History Unit 3

the theory, advocated in response to the Tariff of 1828, that states could void federal law at their discretion

Nullification

an amendment to a revenue bill that would have barred slavery from all the territory acquired from Mexico

Wilmot Proviso

group that radically opposed what they viewed as the exploitation

Working Men's Party

During the war between the United States and Mexico, revolts against U.S. control broke out in ________. a. New Mexico and California b. California and Texas c. Florida and California d. Florida and Texas

a

How were the New England textile mills planned and built? a. New England merchants and British migrants memorized plans from British mills. b. Experienced British builders traveled to the United States to advise American merchants. c. Textile mills were a purely American creation, invented by Francis Cabot Lowell in 1813. d. New England merchants paid French and German mechanics to design factories for them.

a

Manufacturing and canal construction in the nineteenth century led to the development of which American city? a. Cincinnati b. Baltimore c. No answer text provided. d. Atlanta

a

Middle-class families began to a. have fewer children b. dwindle c. work for wages. d. have more children

a

The Indian Removal Act of 1830 forced most members of the Cherokee nation to relocate to which current U.S. state? a. Oklahoma b. Kansas c. Nebraska

a

The U.S. Supreme Court case Worcester v. Georgia established which of the following rulings? a. only the federal government could negotiate with Native American nations b. U.S. states could overrule federal decisions concerning Native American nations c. U.S. states held legal authority over Native American nations within their borders

a

The Wilmot Proviso concerned the legality of slavery in which of the following? a. in territories acquired from the Mexican-American War b. in free states that slaves might try escaping to c. in areas affected by the Land Act of 1820

a

The election of 1828 brought in the first presidency of which political party? a. the Democrats b. the Bucktails c. the Democratic-Republicans d. the Republicans

a

To balance votes in the Senate, ________ was admitted to the Union as a free state at the same time that Missouri was admitted as a slave state. a. Maine b. New York c. Arkansas d. Florida

a

What was the actual result of Jackson's policy of "rotation in office"? a. a replacement of Adams's political loyalists with Jackson's political loyalists b. the creation of the Kitchen Cabinet c. an end to corruption in Washington d. the filling of government posts with officials the people chose themselves

a

Which best describes how Mexican leaders reacted when large numbers of Americans settled in Texas in the 1820s and 1830s? a. They expected American settlers to become loyal Mexican subjects and productive citizens. b. They tried to prevent American settlers from influencing Texas' Mexican culture. c. They feared American settlers would engage the U.S. government in an outside invasion.

a

Which conflict resulted from resistance to the Indian Removal Act of 1830? a. the Black Hawk War b. the Mariposa War c. the Red Stick War

a

Which crop produced the greatest profits for American farmers in the nineteenth century? a. cotton b. corn c. No answer text provided. d. tobacco

a

Which group saw an expansion of their voting rights in the early nineteenth century? a. non-property-owning men b. Indians c. women d. free blacks

a

Which is the best characterization of textile mill workers in the early nineteenth century? a. young farm women whose behavior was closely monitored b. experienced artisans who shared their knowledge in exchange for part ownership in the company c. young men who found freedom in the rowdy lifestyle of mill work d. male and female indentured servants from Great Britain who worked hard to win their freedom

a

Which method of transporting freight was most common in the southern United States in the mid-1800s? a. roadways b. railroads c. canals d. No answer text provided.

a

Which of the following was not a cause of the Panic of 1819? a. Banks hoarded gold and silver. b. The Second Bank of the United States made risky loans. c. States chartered too many banks. d. Prices for American commodities dropped.

a

Which region of the United States was most dependent on roadways for transportation in the mid-1800s? a. the South b. No answer text provided. c. the Northeast d. the Midwest

a

Which statement best describes cause of the economic transformation the United States experienced in the early nineteenth century? a. The invention of new methods of transportation made it cheaper to ship freight. b. An increase in immigration to American cities created a larger work force. c. Scientific advances in the agricultural field led to larger crop yields. d. No answer text provided.

a

Who won the popular vote in the 1824 Presidential election? a. Andrew Jackson b. John Quincy Adams c. Martin Van Buren d. Henry Clay

a

With the growing number of Irish and German immigrants in the 1840's and 1850's, the number of ______________________ in the U.S. swelled. a. Roman Catholics b. Protestants c. Baptists d. Methodists

a

a person who brought new settlers to Texas in exchange for a grant of land

empresario

a person who engages in an unofficial military operation intended to seize land from foreign countries or foment revolution there

filibuster

the freedom to change one's own life and bring about one's own salvation

free moral agency

an economic theory holding that profits from the sale of the goods produced by workers should be equitably distributed to those workers

labor theory of value

a Mexican official who often served as combined civil administrator, judge, and law enforcement officer

alcalde

skilled, experienced worker who produces specialized goods by hand

artisan

According to treaties signed in 1818 and 1827, with which country did the United States jointly occupy Oregon? a. Spain b. Great Britain c. Mexico d. France

b

After the Louisiana Purchase, the United States' largest land acquisition resulted from which of the following? a. Texas b. the Guadalup-Hidalgo Treaty c. the Clayton Compromise d. the Jackson Purchase

b

How did westward expansion affect the slave trade in the United States? a. It created moral arguments that led to a decline in support for the slave trade. b. It created a greater demand for slaves by expanding the plantation system. c. It created a weaker demand for slaves by increasing the market for paid labor.

