HLT230 MIDTERM

What is a fad diet?

A weight loss diet that promotes quick results, and often without exercise

What is the major energy carrier molecule in most cells?

ATP

Which statement is true? Aquafaba is a brand of bottled water. Aquafaba is a bean liquid, high in fiber. Aquafaba is a bean liquid, high in protein, and used as an egg replacer. Aquafaba is a new water beverage low in calories.

Aquafaba is a bean liquid, high in protein, and used as an egg replacer.

Which of the following is (are) best suited for slowing alcohol absorption? Not eating Protein snacks Caffeine drinks Carbohydrate foods

Carbohydrate foods

what is considered to be the leading federal agency that protects human health and safety?

Centers for Disease Control (CDC)

What is the major sterol in the diet?

Cholesterol

Soybeans grow in a pod. The pod is not consumed. They are high in protein, high in fiber and low in fat. What is the Japanese name for soybeans in the pod?

Edamame

The government agency that regulates food labeling in the United States is the

FDA

Which of these food items would contain significant amount of sodium? Grape Juice Cheerios Salmon burgers Frozen dinners

Frozen dinners

Which substance is secreted primarily by the stomach cells and promotes eating and weight gain by increasing smell sensitivity, stimulating appetite, and promoting efficient energy storage? Serotonin Leptin Ghrelin Lipoprotein Lipase

Ghrelin

Which lipoprotein is considered to be the "healthy one?" Chylomicron LDL VLDL HDL

HDL

developed by the Department of Health and Human Services, the ____ agenda encompasses hundreds of nutrition-related objectives for the nation

Healthy People 2020

the ____ represents the average daily nutrient intake level that meets the nutrient requirements of 97% to 98% of healthy individuals

RDA (recommended daily allowance)

Some medicines are used to treat atherosclerosis by lowering LDLs. What are they?

Statins and prescription strength niacin

Eventually all energy yielding nutrients enter the

TCA cycle

What is the name of the label you see on food packages?

The Nutrition Facts

In an effort to provide similar food products there is a law that exists which determines the type, the quantity and the size of food items used in particular products. A standardized recipe is used. What is this law called?

The Standards of Identity Law

The main source of dietary fat and the main storage form of body fat is (are)

Triglycerides

What are some ways to identify sources of sugar on the Ingredient List a. molasses and honey b. agave nectar c. glucose a and b a and c

a and b

a serving size of meat is about the size of..

a deck of cards

Which of the following is NOT required on food labels? a health claim the ingredient list the name and address of the vendor the net contents of the package

a health claim

appetite is defined as:

a psychological desire to consume a specific food

What is complementary protein nutrition?

a strategy that combines plant proteins in the same day to improve the balance of essential amino acids

which monosaccharide is the preferred source of energy for the brain? a. glucose b. fructose c. galactose d. glycogen

a. glucose

responding to the presence of protein and fat in our meal, cholecystokinin (CCK) signals the gallbladder to release a substance called:

bile

the gallbladder stores and concentrates ____

bile

Which of the following provides incomplete protein? egg whites black beans chicken milk

black beans

one of the most important points to consider when assessing the reliability of a media report is the issue of:

conflict of interest

Which of the following is considered to have the highest percent polyunsaturated fat? butter corn oil lard coconut oil

corn oil

a food label ingredient list reads in the following order: wheat flour, vegetable oil, sugar salt, cornstarch. what item would be found in the smallest amount in the food?

cornstarch

which of the following on a food label is a good source of protein? a. V8 juice b. pita bread c. avocado d. tofu

d. tofu

what is the primary cause of malabsorption in people with celiac disease?

