History of Rock Exam 2

Dionne Warwick

Versatile singer. Started with gospel. Formed her first group The Gospelaires.

The Shangri-Las

When Leiber and Stroller left Atlantic, they formed a new label Red Bird. This was their most successful group.

The Dixie Cups

60's girl group from New Orleans. Joe Jones took them to New York. Chapel of love was their biggest hit.

The Crystals

Beloved girl group. Hill and Range were original producers until picked up by Phil Spector. Theres no one like my baby was their first hit.

Early Resurgence of folk music

American Folk Music grew out of oral tradition. John Lomax and his son Alan researched, notated and recoded a large number of songs from the Appalachians. They were helped by Charles Seeger. Charles son Pete Seger became one of of the foremost folk singers.

England radio stations

BBC and radio Luxembourg

Spanish Harlem***

Ben E King. Percussion, marimba, bass, strings, saxophone. Smooth melodic vocals. Harmonized back up vocals. Lyrics about romance. Sweet Soul.

Stand By Me***

Ben E. King. Clear melodic vocals. Percussion and guitar.Lyrics about friendship and devotion. Sweet Soul.

The Righteous Brothers

Bill Medley and Bobby Hatfield. Defined the term blue eyed soul. Established doo wop and R&B duo. Phil Spector added his wall of sound to their song "You've Lost that loving feeling."

The Rise of Sweet Soul

Black artists are singing easy listening ballads. Not considered part of rock and rolls first wave. Ray Charles searched for gospel singers to groom them into rock and roll stars.

Sam Cooke

Black performer and composer who founded a record label and publishing company. Joined the soul stirrers, one of the top gospel groups. in 1956 wrote a song called Lovable under the name of Dale Cook. Didn't work so returned to going by his own name. R&B, gospel and pop unto a new sound. You send me was his #1 hit. Able to cross over to white audiences. A change is gonna come embraced the civil rights movement. Shot to death.

Dance Craze

Brought rock and roll back to its r&b roots. Excitement after music slump in 60's. Brings black music back to the charts. Foreshadowing the disco trend. Showed dancing was exciting. Important because not just young adults and teens, older adults were excited too which wasn't true for rock and roll.

The Kingston Trio

Group has been touted as the group that started the folk revival in the late 50's. Bob, Nick and dave. Song Tom Dooley was one of their first big hits.

The Twist

Chubby Checker. Pop.

The Chiffons

Considered one of the best early 60's New York girl groups. Their first hit came with the tune he's so fine. This followed up with the King Coffin hit One Fine Day.

Misirlou***

Dick Dale. Guitar, drums and bass. Use of vocals interjections.

Walk On By***

Dionne Warwick. Piano, drums, percussion, and guitar. Melodic vocals. Lyrics about breakup. Sweet Soul.

Rebel Rouser***

Duane Eddy. Electric guitar, drums, bass, sax. No lead singer just backup vocals. King of Surf Guitar.

The British Invasion 4 record labels

EMI, Decca, Pye, Phillips. These labels licensed music from the American majors and indies for release in the Uk. EMI and Decca were most prevalent.

The Turn of The 60's

Economic resurgence, peace, conformity.Race relations are still bad. Education is seen as the key to the future. More money to spend on things you want. Folk music, surf music, boy/girl teen groups.

Bobby Vee

Filled in for Buddy Holly at the Winter Dance Party tour once he died. His fame suffered because of british invasion.Take good care of my baby was a well known song of his. Pop.

The Shirelles

First major female vocal group of the rock era. Defined the girl group with their soft, sweet harmonies. The music was a blend of pop/rock and r and b, espcially doo wop and sweet soul. After a number of small hits, The Shirelles make it to the top with the release of Will You Love Me Tomorrow.

Leiber and Stroller

First production team. Took interest in the black community. S played boogie woogie and bebop styles of piano which defined the sound of the 60's rock and roll. L contributed lyrics while S wrote the music. Experimented to establish a trademark sound. They got tired of doing their own business and left for Atlantic records were they were given independent status.

