history test one

Who is Charles Richet, and what did he insist would solve the economic problem?

French Nobel Prize winning physician. He insisted that removing women from the workforce would solve the problem of male unemployment and increase the nation's dangerously low birthrate.

What is Economic Nationalism, what was its hoped result and what did it actually cause?

Governments turned to their own resources. It hoped to achieve a high degree of economic self-sufficiency. In an age of global interdependence economic nationalism failed.

What is the "lost generation?"

Group of American intellectuals writers in postwar Paris. They expressed in poetry and fiction the malaise and disillusion of WWI. Their works overflowed with images of meaningless death and suffering.

What was the common denominator in art and architecture during the post-World War I era?

A disdain for realism and a concern for freedom of expression. Not to mirror reality but to create it. To abolish the sovereignty of appearance.

What is a proletariat?

A member of a class describing a class of wage-earning industrial workers in a society whose only possession of significant material value is their labor-power, their ability to work.

What is the Grapes of Wrath?

A novel portraying the Great Depression where deflated economies and hope was especially noticeable. It castigated the social and political order calling for a just society. It captured the official heartlessness and political anger of the depression.

Who is Sigmund Freud?

Developed the theory known as psychoanalysis. The focus on the inner world of the mind—the hidden depths of memory and emotion to understand the character.

What cultural developed attained their fullest potency during the two decades following the Great War?

An ideology of uncertainty and a lack of objective reality. Embraced irrational human behavior and an aversion to realism.

What is Bauhaus and what was its guiding principle for its theory of design?

Based on a marriage between engineering and art. Embodied the new doctrine that form must follow function.

Why did the U.S. economy, the Crash of 1929 particularly, create a ripple effect that circled the globe?

Because much of the world's prosperity depended on the export of U.S. Capital and the strength of U.S. imports markets.

How did Christian theology change after World War I?

Christians refused to accept that human society was a realization of God's purpose. It reminded generation of optimists that Christ's kingdom is not of this world.

By the summer of 1928, U.S. lenders and investors started to withdraw capital from Europe, placing an intolerable strain on the financial system. Why?

European countries failed to pay their debts. The U.S. would no longer loan money to help them.

The Crash of 1929 was on Black Thursday October 24. A wave of panic buying on the world's major stock exchanges caused stock prices to increase causing the Great Depression. Numerous Americans lost their life savings.

False

What did FDR mean in his inauguration speech when he said "...the only thing we have to fear is fear itself...?"

Fear causes unreasoning, unjustified terror which paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance.

Who is Albert Einstein?

His scientific discovery led to the social ideology that stated; truth was relative to the person measuring it. Reality or truth was merely a set of human mental constructs.

Who is Werner Heisenberg and what is the "uncertainty principle?"

His scientific discovery led to the social ideology that stated; truth was relative to the person measuring it. Reality or truth was merely a set of human mental constructs.

Describe 1920s prosperity?

Prosperity was fragile, false, and many serious problems remained in the international economy.

What effect would Japan suffer that would be a seed to the cause of World War II?

Japan relied on the import of fuel and metals to sustain and grow its military. The lack of these imported goods would cause Japan to invade China in search of these natural resources.

What is war communism?

Lenin's hasty and unplanned course of nationalization. A policy annulling private property, assumed control of banks, industry, and other privately held commercial properties, and the abolition of private trade.

Many idols of nineteenth-century progress came under attack. Why was Democracy considered another fallen idol?

Many abhorred democracy as a weak political system that championed the tyranny of the average person, the rule of inferiors. The masses were destined to destroy the highest achievements of Western society.

Who is John Maynard Keynes and what was his solution to the Great Depression?

Most influential economist during the Great Depression. He urged governments to play an active role in stimulating the economy and to undertake public works projects to provide jobs.

What effect did the Great War have on the 1920's?

Much of the world yearned for a return to normality and prosperity. But prosperity would be short-lived.

What is the Russian Civil War of 1918 to 1920?

Opposition to Lenin's Bolshevik Party started a civil war. Lenin began crushing all opposition which became known as the Red Terror campaign. Lenin won the civil war.

The Great Depression caused enormous personal suffering, describe?

People lost their jobs, savings, and homes, and often their dignity and hope. Millions struggled for food, clothing, and shelter grew desperate.

What is the New Deal?

President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's (FDR) plan to aggressively reinflate the economy and ease the worst of the suffering caused by the depression.

What is the classical economic thought defining capitalism and what effect did it have on the Great Depression?

That capitalism was a self-correcting system that operated best when left to its own devices. This system worsened the depression's impact and intensified the plight of the people.

What does the author mean when he writes: All artists were acknowledged to have a right to their own reality, and generally accepted standards that distinguished between "good" and "bad" art disappeared.

That the artist could express his perception of reality, there was no true reality only the one a person creates.

What did FDR mean in his inauguration speech when he said: "...Happiness lies not in the mere possession of money; it lies in the joy of achievement, in the thrill of creative effort...?"

That the nation must work and create to overcome the depression and not rely on government handouts.

One of the weaknesses of the global economy in the 1920's was the depressed state of agriculture, why?

The Great War caused an increase in production to meet the demands of the war. After the war this became overproduction and food prices collapsed. Farmers became impoverished.

What is the USSR?

The new rulers of Russia who transformed the former tsarist empire into the world's first socialist society, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in 1922.

Discuss the German economic problem as it relates to the U.S. and the European nations?

U.S. investors ceased lending money to Europe and called in German war debts. The German economy ground to a virtual halt adversely affecting European countries that depended upon post-World War I German success.

What is the Fascist movement and how was it affected by democracy?

Uncomfortable with the dictatorship of communist Russia fascism claimed to have an alternative to socialism and offered a revolutionary answer to reconstructing society - Italy and German were the most prominent.

What is the Great Depression?

Worldwide economic depression that was so long-lasting, so severe, and so global that it has become known as the Great Depression.

Who is Adolf Hitler?

Wounded German soldier at the end of WWI, leader of the Nazi party and dictator of Germany during World War II. Committed suicide after losing War.