damage to the villi of the small intestine

The the main benefit of Omega-3 fats is to

decrease inflammation

lactose intolerance is due to a(n):

deficiency of lactase

Which of the following is a factor that determines the hardness of a fat at a given temperature? origin of the fat degree of saturation with hydrogen number of acid groups number of oxygen atoms

degree of saturation with hydrogen

When you fry an egg, the egg white changes. This application of heat to a protein that causes its shape to change is know as

denaturation

Food on the Ingredient List of the label panel are listed in

descending order by net weight

three chronic diseases in the US -- heart disease, stroke and ____ -- are strongly associated with poor nutrition

diabetes

When two amino acids are chemically joined together, the resulting structure is called a

dipeptide

Lipids differ in their degree of saturation or unsaturation due to their number of

double bonds

Dr. S is conducting a clinical trial to determine if vitamin XX can improve test performance of students in an intro college nutrition course. Dr. S puts all the students' names in a hat and draws names to determine if they will be placed in the control or the experimental group. the experimental group recieves a capsule of vitamin XX and the control group a "sugar pill" that tastes and looks identical to the vitamin XX capsule. Neither Dr. S nor the participants know who is recieveing which tx. the experiment is best described as:

double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled

the first section of the small intestine is called the:

duodenum

Tissue swelling that results from water accumulating between cells is known as

edema

Trevor's doctor wants to screen him for DM1 by administering a glucose tolerance test. If his doctor's suspicions are correct and Trevor does have DM1, what would you expect his BG concentration to be at approx 2 HOURS after the test?

elevated as compared to a healthy individual

A catabolic reaction involves the breakdown of compounds with the release of?

energy

proteins that act to speed up body processes, but are NOT changed in the process are called:

enzymes

the cartilage in the throat that guards the entrance to the trachea and prevents fluid and food from entering it when a person swallows is known as the _____

epiglottis

which structure keeps swallowed food from entering the trachea?

epiglottis

a bolus travels from the mouth to the stomach vis the:

esophagus

What is the term used for nutrients that are not produced by the body at all, or in sufficient quantities to meet needs?

essential nutrients

A body mass index of less than 25 is considered underweight and unhealthy (t/f)

false

lipids are a large group of substance that are soluble in water (t/f)

false

the new food labels will follow the same serving size amounts as in previous years (t/f)

false

the process of digesting carbs begins in the stomach, where amylase is secreted. (t/f)

false

when energy-yielding nutrients are consumed in excess, which one(s) can lead to storage of fat?

fat, carbs, protein

Jenny is trying to lose weight by decreasing the fat in her diet. At the grocery store she is overwhelmed by all the claims on the food product labels. She finally chooses an expensive fat-free frozen dessert. Which of the following would be an appropriate analysis of Jenny's decision? most frozen desserts are fat free; she doesn't need to pay extra money for one. since fats contribute 9 calories/gm she can eat twice as many calories from this dessert and still lose weight. as long as she eats dessert before 9PM she won't gain that much weight. fat-free products typically have a lot of added sugar that their calories can still be high

fat-free products typically have a lot of added sugar that their calories can still be high

what kind of nutrients does the lymphatic system carry to the bloodstream?

fats and fat-soluble vitamins

Flax sees are ground into flaxmeal and eaten for their heart health benefits. They are rich in Omega-3 fat and what carbohydrate?

fiber

stevia is:

from the sunflower family of plants

which of the following is a hormone that is responsible for increasing # of mucosal cells in the stomach?

gastrin

for many people suffering from GERD, the ____ is malfunctioning

gastroesophageal sphincter

Which of the following animal derived proteins is classified as a poor quality protein? fish cheese gelatin roast beef

gelatin

All of the following compounds may be synthesized from cholesterol EXCEPT bile glucose vitamin D sex hormones

glucose

which protein will trigger an immune response in a person with celiac disease?

gluten

A percent Daily Value of 10% means that food contains a(n) __________ source of that nutrient.

good

Enriched is a term that applies only to

grain products

which hormone is the most powerful fat burning hormone?

growth hormone

Excessive amount of homocysteine in the blood are thought to increase the risk for

heart disease

A serving of a bagel should be the same size as a

hockey puck

Which of the following ingredients would alert you to the presence of trans fatty acids in a food product? lecithin liquid corn oil hydrogenated vegetable oil butter

hydrogenated vegetable oil

the ____ is the organ most responsible for promoting us to seek food

hypothalamus

in the scientific method, the ____ is also called the research question

hypothesis

Which of the following would you NOT expect to see in a child with Kwashiorkor? edema dysentery increased infection rate increased physical activity

increased physical activity

after a meal, which hormone is responsible for moving glucose into the body's cells?