The Beatles Early Years

Formed out of the siffle band called the Quarrymen. He meets Paul McCartney and they perform as the Nerk Twins and the Johnny and the Moondogs. George Harrison joined at the end of the year. Recruited Stu Sutcliffe to play bass and Tommy Moore on drums. Changed their name to the silver beatles. Name got shortened to the beatles and tommy moore replaced Pete Best.

The Drifters

Founded by Ahmet Ertegun co owner of Atlantic records. Members changed alot so that named it _____. King left to have a solo career.

Ricky Nelson

Gained stardom on parents radio show. Pleasant pop- rockabilly style complimented by studio musicians. His familys show played his songs on a weekly basis.

Ben E. King

Ground breaking orchestrated production.

Neil Sedaka

Had two periods of success. Classically trained pianist and composed music for all his hits. Wrote breaking up is hard to do which is one of his most successful hits.

The Banana Boat Song

Harry Belafonte. Bongo drums, vocals, steel drums, cymbals, bass, and bongos. Call and response between lead and backup singers. Laid back.

The Vibrations

Hit the charts consistency throughout the 60's.The Watusi never reached top charts but did manage to cross over to r&b and pop markets. Closed out their career a a night club.

Teen Angel***

Mark Dinning. Begins with guitar, lead male vocals and harmonized female backup vocals. Light drums bass for chorus. Lyrics about teenagers death.

American Bandstand

Hosted by Dick Clark started airing in 1957, was a televised showcase of rock 'n' roll hits in which a live audience danced to recorded music. this spread of popularity of rock and made the host one of the best known figures among young Americans.

The Beatles in America

I want to hold your hand makes the Beatles superstars in the US before they ever sweet foot on American soil. Arrived to 5000 screaming fans. Ed sullivan contacted them to do 3 performances. 50,000 fans for the 700 seat available. 73 million viewers. a hard days night was their first movie.

Tom Dooley FORMAL ANALYSIS

Instrumentation in acoustic guitar and banjo. Vocals enter speaking - telling a story. Guitar and banjo outline melody until the vocals take over. Guitar and banjo then become an accompaniment. Chorus is a mixture of harmonized and solo vocals. Versus feature a clear lead singer with harmonized backup vocals.

Surf City***

Jan and Dean. Drums, bass, guitar. Harmonized vocals and use of falsetto. Call and response between lead and backup vocals. Lyrics about surfing.

Lonnie Donegan

King of Skiffle. Would play banjo or guitar in between songs. Released the song Rock Island Line which is a cover of a Leadbelly Tune. Decca released the single and it reached #8 on American charts. This starts a skiffle craze Britain.

It's My Party***

Lesley Gore. Begins with brass, drums, handclaps, piano, guitar, bass. Lyrics about crying at a party.

Four Main Characteristics of Early Folk Music

Lyrics had seriousness about political issues. The music was geared towards the college aged population. The trend moves to LP's from 45's because of longer attention span and more money. Acoustic instrumentation because electronic was considered artificial.

Connie Francis

Mainstream pop singer emerging in the late 1950s who appreciated the importance of appealing to the new young audience and occasionally performed bona fide rockers like "Stupid Cupid" and "Lipstick on Your Collar." Female teen idol. Singed with MGM at 16. Song whos sorry now is popular with american bandstand.

Bobby Vinton

Most successful teen idol. Roses are red was his most popular song. Pop.

The Everly Brothers

One of the few country influenced rockabilly groups to maintain popularity in the US from the late fifties into the early sixties. Characterized by their closely harmonized tenor voices. Early instrumentation was acoustic rhythm guitar played by Chet atkins and pianist played by Floyd Cramer. First hit was bye bye love. Were among the first 10 inductees into the hall of fame.

The Coasters

One of the few groups in rock and roll history to successfuly tackle music and comedy together. Their material was supplied by Leiber and Stroller. First hit was Smokey Joe's cafe. First vocal group inducted into the rock and roll hall of fame.

Cliff Richards and the Shadows

One of the most successful British rockers. Polished clear and metallic sound. Their biggest song was the Apache.

The Beach Boys

Originally called the Pendletones. Most definitive surf group. Sign with capital records with first hit surfin safari. Found themselves in a legal battle with Chuck Berry who claimed the tune was alot like his song Sweet Little Sixteen.

