HIV Meds

Reverse transcriptase inhibitors block the

reverse transcriptase enzyme so the HIV material cannot change into DNA in the new cell, preventing new HIV copies from being created.

A 38-year-old man is being treated for HIV-1 with nevirapine (Viramune). Signs of severe liver dysfunction have been noted by the health care provider and a change in the drug therapy is necessary. The nurse explains to the client that:

the therapy will be discontinued.

While providing care to a client with HIV infection, the nurse knows that reverse transcriptase is an enzyme that retroviruses use to affect RNA and DNA to turn:

viral RNA into viral DNA.

Viral infections commonly occur in what age group>

All age groups

Amprenavir is an

anti-retroviral agent, classified as a protease inhibitor, used to treat HIV infection.

Efavirenz, an anti-viral medication, is prescribed for a client diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Which time would the nurse instruct the client is best to take this medication?

At bedtime

NON -NUCLEOSIDE reverse transcriptase inhibitor MOA

Binds directly to reverse transcriptase and blocks RNA-and DNA

A patient began combination anti-retroviral therapy 7 months ago and is being followed closely by a care team that includes members of several disciplines. When attempting to determine the efficacy of the patient's current drug regimen, the nurse should prioritize which of the following laboratory data?

CD4 cell count

The most important consideration for initiating and appraising anti-retroviral therapy and initiation and or discontinuation of chemoprophylaxis for opportunistic diseases is the

CD4 cell count

A client is diagnosed with HIV infection. What is the most important factor to consider when initiating chemoprophylaxis?

CD4 count

A client with a diagnosis of AIDS has been prescribed valganciclovir. The nurse should expect that this client has developed what AIDS-related complication?

CMV retinitis

The client diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has begun therapy with zidovudine. The nurse would monitor which laboratory result during treatment with this medication?

Complete blood count

It will be most important for the nurse to monitor nevirapine therapy for a male patient during the first few months of therapy in order to:

assess for potentially life-threatening hepatotoxicity or skin reactions.

A client who is diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositive has been taking stavudine. The nurse would monitor which parameter closely while the client is taking this medication.

Gait

A client with active AIDS is infected with a retrovirus. This virus is better known as which?

HIV

What constitutes viral load?

HIV RNA particles within the blood

In HIV transmission drug therapy what can occur?

Hematologic toxicities, including granulocytopenia and severe anemia.

The client diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is taking nevirapine. The nurse would monitor for which side/adverse effects of the medication?

Hepatotoxicity Rash Stevens-Johnson syndrome hepatitis increased transaminase levels

A client who is positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is prescribed the protease inhibitor atazanavir. Which laboratory test will the nurse anticipate being prescribed before the client receives a dose of the medication?

liver function tests

You are caring for a 32-year-old client who is receiving saquinavir, a protease inhibitor. What effect can saquinavir have on other medications that the client is already taking?

It can increase the risk of toxicity associated with the other medications

A client with HIV has had a CCR5 co-receptor antagonist added to the anti-retroviral regimen. What assessment should the nurse prioritize?

Liver function

Lamivudine is a

NUCLEOSIDE reverse transcriptase inhibitor and antiviral medication.

A client is ordered to receive an anti-retroviral agent that is categorized as a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Which drugs would the nurse expect to administer?

Nevirapine

Stavudine medication can cause

Peripheral neuropathy, characterized by numbness, tingling, or pain in the hands or feet, can occur frequently with this medication and is an adverse effect.

A nursing instructor is explaining the different categories of anti-retroviral agents used in the treatment for HIV infection. The instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students choose which category as affecting an enzyme so that new viral particles cannot mature.

Protease inhibitors

The nurse is reviewing the results of serum laboratory studies drawn on a client diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who is receiving didanosine. The nurse determines that the client may have the medication discontinued by the primary health care provider (PHCP) if which significantly elevated result is noted?

Serum amylase

A male patient has been prescribed efavirenz as monotherapy for HIV. On follow-up visits to the clinic, it will be most important for the nurse to assess for which of the following?

Signs of microbial resistance

Zidovudine is prescribed for an adult client diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Which statement by the nurse would provide the best instruction to the client about the medication?

Space the medication doses evenly around the clock."

Integrase Inhibitors MOA

Stops the virus from inserting itself into DNA of human cells

The nurse is providing health education to a client who has recently been diagnosed with HIV and will soon begin anti-retroviral therapy. What teaching point should the nurse prioritize?

The need to adhere rigidly to the prescribed drug schedule

A client is being treated with saquinavir for AIDS. The client history includes a BMI of 37.98%, hyperlipidemia, and sleep apnea. Based on the client history, why would caution be used when the client is started on saquinavir?

There are potential adverse effects associated with hyperlipidemia.

Specific antiretrovirals work in different ways. Which describes one mechanism of action of antiretrovirals?

They are protease inhibitors, which block the protease enzyme so the new viral particles cannot mature.

A female client's healthcare provider orders a combination of anti-retroviral drugs to treat her illness. The client states that she is concerned because she fears increased adverse effects. What is the reason for using combination antiretroviral medications?

To increase effectiveness

A client with HIV is frustrated by the size and complexity of the current medication regimen. What should the nurse teach the client about combination therapy for the treatment of HIV?

Use of combination therapy attacks the virus at different stages of the life cycle.

The nurse is reinforcing medication instructions to a client with a diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who is prescribed saquinavir. Which instruction would the nurse most appropriately provide the client in regard to taking this medication?

Within 2 hours after a full meal

The nurse is assessing a client admitted with AIDS whose current antiretroviral regimen includes a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. What nursing diagnosis related to drug therapy is most likely to be appropriate for this client?

malnutrition related to gastrointestinal (GI) effects of the drugs

Didanosine can cause

pancreatitis. The medication is also hepatotoxic and can result in liver failure.

Nucleoside MOA

converts the viral RNA to DNA stops the HIV replication

Anti-retroviral drugs should be used cautiously in clients with

diabetes, impaired hepatic function, pregnancy, or hemophilia.

Saquinavir drug therapy should be used cautiously in clients with

elevated triglyceride or cholesterol levels because fat redistribution and hyperlipidemia are among the adverse effects associated with the use of PIs.

Signs of effective drug therapy in clients with HIV include

increased CD4+ (T helper) cell counts and decreased viral load.

Protease Inhibitors MOA

inhibits new viral particles from maturing

A common side/adverse effect of zidovudine

is leukopenia and anemia

In HIV transmission drug therapy what is needed?

periodic blood monitoring is needed.

Indinavir, saquinavir, and ritonavir are classified as

protease inhibitors.