HIT 201 Chapter 10 homework

Mr. Johnson is a 67-year-old who has just been diagnosed with a myocardial infarction. He asks the nurse what he can do to prevent another heart attack. What is the nurse's best response?

"Smoking, lack of exercise, and diet contribute to heart disease."

List the types of vessels in the order a drop of blood would flow through in the systemic circulatory route beginning with the aorta.

1 Artery 2 Arteriole 3 Capillary 4 Venule 5 Vein

The cardiac output for someone with a heart rate of 68 beats/min and a stroke volume of 75 mL/beat is ______ mL/min.

5100

What happens when the atria of the heart contract? Blood enters the ventricles. The ventricles are relaxing. Atrial contraction also causes atrial systole. The tricuspid valve opens. All of these are correct.

All of these are correct.

What cardiac disorder is characterized by heaviness or pain in the chest caused by a temporary or reversiblemyocardial ischemia?

Angina pectoris

Vagal tone is the control of the pace of the heart by the ______ nervous system.

autonomic

The pH, carbon dioxide, and oxygen in the blood are monitored by ______.

chemoreceptors

Cardiac muscle tissue contains ______ , a storage molecule for glucose.

glycogen

The layer of the heart that "does the heart's work" is the ______.

myocardium

Cardiac muscle tissue contains ______ to store oxygen.

myoglobin

A(n) ______ rhythm is produced if the AV node is the ectopic focus.

nodal

The definition of cardiac output is the ______. number of times per minute that the heart beats concentration of blood in the heart at any given time difference between systole and diastole rhythm of the heart none of these are correct

none of these are correct

All of the following happen to the cardiovascular system as a result of aging and hypertension except ______. the heart becomes less efficient due to decreased resting stroke volume, which decreases cardiac output the vessels thicken and become less elastic vascular resistance increases with age in individuals with hypertension none of these are correct. They all happen to the cardiovascular system as a result of aging and hypertension

none of these are correct. They all happen to the cardiovascular system as a result of aging and hypertension

An example of angiogenesis is ______.

persistent buildup of metabolic waste, causing new vessel growth to increase blood flow

Which of the following statements accurately describes vessel anatomy?

Arteries carry blood away from the heart to the capillaries.

What structure carries the electrical impulse from the AV node toward the apex of the heart?

Atrioventricular bundle

Which valve in the heart is also known as an atrioventricular valve?

Bicuspid valve and tricuspid valve

What is the relationship between blood pressure, resistance, and flow? Select all that apply.

Blood pressure is dependent on cardiac output, blood volume, and resistance. Blood flow is the amount of blood flowing to an area in a given amount of time. A hematocrit is a good indicator of blood viscosity.

Which of the following statements is (are) accurate concerning cardiac muscle? Select all that apply.

Cardiac muscle is specially adapted to use anaerobic respiration. Cardiac muscle can be found in the myocardium. Cardiac muscle has an absolute refractory period.

Which of the following statements is (are) accurate concerning cardiac output? Select all that apply.

Cardiac output is increased if the heart rate is increased. Cardiac output is dependent on heart rate and stroke volume.

The patient is hemorrhaging. The nurse knows that this will have what implication on preload?

Decreased

Both the SA and AV nodes are not functioning. What should the nurse assess the patient for?

Decreased ventricular rate

What is the term for inflammation of the lining of the heart?

Endocarditis

Which term describes the fact that the heart must pump out the amount of blood it receives?

Frank-Starling law of the heart

Bill is an 80-year-old who has not exercised much in the last 20 years and does not watch his diet. What would you expect concerning his cardiovascular health? Select all that apply.

His vessels have stiffened. He is probably hypertensive if he has a lot of sodium in his diet.

The client has just been diagnosed with an aortic aneurysm. Which of the following would be considered a risk factor for thedevelopment of an aneurysm?

Hypertension

The patient's blood pressure is falling. How does the body respond?

Increasing the heart rate

Which of the following is a factor in the local control of blood pressure?

Inflammation

How is cardiac muscle specialized to avoid fatigue?

It can use a variety of fuels.

Which of the following chambers of the heart contain oxygenated blood?

Left atrium and left ventricle

The patient has just returned from cardiovascular heart surgery. The chest tube has stopped draining, and the nurse suspects cardiac tamponade. The nurse should assess for which of the following?

Muffled heart sounds

Given that Norm has a pulse of 136 beats/min and a stroke volume of 80 mL/beat when he works out, what else is true?

Norm's cardiac output is over 10 L/min.

Identify the ways that tissues autoregulate their blood supply. Select all that apply.

Opening precapillary sphincters - - -

Which of the following chemicals does not have a positive chronotropic effect?

Potassium

The patient has mitral valve stenosis. What might this cause?

Pulmonary hypertension

Which of the following is not considered one of the mechanisms that aids in venous return?

Pulse pressure

Which statement does not describe how blood is returned to the heart?

Smooth muscles massage the veins.

Which of the following diagnostic tests is used to assess the function of the heart during physical activity?

Stress test

As Nick and Kate exercise, which of the following happen?

They experience increased venous return to the heart.

How is blood returned to the heart? Select all that apply.

Through cardiac suction Through gravity Through the skeletal muscle pump Through the thoracic pump

What is the anatomy of blood vessels?

Veins and arteries have three tunics.

What should a nurse know the T wave represents?

Ventricular repolarization

Match each description with the type of vessel.

Venules--Receive blood from capillaries Arterioles--Deliver blood to capillaries Large veins--Have three tunics and large lumens Capillaries--Allow for the exchange of materials Arteries--Have large amounts of elastic fibers to expand and contract with each heartbeat

Which of the following is not a wave on an ECG?

Z

Factors that influence the heart rate include ______. the function of the medulla oblongata in the brain parasympathetic innervation the release of epinephrine from the adrenal gland the concentration of potassium in the body all of these are correct

all of these are correct

An arrhythmia is described as ______.

an irregular heart rate and an abnormal heart rhythm

Heaviness or pain in the chest caused by a temporary or reversible myocardial ischemia is called ______ pectoris.

angina

The thin walled upper chambers of the heart that receive blood returning to the heart are called ______.

atria

Effects of aging on the cardiovascular system cause ______.

vessels to thicken and become less elastic

Veins in which the valves that prevent the backflow of blood are not working properly are called ______ veins.

varicose