insulin

every time you eat, and regardless of what you eat, which hormone spikes?

insulin

which 2 pancreatic hormones are responsible for regulating blood glucose levels?

insulin and glucagon

When looking for a healthy cereal to purchase it is advisable to select one that

is low in sugar and high in fiber

Which of the following is a feature of cholesterol? it can be synthesized by the body it has no relation to heart disease it's recommended intake is zero it has no function in the human body

it can be synthesized by the body

a potentially life-threatening consequence of low-carb intake is:

ketoacidosis

in the absence of carb, ____ are produced from the incomplete breakdown of body fat

ketones

which of the following compounds is produced by the liver during the breakdown of fat when carbs are not available?

ketones

Body builders like to take protein and amino acid supplements. They should be informed that such use increases calcium loss, and demand on which organ? stomach kidney liver pancreas

kidney

Each of the following is known to be linked to excessive intake of fats EXCEPT cancer obesity diabetes lactose intolerance

lactose intolerance

in which organ does the majority of beneficial bacteria occur?

large intestine

A sound strategy for eating out more healthfully would be to

limit how frequently you eat at all-you-can-eat buffet style restaurants

Which of the following is a feature of polyunsaturated fats? liquid at room temperature high melting point solid at room temperature solid at refrigerator temperature

liquid at room temperature

what organ is the first to recieve nutrients that have been absorbed from the digestive tract?

liver

the term complex carbohydrates refers to:

oligosaccharides and polysaccharides

Which of these items is considered to contain a large amount of fat per serving? 1 package of Skittles candy 1/2 cup mashed potatoes 1 donut 1 ripe banana

1 donut

Assuming each has the same number of calories, which item has the greatest nutrient density? 1 medium orange 3/4 cup orange juice 2 Thin Mint Girl Scout cookies 1 slice of white bread

1 medium orange

a low sodium food has ___ mg of sodium/serving

140

a typical serving of fruit contains an average of about ____

15 grams

How many different kinds of amino acids make up proteins?

20

If fasting goes beyond how many hours, the body begins to break down muscle and lean tissue to make glucose for our brain and nervous system.

24 hours

A serving of food is considered to be low fat if it has </= _______ grams of fat per 100 calories?

3

the AMDR for fat is approximately:

30%

It's relatively easy to meet our daily protein needs from foods and beverages. Approximately how many grams of protein are found in one quart of milk?

32

A serving of food is considered to be high in fiber if it has ________ grams fiber per serving.

5 grams

A reasonable weight-loss strategy for overweight and obese adults is to increase activity and reduce caloric intake by _____________calories/day.

500

Maria is a healthy 19 year old college student who is not overly active. She is 5'8" tall and weight 145 pounds. How many grams of protein would you recommend she consume each day?

53

Kelly consumed a breakfast that contained 85 grams of carbs, 20 grams of protein, and 18 grams of fat. how many kcals did Kelly eat at breakfast?

582

A serving of low sodium food contains

</= 140 mgs of sodium

when consuming a frozen meal, aim to keep the grams of fat

<10 grams

The Mediterranean Diet is derived from the food intake of those living in countries such as Portugal, Spain, Italy, France, Greece, Turkey and Israel. It is said to be a healthier diet than the US diet. It is high in fiber and low in refined sugars. The primary source of fat in this meal plan is from

olive oil

Which essential fatty acid plays an important role in reducing a person's risk for heart disease? cholesterol trans fatty acid omega-3 linoleic acid

omega-3

Monounsaturated fats have how many double bonds

one

An aerobic reaction is one that requires

oxygen

insulin is synthesized and released by the:

pancreas

low blood glucose stimulates which organ(s) to release glucagon into the bloodstream?

pancreas

what term applies to the wavelike muscular contractions that move food along the digestive tract?

peristalsis

an easy way to eat healthy is to monitor your plate composition. what is a correct plate composition?

