History SOL Review Questions

"...If from now on the King starts by rising early and going to bed late, and if the ministers take oaths among themselves to cut out the evils of parties and merriment, be diligent in cultivating frugality and virtue, do not allow private considerations from taking root in their minds, and do not use artifice as a method of operation in government affairs, then the officials and common people will all cleanse and purify their minds and be in great accord with his will..." -Yi Hang,no, Korean Royal Adviser Which Confucian principle is reflected in this statement? a. The ruler must set an example for the people. b. Respect for elders is the foundation of civilization. c. Virtue increases with education. d. Compassion and sympathy for others is important.

a. The ruler must set an example for the people.

The feudal systems in both medieval Europe and early Japan were characterized by: a. a decentralized political system b. religious diversity c. an increased emphasis on education d. the development of a wealthy middle class

a. a decentralized political system

One way in which the Twelve Tables and Justinian's Code were similar is that both provided: a. a standardized system of laws b. a means of achieving social equality c. the freedom to pursue their own religion d. the right to a public education

a. a standardized system of laws

The Neolithic Revolution was characterized by the: a. change from nomadic herding to settled farming b. growth of iron tooling technology c. migration of early peoples to the Americas d. decline of large empires

a. change from nomadic herding to settled farming

"Beginning with childhood, all of a man's study is centered on one aim alone - to emerge successfully from the three days' examination - and all he has in mind is what success can bring to his family in terms of power, influence, and prestige." -Ye Shih, Chinese Scholar This quotation refers to the Chinese: a. civil service system b. social welfare system c. contemplation of nature d. religious practices

a. civil service system

The Code of Hammurabi and the Twelve Tables were designed to: a. create a stable society b. promote peaceful relations with other cultures c. provide a framework for the development of democracy d. emphasize the importance of life after death

a. create a stable society

The ethnocentric attitudes of various Chinese emperors can best be attributed to the: a. cultural isolation of China b. failure of other nations to become interested in China c. interest of Chinese scholars in other civilizations d. great cultural diversity with China's borders

a. cultural isolation of China

China under the Han dynasty and the Roman Empire were similar in that both grew wealthy because they: a. developed extensive trade networks b. created classless societies c. encouraged democratic ideals d. established free-market economies

a. developed extensive trade networks

All citizens in ancient Athens had the right to attend the Assembly, where they could meet in open discussion and cast votes. This situation is an example of: a. direct democracy b. theocracy c. representative democracy d. monarchy

a. direct democracy

What was an important result of the Neolithic Revolution? a. food supplies became more reliable b. new sources of energy became available c. people became more nomadic d. populations declined

a. food supplies became more reliable

Early peoples who moved frequently as they searched for the food they needed for survival are called: a. hunters and gatherers b. village dwellers c. subsistence farmers d. guild members

a. hunters and gatherers

The emperor Constantine issued the Edict of Milan, which: a. legalized Christianity in the Roman Empire b. allowed absolute freedom of religion in Rome c. prohibited public displays of religion in the Empire d. promised rewards to anyone turning in a Christian to the authorities

a. legalized Christianity in the Roman Empire

The Upanishads, the Ramayan, and the Bhagavad Gita are considered to be significant pieces of Indian literature because they: a. provide guidelines for Hindu living and behavior b. identify basic Buddhist principles c. show the constant struggle of Harappan life d. reflect the similarities between the Hindu and Islamic religions

a. provide guidelines for Hindu living and behavior

The caste system in India and the feudal system in Europe were similar in that both: a. provided structure for society b. developed concepts of natural rights c. established democratic governments d. promoted peace and prosperity

a. provided structure for society

In India, Bangladesh, and much of Southeast Asia, agricultural productivity is most affected by the: a. seasonal monsoons b. unnavigable rivers c. numerous deserts d. cold climate

a. seasonal monsoons

Alexander the Great's conquests of Greece, Asia Minor, Egypt, and Persia led to the: a. spread of Hellenic culture b. adoption of a feudal system c. establishment of representative democracy d. spread of Islamic culture

a. spread of Hellenic culture

"The Peace of God declared that feudal warfare could not take place n church property, and it promised sanctuary in churches and abbeys to fugitives from combat. The Truce of God forbade fighting from Wednesday evening until Monday morning, on holidays, and during the religious seasons of Christmas and Lent..." -Medieval and Early Times This quotation implies that: a. the church had considerable political power b. war was limited to religious holidays c. religion was dictated by feudal law d. landlords determined when warfare took place

a. the church had considerable political power

Before the use of the Silk Road, how did geography affect early China? a. the mountains and deserts in northern and western China slowed the exchange of ideas b. the northwestern region provided many ferule areas suitable for farming c. the three major river systems provided barriers against invasion d. the lack of deep-water ports on the eastern coast prevented China from developing trade with other nations

a. the mountains and deserts in northern and western China slowed the exchange of ideas

Which belief is most closely associated with the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama? a. People are born into a specific caste b. Believers must follow the Ten Commandments c. Followers must fast during Ramadan d. People can overcome their desires by following the Eightfold Path

b. Believes must follow the Ten Commandments

How did geography influence the development of ancient Greece? a. Rich farmland led to dependence on agriculture. b. Excellent harbors encouraged seafaring trade. c. Flat plains made centralized rule possible. d. Tropical climate discouraged urban development.

b. Excellent harbors encouraged seafaring trade.

