History - Quiz 14

Which of the following dominated the Aztec state?

A hereditary nobility

How did justifications for slavery change from the fifteenth to eighteenth century?

Arguments supporting slavery began to focus more on science and nature and less on religion.

According to Map 14.3: Seaborne Trading Empires in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries, what nations dominated the global sea trade during this period?

Atlantic coastal European nations.

After losing access to slave trading from the Black Sea, the Genoese obtained which of the following as slaves?

Black Africans

How did French colonies respond to the problem of the low migration levels from France?

Colonial officials encouraged French trades to form ties with and marry native women.

What was Hernan Cortes's crucial advantage in his conquest of the Mexica Empire?

Cortes was able to exploit internal dissention within the Mexica Empire.

How did English colonies differ from other major European colonies in their treatment of African women?

English masters rarely freed the children that they fathered with female slaves.

How did Europeans initially justify the enslavement of Africans?

Enslavement benefitted Africans by bringing Christianity to them.

Who resisted the Portuguese efforts to gain control over Indian Ocean trade?

Muslim-controlled port cities.

Which European nation- with the help of Genoese financiers, merchants, and navigators- initiated an exploration along the Atlantic Coast of Africa in search of new sources of gold, silver, and copper?

Portugal

How did the English and French seek a route to East Asia?

They sought a northwest passage across North America.

Who was Prester John?

A mythical Christian king in Africa believed to be a descendant of one of the three kings who visited Jesus after his birth.

Who was the Portuguese caravel?

A three-mast sailing ship.

What did Columbus believe he had found when he arrived in the Caribbean?

Islands off the coast of Japan.

Settlers from the Massachusetts colony dispersed into new communities such as Connecticut and Rhode Island because

there were religious disputes among the colonists.

What motivations for exploration by Europeans are expressed in the following two quotes? Bartholomew Diaz: "To serve God and his Majesty, to give light to those who were in darkness, and to grow rich as all men desire to do." Hernan Cortes: "I have come to win gold, not to plow the fields like a peasant."

Accumulating wealth and converting indigenous populations to Christianity

"Everyone gives the title of barbarism to everything that is not according to his usage." How did Michel de Montaigne offer a counterpoint, expressed in the quote above, to Europe's growing imperial activities?

He rejected the notion that one culture is superior to another.

___ were active in Japan and China in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, until authorities banned their teachings.

Jesuit missionaries.

How did the Spanish respond to the trap set by the Inca King Atahaulpa?

The Spanish ambushed and captured Atahualpa, holding him for ransom and then executing him.

How did the encomienda system function?

The Spanish crown granted conquerors the right to employ or demand tribute from groups of Native Americans in exchange for providing food and shelter.

How did the Spanish monarchy seek to maintain control over its colonies?

The monarchy established intendants with broad administrative and financial authority who were responsible directly to the monarchy.

"Within a few days after our departure from every such town, the people begin to die... By report of the oldest men in the country this had never happened before... The people were persuaded that it was the work of our God." This quote from Thomas Hariot's report (Evaluating the Evidence 14.2) refers to what effect of European colonization?

The spread of European disease among Native Americans

The Mongol emperors of China

encouraged trade with Europe.

Bartolome de Las Casas asserted that the Indians

had human rights.

At the time of his death, Columbus believed the islands he found were

off the coast of Asia

The New Laws put forward by King Charles I of Spain in 1542

set limits on the authority of encomienda holders.

The following is an excerpt from Columbus's description of the Caribbean island of Hispaniola (Evaluating the Evidence 14.1): "Hispaniola is a wonder. The mountains and hills, the plains and meadow lands are both fertile and beautiful. They are most suitable for planting crops and for raising cattle of all kinds, and these are good sites for building towns and villages. The harbors are incredibly fine and there are many great rivers with broad channels and the majority contain gold. The trees, fruits and plants are very different than those of Cuba. In Hispaniola there are many spices and large mines of gold and other metals." This description supports the contention that Columbus's patrons in Spain were particularly interested in...

the economic potential of the lands Columbus explored.

According to his agreement with the Spanish crown, what rewards would Columbus receive if he found a water route to Asia?

He would be named viceroy over any territories he discovered and receive one-tenth of the material rewards of the journey.

The ___ was the center of the Afro Eurasian trade world.

Indian Ocean.

Which of the following was a major motivation for European exploration?

Desire for material profit.

Which of the following characterizes the role of Europe in the system of world trade prior to the voyage of Columbus?

Europe was a minor trading power that produced few products desired by other civilizations.

When Vasco da Gama arrived in the Indian Ocean, how did he navigate these unknown waters?

He hired and Indian pilot as his guide.

How did Portuguese merchants obtain most of their slaves in Africa?

They traded for slaves with local leaders.

Spanish settlement in the Americas was centered on

towns and cities.

Which of the following best characterizes the immigration patterns (forced and unforced) of Europeans and Africans to the Americas between 1500 and 1800?

About four ties as many Africans migrated to America as did Europeans.

The European voyages of the fifteenth century were derived from a desire to share in the wealth of the

Indian Ocean trade.

What did the Treaty of Tordesillas accomplish?

It divided the Atlantic Ocean, giving Spain control of everything west of an imaginary line and Portugal everything east of the line.

How did the Turks' expansion of the Ottoman Empire and their conquest of the Byzantine Empire and its capital Constantinople in 1453 influence European exploration?

It forced Europeans to search for alternate trade routes to China, bypassing the overland routes now controlled by the Ottoman Empire.

Which of the following plays by Shakespeare highlighted the issue of race?

Othello

In the fifteenth century, two rival Islamic empires dominated the Middle East: the Turkish Ottomans and the..

Persian Safavids.

Portugal's participation in European expansion was given critical support by

Prince Henry

How did the introduction of Ptolemy's Geography mislead European cartographers?

Ptolemy asserted that the world was much smaller than it actually is, indicating that Asia was not far removed from Europe to the west.

Based on Map 14.1: The Fifteenth-Century Afro Eurasian Trading World, Afro Eurasian trade during this period was centered on what body of water?

The Indian Ocean.

In chronological order, what were the three successive commercial empires established by Europeans in the fifteenth, sixteenth, and seventeenth centuries?

The Portuguese, the Spanish, and the Dutch

How did Magellan's circumnavigation of the glove affect Spanish colonization?

The great distance of the Pacific convinced the Spanish to abandon efforts to trade in Asia and develop their American colonies instead.

What was the primary cause of the emergence of inflation in Spain in the sixteenth century?

The inability of Spanish agriculture and manufacturing to meet the growing demand for goods.

What group of people benefited the most from large price increases in the sixteenth century?

The middle class.

The following is an excerpt from the response of the vanquished leaders of Tenochtitlan to Franciscan missionaries seeking to convert them (Evaluating the Evidence 14:3): "You have told us that we do not know the One who gives us life and being, who is Lord of thee heavens and of the earth. You also say that those we worship are not gods... it is best, our lords, to act on this matter very slowly, with great deliberation. We are not satisfied or convinced by what you have told us, nor do we understand or give credit to what has been said of our gods... All of us together feel that it is enough to have lost, enough that the power and royal jurisdiction have been taken from us. As for our gods, we will die before giving up serving and worshiping them." Based on this statement, which of the following can be said of the leaders of Tenochtitlan?

They accepted the fact that they had been defeated.