History- Unit 2

William Cody

"Buffalo Bill", professional buffalo hunter, started Wild West Show

What year was the first recorded strike?

1877

Interstate Commerce Act (ICC)

1887 law passed to regulate railroad and other interstate businesses

trust

A group of corporations run by a single board of directors

Jp Morgan

A highly successful banker who bought out Carnegie. With Carnegie's holdings and some others, he launched U.S Steel and made it the first billion dollar corporation.

George Pullman

CEO of a luxury freight car company, invented first railroad sleeping car

James Naismith

Canadian immigrant who invented basketball

1882 law that prohibited the immigration of Chinese laborers

Chinese Exclusion Act

first rollercoaster

Coney Island, 1884

Where did most immigrants arrive when they got to the U.S?

Ellie Island, located in New York Harbor

John D. Rockefeller

Established the Standard Oil Company, wealthiest american of all time

Joseph Pulitzer

Hungarian immigrant publisher of the Evening World in NYC, established the Pulitzer prizes

First legislation meant to regulate big business

ICC and Sherman Antitrust Act

Nikola Tesla

Immigrant who invented electrical system

Eugene Debs

Leader of the American Railway Union, he voted to aid workers in the Pullman strike. He was jailed for six months for disobeying a court order after the strike was over.

Thomas Edison

Major inventor with over 1,000 patents. Some inventions - light bulb, the phonograph, and the motion picture camera

Reasons behind the growth of industry in the U.S

More workers, population growth, rise of entrepreneurs, and natural resources

Most densely populated city with immigrants

NYC

Knights of Labor (1869)

Nationwide labor union that was open to all workers.

Cornelius Vanderbilt

Railroad tycoon during the Gilded Age; self-made multi-millionaire. One of the robber barons

different names given to powerful businessmen and there trusts and monopolies, robber barons was given by those who felt the increased prices were unfair to consumers, captains of industry by those who admired them for their achievements like steel and railroads and providing lots of jobs.

Robber Barons/Captains of Industry

Alexander Graham Bell

Scotland immigrant who invented the telephone in 1876

Andrew Carnegie

Scotland immigrant who led the expansion of the American Steel industry and became one of the richest in America

purifying iron to make strong , lightweight steel

bessemer process

negotiation of wages and other conditions of employment by an organized body of employees.

collective bargaining

communities in which residents rely upon one company for jobs, housing, and buying goods

company towns

businesses that are owned by many investors who buy shares of stock

corporations

cholera

deadly disease caused by contaminated water or food

people who build and manage businesses or enterprises in order to make a profit, often risking their own money or livelihoods

entrepreneurs

freedom to run a business with minimal government regulation

free enterprise

term coined by Mark Twain, depicting the U.S. as having a "rotten core covered with gold paint."; post reconstruction era

gilded age

in Chicago, a protest gained national attention for an 8 hr work day. Protestors gathered in Chicago's haymarket square. A bomb was thrown by a protestor, killing a policeman. Dozens of people were killed, 8 protesters were tried for murder and four were executed

haymarket riot

steel makers and miners strike at the Carnegie Steel Company

homestead strike

type of monopoly where a company buys out all of its competition. Ex. Rockefeller

horizontal integration

American Federation of Labor

loose organization of 100 unions of skilled workers

a mass killing perpetrated by anti-striker militia because of conflict between coal miners. 20 people died, 11 of them children

ludlow massacre

public systems that could carry large numbers of people fairly inexpensively

mass transit

complete control of a product or business by one person or group

monopoly

3 things the south was required to grow industrially after the war

natural resources, labor, and capital investment

Sherman Antitrust trust

outlawed monopolistic business

exclusive rights over an invention

patent

detectives hired by employers as private police force, often used to end strikes

pinkertons

Why wasn't the south desirable for skilled workers?

poorly educated, and nobody wanted to work for low wages

a tax on imported goods that raises the price of imports so people will buy domestic goods

protective tariff

factors that draws or attracts people to another location

pull factors

in Chicago, Pullman cut wages but refused to lower rents in the "company town", Eugene Debs had American Railway Union refuse to use Pullman cars, Debs thrown in jail after being sued, strike achieved nothing

pullman strike

Conspicious Consumerism

purchasing of goods and services for the purpose of impressing others

times when workers refuse to work until owners improve conditions

strikes

low-cost multifamily housing

tenements

an approach typical of traditional mass production in which a company controls all phases of a highly complex production process.

vertical integration

Frederick Law Olmsted

was the most prominent landscape architect of the time, developing parks in Philadelphia New York