The Rise of the producer

R&R early wave is characterized by self contained musicians. The control sat with the artist. In pop man was crucial. Responsible for the coordinating of all the professionals. The producer absorbed responsibility of success and failure.

Put Your Head on My Shoulder ****

Paul Anka. Electric guitar, harmonized backup vocals, piano, bass guitar, drums, and bass. Melodic vocal style. Pop.

Jan and Dean

Reached top 10 of pop charts as teen idols with the tune baby talk. They performed with the beach boys and ended up switching their emphasis on surf and car songs.

The New Christy Minstrels

Recieved little respect despite being such a familiar name. They had an image problem. Songs were innocent and happy despite the political nonsense happening.

Bobby Darin

Recorded many different genres. His first hit was the ballad Dream Lover, reaching #2. Pop. Did not want to commit to one style specifically.

Be-Bop Baby***

Ricky Nelson. Begins with guitar, bass, piano, and drums playing an opening riff. Smooth melodic vocals enter. Rockabilly instruments with pop vocals.

Rockabilly Popsters

Rockabilly lost much of its reputation after the Payola Scandal so they were mostly phased out after 1959. By making the music more pop they were getting adults but still attracting teenagers.

Only the Lonely***

Roy Orbison. Backup doo wop style vocals. Piano drums guitar and bass. Stop time on the bridge. Vocals go falsetto.

Oh, Pretty Women

Roy Orbison. Steady drumbeat, guitar and bass enters with a riff. Harmonized and melodic vocals. Lyrics about appreciation of beauty.

You Send Me

Sam Cooke. Sweet Soul.

Roy Orbison

Same rockabilly roots as Elvis. Music was characterized by unrequited love. Underdog. Did rockabilly and love ballads. Blue Velvet movie featured Orbisons In dreams on its soundtrack.

The Surf Instrumental

Sax and hammond organ were used and the electric guitar were the most common solo instrument. Much of the foundation of stylings were founded by Duane Eddy and Dick Dale. Plucking of the strings and use of vibrato.

Peter, Paul, and Mary

Sporting mustaches and beard and long straight hair but fairly clean cut otherwise. Classified more along the folk nicks but were considered more acceptable.Active liberals but straddeled the fence when it came to big social and political issues.

If I Had a Hammer***

Starts with acoustic guitar. Mary takes lead vocals. Peter and Paul sing harmonized backup vocals. Lyrics speak of justic, freedom and love. No drums.

The Locomotion ***

Starts with drums, sax, bass. Harmonized backup vocals enter first call and response with the lead then as accompaniment. Handclaps as back beat.

Surfin USA FORMAL ANALYSIS

Starts with short electric guitar solo. Clear lead vocals enter with drums, guitars, backup vocals, organs. Use of falsetto. Everything becomes more active in the second verse. Not a strong back beat. All 4 beats are emphasized. Time signature is 4/4.

I Want to Hold Your Hand

The Beatles. Starts with a pickup. Guitar drums, bass and lots of cymbals. When solo vocals start handclaps emphasize the backbeat. Harmonizing backup vocals enter sporadically. Handclaps are the beat. Lyrics about romantic teenage love. AABA form with 4/4 time signature.

Frankie Avalon

Teen Idol. Clean cut surfer. Very successful. Hit song called Venus. Pop.

The Splatter Patter

Teenage romanticization of death. Produced under Brill Building Control.

My Boyfriend's Back***

The Angels. Begins with drums and handclaps. Guitar comes in with shots. Call and response between lead vocals and harmonized backup vocals. Horns enter. Lyrics about teenage romance.

Fun Fun Fun ***

The Beach Boys. Bass, electric guitar, hammond organ, drums. Solo vocals until the title of the song. Lyrics about cars and girls.

Down in Mexico FORMAL ANALYSIS

The Coasters. Begins with solo sax in a call and response technique with harmonized backup vocals. Electric guitar, percussion, bass guitar, lead guitar, percussion, piano, and saxophone. Electric guitar plays fills. AABA form.4/4 time signature.

On Broadway***

The Drifters. Piano, Percussion, guitar. Melodic vocals with call and response and harmonized back up vocals. Lyrics talk about becoming famous. Sweet Soul.

