History Reconstruction/Andrew Johnson

What was ironic about the election of Andrew Johnson?

A man from a state that had seceded was now president.

Which of the following descriptions provides an accurate assessment of the long-term success of Reconstruction?

Although initially making progress, it failed to provide lasting improvements for blacks.

Southern whites responded to the end of slavery with:

Black Codes.

Which of the following best describes the black response to the ending of the Civil War and the coming of freedom?

Blacks adopted different ways of testing their freedom, including moving about, seeking kin, and rejecting older forms of deferential behavior.

When assessing the impeachment of Andrew Johnson, what can be determined about this issue?

Both Congress and the president accused the other of unconstitutional acts.

Who referred to the amendments of Reconstruction as a "great Constitutional revolution"?

Carl Schurz.

The bloodiest act of violence during Reconstruction took place in ________ in 1873, where armed whites killed hundreds of former slaves, including fifty militia members who had surrendered.

Colfax, Louisiana,

What was the northern vision for the Reconstruction-era southern economy?

Emancipated African-Americans would have the same opportunities for advancement as northern whites.

Which Constitutional amendment was intended to guarantee the voting rights of black men?

Fifteenth Amendment

What did Andrew Johnson do with the land of plantation owners seized during the Civil War?

He returned it to the original owners.

In what way was Reconstruction policy a success?

It established an amendment promising equal protection for all.

What did Andrew Johnson focus on with his Reconstruction plan?

Presidential pardons for white southerners.

Why, specifically, did Andrew Johnson's Reconstruction plan fail?

Prominent ex-Confederates and pre-Civil War elite came into power.

In the 1870s, who claimed to have saved the white South from the corruption of northern and black officials?

Redeemers

How did Reconstruction leave an enduring legacy?

The nation's first African-American colleges were established.

The Civil Rights Bill of 1866:

defined the rights of American citizens without regard to race.

The 15th Amendment

forbade states to deny any citizen the right to vote on the grounds of race, color, or previous condition as a slave.

During Reconstruction, various feminists who supported a woman's right to vote:

found themselves divided over whether to support the Fifteenth Amendment.

Anything less than ________ would betray the Civil War's meaning, black spokesmen insisted.

full citizenship

Black officeholders during Reconstruction:

helped ensure a degree of fairness in treatment of African-American citizens.

For most former slaves, freedom first and foremost meant:

land ownership.

With the beginning of Radical Reconstruction, southern African-Americans in the late 1860s and early 1870s took direct action to remedy long-standing grievances. These actions included:

mass political meetings, staking their claim to equal citizenship.

Most of those termed "scalawags" during Reconstruction had been:

non-slaveholding white farmers from the southern upcountry prior to the Civil War.

In passing the Fourteenth Amendment, Congress sought to...

protect the citizenship rights of freedmen.

The Bargain of 1877:

recognized Democratic control of the South.

The Enforcement Acts, passed by Congress in 1870 and 1871, were designed to:

stop the activities of terrorist groups such as the Ku Klux Klan.

Sharecropping

was preferred by African-Americans to gang labor (because they were less subject to supervision).