HIV

The CDC recommends everyone between what ages gets tested for HIV?

13-64 years old

For AIDs dx criteria what does the CD4 cell count have to be?

200 or less

What confirms an HIV dx?

3 consecutive positive test results

Which statement indicates a client understands transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Select the three correct answers: 1. "I can contract the HIV virus by eating from used utensils" 2. "It is good to know you cannot get HIV from a blood transfusion" 3. "I can contract HIV by using the bathroom of a person who is HIV positive" 4. "I can contract HIV by participating in oral sex" 5. "HIV is contacted by using contaminated needles" 6. "HIV can be transmitted during pregnancy, delivery and with breast feeding"

4, 5, 6

What is the normal range for CD4 cells?

800-1,200

What kind of therapy limits the ability of a virus to replicate by interfering with parts of the HIV life cycle? This type of therapy requires a ____________ of meds (3 meds from at least 2 drug classes).

ART, combination

A client is being screened with a rapid HIV antibody test. Which information will the nurse include when a client asks to be screened for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection? A. Shows how much of the HIV virus is present in the blood B. Identifies the number of CD4 cells that are in the blood C. Detects antibodies to HIV and may not detect acute infection

C

Which statement by the client on combination antiretroviral (ART) for the management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) indicates the need for further teaching? A. "I must take all doses of medication as scheduled" B. "All my medications must be taken to help prevent medication resistance" C. "These antiretroviral medications will cure my HIV infection"

C

What lab test can measure immune status? What are the normal levels for this lab?

CD4, 800-1,200.

Patho: HIV binds to _____ receptors, permitting entrance into _____ cells. HIV allows _____ to create "new" _____ set for CD4 cells. All new CD4 cells created are now _________. ________ splits new infected DNA strands into smaller pieces called ________ which destroy original CD4 cells and are released into circulation. When too many CD4 cells are destroyed there is an increased risk for _________.

CD4, CD4, RNA, DNA, infected, proteases, virions, infection.

For AIDs dx criteria Kaposi's sarcoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, immunoblastic lymphoma, and primary lymphoma of the brain indicate what part of the dx criteria?

Cancer

Which organism is a common opportunistic infection in the mouth in a client with HIV?

Candidiasis

Stage 2 of HIV is known as what stage? Are the CD4 cells during the second stage normal or abnormal? S/S; Fever, sore _____, _______ aches, enlarged ______ ______, rash, headache, and photophobia.

Early (acute), Normal, throat, muscle, lymph nodes.

Stage 4 of HIV is known as what stage? S/S: Persistant ______, diarrhea, and weight ______. CD4 cell levels are below what? _______ infections, cancers, and _______ disease can occur during the fourth stage.

Crisis, fever, loss, 500, opportunistic, neurological

Stage 1 of HIV is known as what stage? How long can the first stage last? Are there detectable changes in CD4 cells in the first stage? Are there any noticeable S/S in the first stage? What is the most important thing to know about this stage?

Incubation, weeks-10 years, No, No, most infectious.

Stage 3 of HIV is known as what stage? Is a pt. in the third stage symptomatic or asymptomatic? The virus is ________ during the third stage. _________ infections are possible during the third stage. Lymphadenopathy is common in the third stage. Are the CD4 cells normal or abnormal during the third stage.

Latent, asymptomatic, dormant, opportunistic, normal.

Does undetectable viral load indicate that the pt. is cured?

No

For AIDs dx criteria fungal candidas, pneumocystis infection, viral infection, protozoal infection, and bacterial infection indicate what part of the dx criteria?

Opportunistic infection

What kind of therapy is taken AFTER a potential exposure? This therapy has to be started within how many hours of exposure? This kind of therapy is only for what? This kind of therapy must be taken for how many days? Truvada/Isentress and Truvada/Dolutegravir are common drugs used for this therapy.

PEP, 72, emergencies, 28

Working in healthcare (needle stick injuries), blood transfusions, and organ/tissue transplants are examples of what kind of HIV transmission?

Parenteral

Pregnancy, childbirth, and breastfeeding are examples of what kind of HIV transmission?

Perinatal

What therapy prevents pt. from becoming infected with HIV? Does a pt. taking this therapy have to be HIV - or +? A pt. has to be engaging in what kind of activities to take this therapy? Truvada and Descovy are common drugs used for this therapy.

PrEP, -, high risk.

HIV is a retrovirus which means it copies _____ before _____? HIV must be inside a living or non-living cell? What specific lymphocyte cell hosts HIV?

RNA, DNA, Living, CD4

What HIV test give immediate results and must be followed up with a standard antibody test? What HIV test includes EIA, WB, and IFA?

Rapid HIV antibody test, standard antibody test.

HIV is what kind of virus? What does HIV insert into a host?

Retrovirus, DNA.

What term described when a person becomes HIV +, HIV antibodies develop and can be detected by blood test, can take a few weeks to develop.

Seroconversion

Unprotected sex and multiple sexual partners are examples of what kind of HIV transmission?

Sexual

What are the three forms of HIV transmission?

Sexual, Parenteral, Perinatal

What lab test measures number of HIV cells present? What level indicates detectability of this lab?

Viral load, above 200.

What lab can detect neutropenia? What is the normal range for this lab?

WBC, 4,000-11,000

For AIDs dx criteria Loss of more than 10% of ideal body mass indicates what part of the dx criteria?

Wasting syndrome

Prevention of HIV (Remember "Weaken") _________ from treated sources. _______ foods not raw or pasteurized. ______ risky sexual or drug activity. Keep _______ up to date. _________ to animal feces limited. Need to take _____.

Water, eat, avoid, vaccines, exposure, ART.

The period during which a patient has HIV infection but no antibodies are present. This period is known as the ________ _______.

Window period

What term describes HIV infection is present for several weeks before antibodies are formed.

Window period

What kind of OTC drugs can interact with ART drugs? What specific OTC drug can interact with ART drugs

herbals, St, johns wort.