Which sequence of events is correct? a. Macedonian Conquest, Greek Dark Ages, Persian Wars, Peloponnesian Wars b. Greek Dark Ages, Persian Wars, Peloponnesian Wars, Macedonian Conquest c. Peloponnesian wars, Persian Wars, Greek Dark Ages, Macedonian Conquest d. Greek Dark Ages, Peloponnesian Wars, Persian Wars, Macedonian Conquest

b. Greek Dark Ages, Persian Wars, Peloponnesian Wars, Macedonian Conquest

What type of column looks like it has a scroll or two eyes at either end? a. Doric b. Ionic c. Hellenic d. Corinthian

b. Ionic

The period of peace and prosperity in Rome beginning under the rule of Augustus is known as the: a. Golden Age b. Pax Romana c. Edict of Milan d. Renaissance

b. Pax Romana

During the early Middle Ages, western European societies were most influenced by: a. national monarchies b. Roman Catholic Church c. elected parliaments d. the Byzantine Emperors

b. Roman Catholic Church

What was one cause of the development of many small independent city-states in ancient Greece? a. Greece and Rome were often at war. b. The mountainous terrain of Greece resulted in widely scattered settlements. c. Military leaders found small Greek settlements easy to control. d. The Greek people had many different languages and religions.

b. The mountainous terrain of Greece resulted in widely scattered settlements.

Which development in Russian history led to the other three? a. Orthodox Christianity was adopted in Russia. b. Trade developed along the rivers linking Russia and the Byzantine Empire. c. The Cyrillic alphabet became the basis of the Russian written language. d. Russian leaders took the title of czar, or Caesar.

b. Trade developed along the rivers linking Russia and the Byzantine Empire.

A major goal of the Christian Church during the Crusades (1096-1291) was to: a. establish Christianity in western Europe b. capture the Holy Land from Islamic rulers c. unite warring Arab peoples d. strengthen English dominance in the Arab world

b. capture the Holy Land from Islamic rulers

According to Buddhist principles, believers can end personal suffering by: a. doing old deeds b. eliminating selfish desires c. making pilgrimages to Mecca d. relying on divine help

b. eliminating selfish desires

-Roman women could own property -Roman women could make wills leaving their property to whomever they choose A valid conclusion drawn from these facts is that Roman women: a. had the right to vote b. enjoyed some legal rights c. were equal to men d. could hold public office

b. enjoyed some legal rights

"I am lucky enough to have been involved for a half century with work mostly in East Africa, that very much belongs to everyone, since it concerns the human origins that are common to the whole human race." -Mary Leakey, Autobiography In this quotation, the author is implying that early humans: a. migrated from Africa to Eurasia b. first appeared in Africa c. invented tools and mastered the use of fire d. appeared shortly after the Neolithic Age

b. first appeared in Africa

The five relationships taught by Confucius encouraged people to: a. improve their position in life b. maintain social and political order c. respect and worship nature d. serve the needs of religious leaders

b. maintain social and political order

In a comparison of the ancient cities of Athens and Sparta, Sparta placed more emphasis on: a. education b. military service c. family order d. human rights

b. military service

In the Roman republic, most political decisions were made by: a. the Etruscan kings b. patricians in elected assemblies c. the emperor with consent of the Senate d. military commanders in the field

b. patricians in elected assemblies

The Byzantine Empire made its most important contribution to later civilizations by a. recognizing the pope as the head of the church b. preserving much of the Greco-Roman heritage c. establishing trade routes to the Americas d. encouraging the spread of Buddhism

b. preserving much of the Greco-Roman heritage

What is one characteristic of a society that practices subsistence agriculture? a. growth of surplus crops for export b. production of crops mainly for its own use c. establishment of large state-owned farms d. dependence on the use of slave labor for the production of crops

b. production of crops mainly for its own use

The geographic isolation of a society most often leads to: a. development of trade b. strengthening of traditional culture c. promotion of cultural diffusion d. growth of international alliances

b. strengthening of traditional culture

Which quotation from the teachings of Confucius is most similar to the Golden Rule from Judeo-Christian teaching? a. "If a ruler is upright, all will go well without orders." b. "By nature, men are pretty much alike. It is learning and practicing that set them apart." c. "While a father or mother is alive, a son should not travel far. d. "Do not do to others what you do not wish for yourself."

d. "Do not do to others what you do not wish for yourself."

