History Unit 1 Chapter 2 Terms

House of Burgess

the first elected legislative assembly in the New World established in the Colony of Virginia in 1619, representative colony set up by England to make laws and levy taxes but England could veto its legistlative acts.

Who was William Bradford?

Governor of Plymouth. Was governor for decades wrote about what happened help define America as a land of religious freedom.

Pilgrims

Group of English Protestant dissenters who established Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts in 1620 to seek religious freedom after having lived briefly in the Netherlands.

Patroon System

-large states were given to wealthy men who transported at least 50 families to New Netherland to tend the land

Headrights

1 headright per person - 50 acres free land (50 acres) that are given to people over the age of 15 for people who are willing to come to English colonies in America

What year was the founding of Plymouth?

1620. Know that date.

What was the Great Migration?

30,000 Puritans leaving England and coming to North America.

Toleration Act of 1649

A Maryland law that made restricting the religious rights of Christians a crime; the first law guaranteeing religious freedom to be passed in America

Thomas Hooker

A Puritan minister who led about 100 settlers out of Massachusetts Bay to Connecticut because he believed that the governor and other officials had too much power. He wanted to set up a colony in Connecticut with strict limits on government.

Anne Hutchinson

A Puritan woman who was well learned that disagreed with the Puritan Church in Massachusetts Bay Colony. Her actions resulted in her banishment from the colony, and later took part in the formation of Rhode Island. She displayed the importance of questioning authority. She preached the idea that God communicated directly to individuals instead of through the church elders. She was forced to leave Massachusetts in 1637. Her followers (the Antinomianists) founded the colony of New Hampshire in 1639.

London Company

A joint-stock company chartered in 1606 and was responsible for founding the first permanent English settlement in America; Jamestown, Virginia in 1607.

Pocahontas

A native Indian of America, daughter of Chief Powahatan, who was one of the first to marry an Englishman, John Rolfe, and return to England with him; about 1595-1617; Pocahontas' brave actions in saving an Englishman paved the way for many positive English and Native relations.

Indenture servant

A person who agrees to work for another servant without pay for a certain length of time in exchange for passage to North America People who came to the New World, but had to work for 7 years to pay back for the trip to America.

William Penn

An English Quaker, founded Pennsylvania in 1682, after receiving a charter from King Charles II the year before. He launched the colony as a "holy experiment" based on religious tolerance.

Antinomianism

An interpretation of Puritan beliefs that stressed God's gift of salvation and minimized what an individual could do to gain salvation; identified with Anne Hutchinson.

Powhatan

Chief of the Powhatan Confederacy and father to Pocahontas. At the time of the English settlement of Jamestown in 1607, he was a friend to John Smith and John Rolfe. When Smith was captured by Indians, Powhatan left Smith's fate in the hands of his warriors. His daughter saved John Smith, and the Jamestown colony. Pocahontas and John Rolfe were wed, and there was a time of peace between the Indians and English until Powhatan's death.

Middle Colonies

Delaware, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania

Harvard College

First college in New World. Established by Puritans to train ministers.

What was the Mayflower Compact?

First written document of self government. The pilgrims on the Mayflower agreed to this form of self government with elected officical. They agreed to submit to the laws and duly elected leadership of the colony.

What colony did Puritans find?

Founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony except Plymouth

Lord Baltimore Celcilius Calvert

Founded the colony of Maryland and offered religious freedom to all Christian colonists. He did so because he knew that members of his own religion (Catholicism) would be a minority in the colony. 1694- He was the founder of Maryland, a colony which offered religious freedom, and a refuge for the persecuted Roman Catholics.

Who was John Winthrop?

Founder of Massachusetts Bay Colony and wrote the Model of Christian Charity. Desired to develop a Puritan Commonwealth where scripture would direct state and church and every aspect of life.

Who was James Oglethorpe

He is the proprietor of Georgia. Formed as a place for debtors to Georgia. Created a buffer b/ the Carolinas and the Spanish.

John Smith

Helped found and govern Jamestown. His leadership and strict discipline helped the Virginia colony get through the difficult first winter.

Who pays for royal colony?

It is paid for and controlled by the King and the King appointed the governor

What is the first permanent colony? What year was the founding of that first colony?

Jamestown, 1607. Know that date.

Southern Colonies

Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia

Who were the Puritans?

Members of Anglican church who stayed in the church of England but wanted to Purify the church.

What is Joint stock company?

Multiple investors investing in exploration or a colony

Squanto

Native American who helped the English colonists in Massachusetts develop agricultural techniques and served as an interpreter between the colonists and the Wampanoag.

Give examples of royal colony

New York (there aren't many royal colonies)

Sir Anthony Ashley-Cooper

One of the eight Lords proprietors that was granted a charter for Carolina.

Who founded Plymouth colony?

Separatists

Who pays for proprietary colony? Give example.

The King appointed a proprietor to govern the colony and that person reported directly to the King.

Plymouth Company

The Plymouth Company was an English joint-stock company founded in 1606 by James I of England with the purpose of establishing settlements on the coast of North America. The merchants offered an economical agreement to the settlers, where the merchants agreed to finance their trip and in return the settlers would have to repay their trip, through the profits made, with interest.

Who pays for a voyage in a charter colony?

The charter joint stock company. A charter company is started by a joint stock company. In a Charter Colony the king grants a charter but the Companys pay for and operate the Colony. - Governed by the Company

New England

The term for the colonies of Massachusetts bay, Rhode Island, and New Hampshire Founded by Puritans for religious freedom

What did Separatists believe?

They left the Anglican church they believed that each congregation should be independent of all others and they did not believe in the authority of the State Church.

Why did separtists leave Holland to come to North America?

They were afraid their children were losing their English culture.

Why did Separtists leave England and go to Holland?

They were getting persecuted in Englan and Holland allowed all Christian churches to be there and not regulated by the Anglican Church

What was the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut?

Thought of as our first constitution. Actually layed out how govt would function.

Who was Roger Williams?

Thrown out of Mass. Bay and founded colony of Rhode Island. He advocated separation of church and state