History of Architecture - Greek Architecture
Entasis
A slight convex curve in the shaft of a column, introduced to correct the visual illusion of concavity produced by a straight shaft
ca. 421-405 B.C. - Erechtheion (view from the southeast), Acropolis, Athens, Greece
An ancient Greek temple on the north side of the Acropolis of Athens in Greece which was dedicated to both Athena and Poseidon.
Triglyphs
An architectural term for the vertically channeled tablets of the Doric frieze in classical architecture
Corinthian
The last developed of the three principal classical orders of ancient Greek and Roman architecture. A capital (the distinguishing feature, consisting of two rows of acanthus-leaves over the astragal, with caules rising from the acanthus-leaves and sprouting helices or volutes from each calyx with bud).
Entasis
a slight convex curve in the shaft of a column, introduced to correct the visual illusion of concavity produced by a straight shaft.
Volute
a spiral scroll characteristic of Ionic capitals and also used in Corinthian and composite capitals.
stoa
is a covered walkway or portico, commonly for public use. Early versions were open at the entrance with columns.
Parthenon
is a former temple on the Athenian Acropolis, Greece, dedicated to the goddess Athena, whom the people of Athens considered their patron.
greek Frieze
is a long narrow band of sculpture that runs along the architrave of a Greek temple or another building. One of the most famous of theses is the one on the Parthenon in Athens, Greece.
Metope
is a rectangular architectural element that fills the space between two triglyphs in a Doric frieze.
ca. 429 B.C. - KRESILAS, Pericles. Roman marble copy after a bronze original of approx. 6' high.
A bust of the Athenian statesman and general Pericles which survives in the form of four marble copies from the Roman Imperial period.
ca. 131 A.D. - Temple of Olympian Zeus, Athens
A colossal ruined temple in the center of the Greek capital Athens that was dedicated to Zeus, king of the Olympian gods.
Parthenon - 447 BC
A former temple, on the Athenian Acropolis, Greece, dedicated to the goddess Athena
Frieze
A long narrow band of sculpture that runs along the architrave of a Greek temple or another building
Colonnade
A row of columns supporting a roof or entablature
Volutes
A spiral scroll characteristic of Ionic capitals
Metopes
A square space, often with a carved image in it, between triglyphs in a Doric frieze.
Triglyphs
A tablet in a Doric frieze with three vertical grooves and alternate with metopes.
ca. 427-424 B.C. - Temple of Athena Nike, Acropolis, Athens, Greece
A temple on the Acropolis of Athens. It was named after the Greek goddess, Athena Nike. Built around 420BC, the temple is the earliest fully Ionic temple on the Acropolis.
ca. 1-10 A.D. - Maison Carrée, Nîmes, France
An ancient building in Nîmes, southern France; it is one of the best preserved Roman temple façades to be found in the territory of the former Roman Empire.
Acropolis, Athens, Greece
An ancient citadel located on an extremely rocky outcrop above the city of Athens and contains the remains of several ancient buildings of great architectural and historic significance, the most famous being the Parthenon.
Cornice
Crowning projecting element of the entablature
Cella
Enclosed interior chamber of a temple, where cult statue is housed
Corinthian: Fanciest Ionic: Spirals (Volutes) Doric: Least Fancy
Fancyness
Capital
Forms the topmost member of a column
4
How many metopes are there at the Parthenon
Stereobate
In Greek architecture, the stepped base on which a temple stands.
Metope
In classical architecture, a metope (μετόπη) is a rectangular architectural element that fills the space between two triglyphs in a Doric frieze
Architrave
Lintel or horizontal beam at base of entablature
Fluting
Narrow channels running up and down them columns
Entasis
Often used to create an optical illusion as the curved middle section of the column was a slight convex curve.
Doric
Oldest style of column. Fluted with a thick, square abacus resting on a round mold.
Ionic
One of the three orders of classical architecture. The Ionic capital is characterized by the use of volutes.
Pheidias
Sculptor of the Parthenon.
Frieze
Sculptured or ornamented band on a building or other flat surface
Propylaia
Serves as the entrance to the Acropolis in Athens
Fluting
Shallow vertical grooves in the shaft of a column or pilaster
ca. 460 B.C. - Temple of Hera II, Paestum
Sometimes called the Temple of Neptune or the Temple of Poseidon is an archaic Doric temple in the ancient city of Paestum. It is one of the best preserved Greek temples in the world.
Naos
Temple, holy place.
Doric
The Doric order was one of the three orders of ancient Greek or classical architecture, most easily recognised by the simple circular capitals at the top of columns.