plate- 1/2 veggies; 1/4 grain; 1/4 protein; 1 cup milk

Which of the following represents a positive nitrogen balance? pregnancy long term bed rest severe weight loss increase body fat

pregnancy

beneficial bacteria created in the large intestine are consumed intentionally in ____ foods

probiotic

Protein hydrolyzing enzymes are commonly known as

proteases

a primary function of the mucus in the stomach is to:

protect the stomach lining

An important function of fat in the body is to

protect vital organs against shock

The body's need for water increases on a diet high in

protein

Empty calories are those that

provide energy without few, if any, nutrients

Which of the following grains is a complete protein? white rice wheat corn quinoa

quinoa

your friend would like some professional advice on a weight loss program. which of the following professionals would be best for nutritional advice?

registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN)

essential fatty acids help..

regulate inflammatory processes

the key element in catabolic reactions is that they ___

release energy

Which of the following foods contains cholesterol? roasted vegetables roasted marshmallows roasted turkey roasted peanuts

roasted turkey

Jim eats a fairly balanced diet. Which of these provides a good source of Omega-3 fats? non-fortified eggs salmon low fat american cheese lean chicken breast

salmon

All are physical characteristics of Marasmus EXCEPT "matchstick" arms shiny, long hair wasting with thin and bony appearance wrinkled skin

shiny, long hair

Your college friend, Mike, told you that he's had anemia for quite some time and it's from abnormally shaped hemoglobin causing him to be weak and tired with painful joints. What type of anemia does Mike have?

sickle cell anemia

What part of the GI tract is the predominant site of dietary fat hydrolysis and digestion?

small intestine

the MOST common source of added sugar in the US diet is:

soft drinks

Saturated fats are

solid at room temp

what is the KEY difference btwn soluble fiber and insoluble fiber?

soluble fibers can be digested by bacteria in the colon; insoluble fiber cannot

If phospholipids act as emulsifiers then by definition they are

soluble in both water and fat

which non-nutritive sweetener replaces 3 hydrogen-O2 atoms with 3 chlorine atoms?

splenda

Which of the following substances is classified as a lipid? glycogens cholecystokinin (CCK) sterols phosphates

sterols

Upon eating a hamburger, in what organ is the digestion of its proteins initiated?

stomach

when fructose and glucose are bonded together, they form:

sucrose

a 1/2 cup is about equal to a..

tennis ball

why does carb digestion NOT occur in the stomach?

the hydrochloric acid in the stomach is so strong that it inactivates salivary amylase

which of the following is a characteristic of DM1?

the least common form of diabetes

how do the liver and gallbladder function together in the process of digestion?

the liver produces bile; the gallbladder stores bile and releases it for fat emulsification

how do the pancreas and small intestine function together in the process of digestion?

the pancreas stores inactive digestive enzymes, and they are activated in the small intestine

When looking at the ingredients on a Cracker Jack label, we would see that

the product contains mainly sugar

The first item to notice on the Nutrition Facts label is

the serving size

amino acids are composed of a central carbon connected to various groups. which varies for each amino acid?

the side chain

gluconeogenesis is:

the synthesis of new glucose from amino acids or other sources that are not carbs

during our readings on the tomato you learned that:

the tomato is the fruit part of the vegetable plant

individuals with the disease phenylketonuria (PKU) should not consume the artificial sweetener aspartame. why?

they cannot metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine

which of the following is true regarding DM1?

treatment always involves insulin therapy

The abundance of available food is one example of a cognitive influence that often makes people keep eating after they are full. (t/f)

true

which of the following would be an appropriate treatment approach for someone suffering from GERD?

weight loss and smoking cessation

why is white wheat flour a less nutritious choice than whole wheat flour?

white wheat flour retains only a fraction of wheat's fiber, vitamins, and minerals

Breads can be high or low in fiber content. What term on the Ingredient List of a food label gives the best indication that the bread does in fact provide high fiber?

whole grain wheat flour

What type of fatty acids is found in high amounts in olive oil?