Up on the Roof***

The Drifters. Piano, guitar, strings, bass, drums, brass, sax, glockenspiel. Lyrics about escaping it all. Sweet Soul.

Cathy's Clown ***

The Everly Brothers. Section A has military style drum beat, electric guitar and bass. Section B has drumbeat, piano, guitar.

Bye Bye Love

The Everly Brothers. Starts with acoustic guitar. Bass guitar enters with vocals. Harmonized vocals sing chorus. Versus are sung solo by Don. Nasal vocals.

Walk Right In***

The Kingston Trio. Begins with instrumental opening - instrumentation consists of two 12 string guitars. percussive sounds are the sound of the strings. Harmonized vocals enter - female vocalist has the main melody - men provide harmony. Instrumental solo follows the melody.

Where Have All the Flowers Gone***

The Kingston Trio. Cover of a peter seger tune. Starts with acoustic guitars and no drums. Boys sing in unison to begin with and then break into harmonies.

Wipe Out***

The Surfaris. Twelve bar blues with stop time. Extraneaous noise and vocals. Drums, bass, guitar, cymbals.

Green Green ***

The New Christy Minstrels. Begins with 12 string guitars - guitar and banjo add in. Unison vocals enter with the chorus - male and female raspy vocals. Lead solo vocals enter with the verses. Raspy vocal style. Contrasting verse chorus form.

What causes came up after the assignation of JFK?

The civil rights movement, the vietnam war, the feminist movement, ecology, searching for ones self, rebellion against the establishment, the sexual revolution, turn on , tune in and drop out.

The Rise of Skiffle

_____ is a novelty form of music in Marica between 20 and 40's. Reborn in England. It was the British equivalent of rockabilly. Lonnie Donegan became the the father of British skiffle.

Paul Anka

a Canadian singer, songwriter. A long lasting artist with many hits including Diana.

The Dance Craze

The first, and probably premier, dance-craze tune was The Twist. Checker and The Twist were popularized on American Bandstand - in fact, Checker's cover of this tune was suggested by host Dick Clark. Dance songs typically relied on the 12-bar blues structure. Many songs contained dance "instructions" in the lyrics of the son. Many of the dances were individual dances, where partners did not touch

The Rooftop Singers

The most successful of folk revival's wonders. This trio formed in 1962 consisted of Erik, Bill and Lynne. Focused on the music rather than making political statements.

Phil Spector and the Wall of Sound

The wall of sound that he perfected in the early 60's opened unlimited possibilities for arrangements and sound construction in rock and pop. The wall of sound was accomplished by placing many musciains in a small room and blending backup instruments together to create a wall.

The Angels

Trio led by Peggy Davidson who wrote songs. My Boyfriends back was their biggest hit. Writeen/ produced by Bob Feldman with his partners Jerry Goldstein and Richard Gottenhrer.

Aldon Music

a songwriting company founded in New York in 1958 by Al Nevins and Don Kirshner. Targeted teens.

The Teen Idol

attractive, clean-cut, well-mannered young white performers meant to appeal to a teenage audience in a non-threatening way. Marketed on American Bandstand.

Lesley Gore

female American singer, songwriter, actress, and activist; recorded first pop hit at age 16 in 1963; worked with her brother in film industry in 1980s. Sent demos to Mercury Records and Quincy Jones helped make them #1 hits.

My Bonnie

first recording by Tony Sheridan and The Beat Brothers. The beat brothers are the Beatles. The success of the song brought the band to the attention of a young manager name Brian Epstein. Epstein cleaned up their appearance. Decca passes on them. Contacted by George Martin of Parlophone Records who sings them. Pete best gets replaced by Ringo star. The indie label Vee Jay released their album on the USA.

The Almanac Singers

folk group that took folk melodies and performed them with new texts that stressed the social and political concerns of the time. Left wing views gave them a limited audience.Pete Seeger.

Surf Music

popular genre of music originating from the surf culture of Southern California during the 1960's. Artists included the Beach Boys and Dale and the Del-tones. Entertainment. Used new technology. Geared towards teens. Came off of the surfing craze made by the movie Gidget.

Chubby Checker

the twist- not a rock pioneer because he just "covered" a popular song - he didn't invent. Popular for singing dance music.