History: Unit 2 Review; CH. 7-8
How did Thomas Paine convince colonists to fight for independence?
"Common Sense"
Second Continental Congress
13 colonies, select Washington to head the improvised army going to Boston
Stamp Act Congress
1st result of Stamp Act, 9 colonies, declare they don't like Stamp Act on paper
Nonimportation Agreements
2nd result of Stamp Act, agree not to import goods from England--> forced to make things themselves--> pride and build on American identity
Sons of Liberty and Daughters of Liberty
3rd result of Stamp Act, take law into their own hands, hang ephigies and burn them
Lexington
8 Minute Men are killed
What were the advantages and disadvantages of the American colonists on the eve of the American Revolution?
Advantages- help from French, Disadvantages-
What were the advantages and disadvantages of Britain on the eve of the American Revolution?
Advantages- numerical but still hire Hessians, Disadvantages- some ppl didn't want to fight their American cousin
Olive Branch Petition
American loyalty to the crown and begging the King to prevent further hostilities but King is too fed up w colonists
How was French aid secured by American diplomats?
Ben Franklin, John Jay, John Adams go to England given directions by the French not to negotiate but do it anyway secretly
How did the British respond to the Boston Tea Party?
Boston Port Act
What role did mercantilism play in creating discord between British authorities and the colonists?
Britain take advantage of colonies bc they are in debt and the colonies are the main source of money
Concord
British are attacked
What were some of the military engagements that occurred before independence was declared by the colonists and what was the outcome of each?
Bunker Hill- colonists v Britain--> colonists win
Should the British Parliament's response to colonial violence be viewed as "coercive" or "intolerable"?
Coercive- convincing sometimes by force the colonists to listen intolerable- British requiring the colonists to do things that aren't humane
Who else joined the war to make it a World War?
France, Russia, Spain, Holland
Where did the British soldiers and American colonists clash in April 1775?
Lexington- 8 Minute Men were killed, and Concord- British are attacked
Who were likely to be Loyalists? What types of people favored Britain? How were Loyalists treated during the war?
Most Loyalists in PA and NY
Patriots and Loyalists
Patriots are rebels against the Crown, Loyalists are colonists loyal to the Crown
Intolerable Acts
Response: formation of First Continental Congress--> draft of Declaration of Independence--> formation of The Association
Declaration of Independence
Thomas Jefferson and the First Continental Congress
Charles Townshend
Townshend Acts
Radical Wings
a group in British political system who felt that King had too much arbitrary power and wrote about it warning citizens to be on guard against corruption
What were Thomas Paine's views on government?
against the monarch, for a democratic republic
Boston Tea Party
colonists dump million dollars worth of British tea in Hudson Bay in protest
Quartering Act
colonists must provide housing for British soldiers
Quartering Act 1765
colonists must provide housing to British soldiers
First Continental Congress
drafting and publishing the Declaration of Independence
Diplomat Benjamin Franklin
go to France and they are intrigued by him
Committees of Correspondents
goal was to keep the spirit of resistance against England
What events resulted in British soldiers landing in Boston and being involved in the Boston Massacre?
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How did the Stamp Act Congress pave the road for American Independence?
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Common Sense
introduces the idea of independence for the first time, Pamphlet that preaches, "Why should the small island of Britain control the vast America?"
Sam Adams
leads Sons of Liberty,
Boston Port Act
no imports to Boston until they pay back the amount of tea wasted
Admiralty Courts
place that ppl were sent to if they didn't pay taxes
Thomas Paine
preaches "common sense", powerful pamphlet, predicts Jefferson's Declaration, "why should the small island of Britain control the vast America?"
The Association
prohibited trading, importation, and consumption of British goods
Richard Henry Lee
proposes to Second Continental Congress independence, everyone votes 'yes'
Republicanism
res publica "of the people", just society, selflessness
Washington's acceptance of Commander in Chief of the Continental Army
shows humility bc even though he clearly doesn't think he deserved or was well equiped for leading an army, he accepts the position
Battle of Saratoga
shows the French that the colonists many have a chance at beating Britain and convinces France to help out against Britain
Hessians
soldiers-for-hire from German principality of Hesse, European mercenaries, good for efficiency but not loyal
Declaratory Act
state that even though the Stamp Act has been repealed, Britain is still in charge
Townshend Acts
tax on glass, lead, paper, tea, etc., ppl most upset about tea--> smuggle it even though it cost more but out of principle
Sugar Act 1764
tax on sugar, honey, placebo medicine, etc,--> tax on buying and selling sugar
Stamp Act 1765
taxed all items that had to carry stamps(most items)
British East India Company
tea
Boston Massacre
the result of boiled over tensions and nerves that lead to death of British soldiers and Boston colonists
How did the colonies respond to Grenville's laws, specifically the Stamp Act?
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George Grenville
wants to have a heavier hand and enforce British laws
Mercantilism
wealth and power is measured in gold and silver, belief that a country should have a strong treasury
At what point in the revolution was it clear that reconciliation was not an option?
when British deny the Olive Branch Petition
General Benedict Arnold
wins the Battle of Saratoga
Were the colonists justified in resisting British policies after the French and Indian War?
yes bc they had no direct representation in Parliament no bc British go into debt