeal to those states in the Butternut region of southern Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois where an antislavery war was unpopular, President Lincoln insisted that the war was not about abolishing slavery but rather protecting the Union.

Sand Creek Massacre (1864)

The U.S. Army convinced a group of Cheyenne to stop raiding farms and return to their Colorado reservation peacefully, where the army attacked and killed about 150 people while burning the camp.

What did the radical Republican law that laid the basis for Andrew Johnson's impeachment declare? Johnson had to integrate the federal government and the U.S. Army and Navy. Pardons of the Confederate traitors were illegal and invalid. The president must include a freedman's representative in the Cabinet. The president could not exercise his power as commander in chief until he enforced the Military Reconstruction Act. The president could not remove a member of the Cabinet without consent of the Senate.

The president could not remove a member of the Cabinet without consent of the Senate.

scalawags

a term used for pro-union southern whom southern Dems accused of plundering southern Resources in collisions with the republican government after the civil war

William Sherman

Union general who led ramages through Georgia in 1864, pioneer of total war

Seige of Vicksburg

Turning point; Union Gen. Grant takes control of the Mississippi River and splits south in two

Jefferson Davis

US senator from Mississippi and president of confederates. He defended slavery and southern rights, but initially opposed secession in 1860. Faced issues with southern localism and his war effort.

George G. Meade

Union General who lead forces to win against Lee at Gettysburg

Ku Klux Klan

White supremacy organization that intimidated blacks out of their newly found liberties and was revived during the 1920s

Battle of Gettysburg

a Union Civil War victory that turned the tide against the Confederates at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania

Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson

a confederate general who commanded men in the first bull run and protected Shenandoah Valley in Virginia, joined together with Lee to halt the Peninsula campaign in 1862

Homestead Act

this act made land cheap in exchange for its improvement over five years. The goals were to help develop more lands out west and move people that way. having more people out west meant having more states which translated to a stronger union.