Who is credited with founding Judaism? a. Jacob b. Daniel c. David d. Abraham

d. Abraham

"If a son has struck his father, they shall cut off his hand. If a nobleman has destroyed the eye of a member of the aristocracy, they shall destroy his eye..." The idea expressed in this quotation is found in the: a. Ten Commandments b. Twelve Tables c. Justinian Code d. Code of Hammurabi

d. Code of Hammurabi

The leader of Athens in its Golden Age of democracy and creativity was: a. Solon b. Draco c. Socrates d. Pericles

d. Pericles

which statement best describes the role of the Roman Catholic Church during the Middle Ages? a. The Church encouraged individuals to question authority. b. Church leaders were only involved in spiritual activities. c. The Church gained influence as people became more interested in secular affairs. d. The Church provided a sense of unity, stability, and order.

d. The Church provided a sense of unity, stability, and order.

The growth of feudalism during the Middle Ages was primarily caused by the: a. rivalry between empires b. suppression of democracy c. decline of the Roman Catholic Church d. collapse of a strong central government

d. collapse of a strong central government

The Fertile Crescent that lies between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers has had a significant impact on the Middle East because this area was the site of the: a. establishment of the first global empire b. formation of the state of Israel c. invasion of Kuwait by Iraq d. development of early centers of civilization

d. development of early centers of civilization

The Silk Road was important because it allowed for the: a. exploration of China by the Roman Army b. development of agriculture by the nomadic people of Central Asia c. movement of Chinese armies throughout Southeast Asia d. exchange of goods between Asia and the Middle East

d. exchange of goods between Asia and the Middle East

In China, Confucianism emphasized the idea that: a. equality should exist between all members of society b. salvation could be attained by prayer, meditation, and good deeds c. individual goals should be placed ahead of the needs of the group d. harmony could be achieved by the proper behavior of each member of a family or society

d. harmony could be achieved by the proper behavior of each member of a family or society

Hammurabi's code of laws and Qin dynasty legalism are similar in that both promoted the idea that: a. worship of leaders will maintain the power of an empire b. an informed citizenry will help maintain peace and prosperity c. equality of the people is the most important role of government d. harsh punishments for crimes will lead to a more orderly society

d. harsh punishments for crimes will lead to a more orderly society

-Many of Africa's traditional musical instruments are made of gourds and shells. -Ancient Egyptians wrote on papyrus, a reed found growing near the Nile River. -A major feature of Japanese art is the relationship between humans and nature. Which concept is illustrated in these statements? a. role of education in the ancient world b. development of traditional government c. effect of artistic expression on religion d. impact of geography on cultural development

d. impact of geography on cultural development

One way in which the Han dynasty and the Roman Empire were similar is that both: a. governed large areas around the Mediterranean Sea b. created democratic societies in which people elected their government officials c. developed a social system in which great equality existed d. promoted unity and communication by building a strong system of roads

d. promoted unity and communication by building a strong system of roads

Hieroglyphic and cuneiform systems provided the basis for the development of: a. subsistence farming b. painting and sculpture c. oral traditions d. recorded history

d. recorded history

Which geographic feature had the greatest influence on the development of early civilizations? a. dense forests b. mountain passes c. smooth coastlines d. river valleys

d. river valleys

Archaeological studies of the Indus Valley cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro show evidence of: a. dynastic rule b. monotheism c. social equality d. urban planning

d. urban planning

________ - established a direct but limited democracy; stressed the importance of the individual; considered the political ideas of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle; encouraged all citizens to participate in government Which heading best completes the partial outline? a. Political Developments of the City-State of Athens b. Effects of the Roman Empire on Economic Development c. Influence of Belief Systems on Byzantine Society d. Achievements of the Islamic Civilization

a. Political Developments of the City-State of Athens

One reason the Euphrates, Indus, Nile, and Tigris valleys became centers of early civilization is that these valleys had: a. borders and elevations that were easy to defend b. rich deposits of call and iron ores c. the means for irrigation and transportation d. locations in regions of moderate climate and abundant rainfall

c. the means for irrigation and transportation

The Crusades have been called "history's most successful failures." What statement best explains this expression? a. The Crusades did not achieve their original goals, but they brought about many desirable changes in Europe. b. Although the Crusaders captured the Holy Land, they were unable to bring about democratic reforms. c. The Crusades helped bring about the fall of the Roman Empire. d. The Crusaders prevented the Seljuk Turks from capturing Constantinople for many centuries.

a. The Crusades did not achieve their original goals, but they brought about many desirable changes in Europe.