b

In what way were the majority of the settlers known as ?49ers? different from other settlers in the western territories? a. They were mostly in higher economic classes. b. They were mostly unmarried males. c. They were mostly under forty years old.

b

Most people who migrated within the United States in the early nineteenth century went ________. a. south toward Georgia b. west toward Ohio c. east across the Mississippi River d. north toward Canada

b

Robert Fulton is known for inventing ________. a. machine tools b. the steamship engine c. the mechanical reaper d. the cotton gin

b

Slavery and its legitimacy first became a major issue in the United States following which event? a. the Missouri Comprise b. the Louisiana Purchase c. the Northwest Ordinance of 1787

b

What led many of Georgia?s white residents to resent the Cherokee people in the early 1800s? a. The Cherokee expressed their own resentment through violent attacks. b. The Cherokee refused to sell their land to white residents for cotton farming. c. The Cherokee would not uphold trade agreements with white residents.

b

What main advantage did railroads have over canals for transporting freight in the 1830s? a. Railroads could be constructed on all types of terrain. b. Railroads could be used efficiently in any weather. c. No answer text provided. d. Railroads could be built using readily available materials.

b

What was the main factor that led to racial derision between the white settlers in California Territory and the Hispanic-Americans who already lived there? a. Hispanic-Americans were accused of taking the best jobs in the new territory. b. Hispanic-Americans did not like having to pay the new taxes levied on them. c. Hispanic-Americans felt that the white settlers were disrupting their cultural practices.

b

What was the primary motivation for most settlers in the western territories in the 1800s? a. the possibility of finding gold b. the promise of free land c. the allure of adventure

b

Which American reformer was most closely associated with public education? a. Robert Owen b. Horace Mann c. Ralph Waldo Emerson d. Willy Wonka

b

Which country's emigrants made up the largest foreign group in the United States' urban population in the mid-1800s? a. Germany b. Ireland c. No answer text provided. d. Italy

b

Which of the following was not a reason the United States was reluctant to annex Texas? a. Adding Texas would upset the balance between free and slave states in Congress. b. Texans considered U.S. citizens inferior and did not want to be part of their country. c. The United States did not want to fight a war with Mexico. d. Annexing Texas would add more slave territory to the United States and anger abolitionists.

b

South Carolina threatened to nullify which federal act? a. the expansion of the transportation infrastructure b. the abolition of slavery c. the protective tariff on imported goods d. the rotation in office that expelled several federal officers

c

Texas won its independence from Mexico in ________. a. 1821 b. 1845 c. 1836 d. 1830

c

The 1819 expedition led by James Long established a short-lived republic in Texas known as ________. a. the Lone Star Republic b. Columbiana c. the Republic of Texas d. the Republic of Fredonia

c

The 1830 Indian Removal Act is best understood as ________. a. an example of President Jackson forcing Congress to pursue an unpopular policy b. an example of laws designed to integrate Indians into American life c. an illustration of the widespread hatred of Indians during the Age of Jackson d. an effort to deprive the Cherokee of their slave property

c

The Land Act of 1820 did which of the following to encourage settlers to move west? a. It offered free land for settlers willing to improve it. b. It allowed for the construction of roads and canals. c. It gave settlers the chance to buy land very cheaply.

c

The Santa Fe Trail was established between Missouri and New Mexico for which primary purpose? a. to serve as a route for the U.S. military to transport troops and weapons b. to serve as a route for settlers migrating westward c. to serve as a route for trade with Mexicans and Native Americans

c

The canal that connected the Hudson River to Lake Erie and markets in the West was called the a. Reading Railroad b. Cumberland Road c. Erie Canal d. Panama Canal

c

The construction of new canals in the eastern United States during the mid-1800s led to which of the following conditions in the eastern states? a. No answer text provided. b. Wheat and other grains were farmed in more regions. c. Port cities such as New York City and Boston thrived. d. Shipping costs between major cities dropped sharply.

c

What differentiated the economy in the southern United States from the economy in the northern United States in the nineteenth century? a. No answer text provided. b. The southern states' industrial centers were fewer and spaced further apart. c. The southern states' economies relied upon agriculture and not manufacturing. d. The southern states did not have the labor resources that northern states did.

c

What was the lasting impact of the Bucktail Republican Party in New York? a. They elevated Martin Van Buren to the national political stage. b. They pushed for the expansion of the canal system. c. They changed state election laws from an appointee system to a system of open elections. d. They implemented universal suffrage.