Nike
The Greek goddess of victory
Pediment
The triangular space formed by the sloping roof and cornice at the ends of a Classical temple
Ionic
Top of a column that resembles a scroll
Entablature
Upper part of a building between the capital and roof
Stylobate
Upper step of the base of a Greek temple
fall of troy, centaurs vs Lapiths, Athenians vs Amazons and greek gods fighting giants
What are the metopes at the parthenon
East pediment at the Parthenon
What is this
mausoleum
a building, especially a large and stately one, housing a tomb or tombs.
Tholos
a circular structure, often a temple, of ancient Greece and ancient Rome, and in classical or neoclassical architecture.
Entablature
a horizontal, continuous lintel on a classical building supported by columns or a wall, comprising the architrave, frieze, and cornice.
Colonnade
a row of columns supporting a roof, an entablature, or arcade.
Callicrates
architect of the Temple of Athena Nike.
Ictinus, Callicrates and Carpion
architects of the Parthenon.
Ionic
are the thinnest and smallest columns out of the three canonic orders. It's capital is characterized by the use of volutes. They normally stand on a base which separates the shaft of the column from the stylobate or platform; the cap is usually enriched with egg-and-dart.
clarity
clearness, accuracy
Doric
columns were stouter than those of the other orders. Their smooth, round capitals are simple and plain compared to the other two Greek orders. A square abacus connects the capital to the entablature.
balance
equal distribution of weight
Peripteral
having a single row of pillars on all sides in the style of the temples of ancient Greece.
symmetry
having the same shape, size, and position on both sides of a dividing line
caryatid
is a sculpted female figure serving as an architectural support taking the place of a column or a pillar supporting an entablature on her head.
Temple of Athena Nike Acropolis - Athens, Greece 420 BCE Kallikrates Classical Greek - Ionic
is a temple on the Acropolis of Athens. Built around 420BC, the temple is the earliest fully Ionic temple on the Acropolis
Erechtheum
is an ancient Greek temple on the north side of the Acropolis of Athens in Greece which was dedicated to both Athena and Poseidon
Acropolis
is an ancient citadel located on a high rocky outcrop above the city of Athens and contains the remains of several ancient buildings of great architectural and historic significance, the most famous being the Parthenon.
Triglyph
is an architectural term for the vertically channeled tablets of the Doric frieze, so called because of the angular channels in them, two perfect and one divided, the two chamfered angles or hemiglyphs being reckoned as one.
Propylaea
is any monumental gateway entrance to the Acropolis in Athens.
Corinthian (1)
is the last developed of the three principal classical orders of ancient Greek and Roman architecture.
Architrave
is the lintel or beam that rests on the capitals of the columns. It is an architectural element in Classical architecture.
Flute
is the shallow grooves running vertically along a surface.
Cornice
is the topmost element of the entablature.
proportion
proper relation between parts
Stylobate
the foundation or base upon which a building or the like is erected
Pediment
the triangular upper part of the front of a building in classical style, typically surmounting a portico of columns.
Shaft
this rests upon the base, is a long, narrow, vertical cylinder that in some orders is articulated with fluting.
function
to serve a purpose
capital
top part of column.
beauty
very pleasing to the senses
Mnesicles
was an ancient Athenian architect active in the mid 5th century BCE, the age of Pericles. Plutarch identifies him as architect of the Propylaea, the Periclean gateway to the Athenian Acropolis
Perikles
was arguably the most prominent and influential Greek statesman, orator and general of Athens during the Golden Age— specifically the time between the Persian and Peloponnesian wars.
Apples of hisperadies, cleaning the Augean stables, cretan bull and nemean lion
what are the depictions on the metopes at the temple of Zeus at Olympia
Herakles 12 labours
what are the metopes at the temple of Zeus at Olympia
Herakles and the kerkopes
what does this depict
Heroic cattle raid
what does this depict
Early destruction of Troy
what is the East pediment at the temple of Aphaia
Birth of Athena
what is the east pediment at the parthenon
chariot race between pelops and oinomaos
what is the east pediment at the temple of zeus at Olympia
Medusa in between two felines
what is the pediment at the temple of Artemis
Athena vs Poseidon
what is the west pediment at the Parthenon
later destruction of Tory
what is the west pediment at the temple of Aphaia
Centauromachy
what is the west pediment at the temple of Zeus at Olympia
East pediment at the temple of Aphaia
what is this
East pediment at the temple of Zeus at Olympia
what is this
Metope at Temple C
what is this
West pediment at the parthenon
what is this
West pediment at the temple of Aphaia
what is this
West pediment at the temple of Zeus at Olympia
what is this
metope at Temple C
what is this
pediment at the temple of Artemis
what is this
Corinthian
what order?
doric
what order?
ionic
what order?