Why did Scipio invade North Africa in the Second Punic War? a. to support Roman forces already attacking Carthage b. to capture Carthaginian naval bases and isolate their fleet c. to draw Hannibal into a decisive battle d. to avoid any large battle that would create an opportunity for Hannibal

c. to draw Hannibal into a decisive battle

The primary result of the Peloponnesian War was: a. Spartan dominance of the Greek city-states b. Persian control of the Mediterranean region c. weakening of the Greek city-states the beginning of the Golden Age of Athens

c. weakening of the Greek city-states

Byzantine Heritage - blended Christian beliefs with Greek art and philosophy; extended roman engineering achievements; preserved literature and science textbooks; ____________ Which action would best complete this partial outline? a. Adapted the Roman principles of justice b. Used a senate as the chief governing body c. Led crusades to capture Rome from the Huns d. Helped maintain Roman rule over western Europe

a. Adapted the Roman principles of justice

After the western Roman Empire fell to Germanic invaders in the 5th century A.D., the eastern part of the empire eventually became know as the: a. Byzantine Empire b. Carthaginian Empire c. Islamic Empire d. Persian Empire

a. Byzantine Empire

____________ - natural boundaries of mountains, desert, and sea; yearly flooding to enrich farmlands; Old and Middle Kingdoms; production of papyrus plant Which heading best completes this partial outline? a. Egypt - Gift of the Nile b. Mesopotamia - Land Between the Rivers c. China's Sorry - the Huang He River d. Harappa - City on the Indus

a. Egypt - Gift of the Nile

_______ --> central governments; organized religion; social classes; art and architecture; cities; roads, bridges, temples, and other public works; system of writing; different jobs Which title best completes this diagram? a. Elements of a Civilization b. Features of a Nomadic Lifestyle c. Basic Components of the Paleolithic Age d. Human Life 50,000 Years Ago

a. Elements of a Civilization

Olympic games, the poems of Homer, and Hellenistic culture are associated with which ancient civilization? a. Egyptian b. Roman c. Greek d. Phoenician

c. Greek

The terms Brahma, dharma, and moksha are most closely associated with which religion? a. Judaism b. Islam c. Hinduism d. Buddhism

c. Hinduism

What empire stretched from the Mediterranean Sea to India and allowed conquered peoples to be relatively independent from the empire? a. Egypt b. China c. Persia d. Greece

c. Persia

Which belief is shared by Hindus and Buddhists? a. Everyone should have the same social status. b. People should pray five times a day. c. The soul can be reincarnated. d. Material wealth is a sign of blessing of the gods.

c. The soul can be reincarnated

In which region did China's earliest civilizations develop? a. Gobi Desert b. Himalaya Mountains c. Yellow River d. Tibetan Plateau

c. Yellow River

Which feature would most often be shown on a political map? a. topography b. type of climate c. capital cities d. elevation

c. capital cities

-Showing respect for parents -Maintaining family honor -Honoring all elders Which term is most closely related to these three actions? a. nirvana b. animism c. filial piety d. hajj

c. filial piety

Constantinople became the center of the Byzantine Empire because: a. the pope had made it the capital of the Christian world b. it was a religious center for Muslims c. its location made it the crossroads of Europe and Asia d. it was geographically isolated from surrounding empires

c. its location made it the crossroads of Europe and Asia

"...Christian warriors, He who gave His life for you, today demands yours in return. These are combats worthy of you, combats in which it is glorious to conquer and advantageous to die. Illustrious knights, generous defenders of the Cross, remember the examples of your fathers who conquered Jerusalem, and whose names are inscribed in Heaven; abandon then the things that perish to gather unfading palms, and conquer a Kingdom which had no end." -St. Bernard of Clairvaux This statement was most likely used to encourage people to: a. repel a Viking invasion b. stop advancement of the Huns in Europe c. join the Crusades d. force Russians to convert to Catholicism

c. join the Crusades

Which values are most closely associated with the fundamental principles of Buddhism? a. competition and financial success b. maintaining the caste system and providing education for all people c. practicing nonviolence and giving up worldly desires d. self-determination and democracy

c. practicing nonviolence and giving up worldly desires

Feudalism influenced Europe and Japan by: a. fostering the growth of religion b. eliminating warfare c. providing social stability d. encouraging formal education

c. providing social stability

One result of the Neolithic Revolution was: a. an increase in the number of nomadic tribes b. a reliance on hunting and gathering for food c. the establishment of villages and governments d. a decrease in trade between cultural groups

c. the establishment of villages and governments

Which empire had the greatest influence on the development of early Russia? a. Roman b. Egyptian c. Byzantine d. British

c. Byzantine

As the Roan Empire declined, thick of the following occurred? a. The Roman citizens rushed to the defense of Rome. b. The military became highly organized and loyal to the Empire. c. Diocletian divided the Empire into an eastern half and a western half. d. The influence of the Roman Catholic Church decreased dramatically.

c. Diocletian divided the Empire into an eastern half and a western half.