c

Which Native American tribe most resisted forced relocation under the Indian Removal Act? a. the Choctaw tribe b. the Shawnee tribe c. the Seminole tribe

c

Which of the following did not characterize political changes in the 1830s? a. political battles between Whigs and Democrats b. stronger partisan ties c. increasing political power of free black voters d. higher voter participation

c

Which of the following was not a factor in the transportation revolution? a. the canal system b. the steam-powered locomotive c. the combustion engine d. the government-funded road system

c

Which of the following was not a provision of the Compromise of 1850? a. California was admitted as a free state. b. Residents of New Mexico and Utah were to decide for themselves whether their territories would be slave or free. c. Slavery was abolished in Washington, DC. d. A stronger fugitive slave law was passed.

c

Which social class was most drawn to amusements like P. T. Barnum's museum? a. middle-class northerners b. southern planter elites c. wage workers d. northern business elites

c

a political party, formed in 1848, that sought to exclude slavery from the western territories, leaving these areas open for settlement by white farmers and ensuring that white laborers would not have to compete with slaves

Free-Soil Party

a nickname for Andrew Jackson's informal group of loyal advisers

Kitchen Cabinet

a political party formed in 1840 by those who believed political measures were the best means by which abolition could be accomplished

Liberty Party

the 1840 election, in which the Whigs painted William Henry Harrison as a man of the people

Log Cabin Campaign

the practice of showing respect for individuals who had distinguished themselves through accomplishments or birth

Code of Deference

five separate laws passed by Congress in September 1850 to resolve issues stemming from the Mexican Cession and the sectional crisis

Compromise of 1850

a canal that connected the Hudson River to Lake Erie and markets in the West

Erie Canal

Alexis de Tocqueville's phrase warning of the dangers of American democracy

Tyranny of Majority

the program of federally sponsored roads and canals, protective tariffs, and a national bank advocated by Henry Clay and enacted by President Adams

American System

northern Democrats loyal to Martin Van Buren who opposed the extension of slavery into the territories and broke away from the main party when it nominated a pro-popular sovereignty candidate

Barnburners

the group led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark on the expedition to explore and map the territory acquired in the Louisiana Purchase

Corps of Discovery

the term that Andrew Jackson's supporters applied to John Quincy Adams's 1824 election, which had occurred through the machinations of Henry Clay in the U.S. House of Representatives

Corrupt Bargain

a national highway that provided thousands with a route from Maryland to Illinois

Cumberland Road

the lands west of the Rio Grande ceded to the United States by Mexico in 1848, including California, Arizona, New Mexico, Nevada, Utah, and parts of Wyoming and Colorado

Mexican Cession

an agreement reached in Congress in 1820 that allowed Missouri to enter the Union as a slave state, brought Maine into the Union as a free state, and prohibited slavery north of 36° 30' latitude

Missouri Compromise

the first steam-powered locomotive railroad

Mohawk and Hudson Railroad

originally, simply the system of having term limits on political appointments; in the Jackson era, this came to mean the replacement of officials with party loyalists

Rotation in Office

a term northerners used to describe the disproportionate influence that they felt elite southern slaveholders wielded in both domestic and international affairs

Slave Power

the political system of rewarding friends and supporters with political appointments

Spoils System

Known as the __________________________________ to Southerners. It was introduced in 1828 and placed a high duty on imported goods in order to help American manufacturers, which southerners viewed as unfair and harmful to their region

Tariff of Abominations

A proposal to prohibit the importation of slaves to Missouri following its admission to the United States was made by ________. a. Henry Clay b. John Quincy Adams c. John C. Calhoun d. James Tallmadge

d

After the American Revolution, the United States' westward expansion began with the early exploration of which region? a. No answer text provided. b. the Mississippi Delta c. the Great Lakes Basin d. the Ohio River Valley

d

As a result of the Adams-Onís Treaty, the United States gained which territory from Spain? a. California b. Nevada c. New Mexico d. Florida

d

How did President Jackson respond to Congress's re-chartering of the Second Bank of the United States? a. He signed it into law. b. He gave states the right to implement it or not. c. He wrote a counter-proposal. d. He vetoed it.

d

In what way was the social status of women in the United States affected by early industrialization? a. No answer text provided. b. The economic significance of women as consumers was increased. c. Both genders were needed to fill the same positions. d. Women were allowed to focus their attention outside of the domestic sphere.

d

Texans defeated the army of General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna at the battle of ________. a. the Alamo b. Austin c. Nacogdoches d. San Jacinto

d

The practice of allowing residents of territories to decide whether their land should be slave or free was called ________. a. the Wilmot Proviso b. the democratic process c. the Free Soil solution d. popular sovereignty

d

What was the significance of the Cumberland Road? a. It reduced the time it took to move goods from New York Harbor to Lake Erie. b. It improved trade from the Port of New Orleans. c. It was the first paved road. d. It gave settlers a quicker way to move west.

d

Which American city developed as a result of industrialization in the nineteenth century? a. Baltimore b. Atlanta c. No answer text provided. d. Cincinnati

d

Which of the following groups supported the abolition of slavery? a. wage workers b. northern business elites c. southern planter elites d. middle-class northerners

d

breaking an artisanal production process into smaller steps that unskilled workers can perform

deskilling

a labor system whereby a merchant hired different families to perform specific tasks in a production process

putting-out system

"hard" money, usually in the form of gold and silver coins

specie