Monounsaturated

A food that provides all nine essential amino acids is called a

complete protein

olfaction occurs in which organ?

nose

Which statement about "Pink Slime" is false? It is defined as finely textured meat. It undergoes an ammonia wash. It is USDA approved. It is illegal to use.

It is illegal to use.

Which of the follow functions is (are) first to be affected when a person begins to drink alcohol? Speech and vision Judgment and reasoning Muscle control Respiration and heart function

Judgment and reasoning

If fasting occurs for an extended time period, the liver will help slow the breakdown of protein and provide an alternate energy source by converting fats to?

Ketones

What is the primary organ that oxidizes alcohol?

Liver

at a birthday party, Sam eats a piece of store bought birthday cake that also makes peanut butter cookies. within minutes, he has trouble breathing, his BP plummets, and he has to be rushed to the hospital for tx. which condition is the MOST likely cause of his symptoms? a. peanut allergy b. peanut intolerance c. gluten allergy d. gluten intolerance

a. peanut allergy

which of the following is a sugar alcohol? a. xylitol b. saccharin c. high fructose corn syrup d. glycogen

a. xylitol

Ceviche is a South American seafood dish that uses what to denature the proteins in the fish?

acid like from a lemon or lime juice

Protein sparing in the body is best achieved when a person ingests

adequate levels of carbohydrate and fat

Cholesterol is found in what type of foods?

animal based

the physiological need for food with no appetite is known as:

anorexia

The hydrogen atoms in a trans fat

are on the opposite sides of the configuration

On the updated Nutrition Facts label what vitamins and minerals must be listed? a. Vitamins A and C b. Vitamin D and potassium c. Calcium and Iron a and c b and c

b and c

which of the following is a non-nutritive sweetener? a. sucrose b. aspartame c. galactose d. fructose

b. aspartame

which of the following is NOT considered to be a true anthropometric test factor? a. height b. body composition c. weight d. waist circumference

b. body composition

which type of absorption requires the use of a carrier protein but not energy? a. passive diffusion b. facilitated diffusion c. active transport d. endocytosis

b. facilitated diffusion

which of the following nutrients yields the most energy per gram? a. carbs b. lipid c. protein d. vitamin

b. lipid

which of the following BEST describes nutrition? a. nutrition is not a science b. nutrition is the science that studies food and how food nourishes our bodies and influences our health c. nutrition is an ancient science that dates back to the fourteenth century d. nutrition is the science of food

b. nutrition is the science that studies food and how food nourishes our bodies and influences our health

In the handout provided, tips were given given from a Dr. Oz. supermarket guide. Which items were not included on that list? fresh fruits and whole grain oats vegetable and nitrate free meats bacon and sausage high fat nuts and seeds

bacon and sausage

yogurt is tolerated better than milk by many lactose-intolerant people because:

bacteria in yogurt help digest the lactose

What substance is produced in the liver and helps to emulsify lipids?

bile

you just finished a breakfast of cereal and milk. what are the listed events of digestion and absorption until lunch time?

blood glucose rises, the pancreas releases insulin which acts as a key and lets glucose into the cells, blood glucose levels fall, the pancreas assists in glycogen breakdown to release glucose and maintain blood sugar levels

Which of the following characteristics is shared by olive oil and canola oil? neither is liquid at room temperature both are solid at room temperature both contain high levels of PUFAs both contain high levels of MUFAs

both contain high levels of MUFAs

Which of the following is a feature of butter and margarine? butter is a major source of trans fatty acids butter contains saturated fat and cholesterol margarine contains as much cholesterol as butter stick margarine contains less trans-fatty acids than soft margarine

butter contains saturated fat and cholesterol

DQ research indicated that Purdue University conducted a study which concluded that which of the following would alter daily brain chemistry, decrease metabolism and hinder weight management efforts? a. 1 slice of white toast b. an 8 oz glass of orange juice c. one 12 oz diet soda d. 2 chocolate chip cookies

c. one 12 oz diet soda

which of the following nutrients is organic? a. minerals b. water c. protein d. iron

c. protein

butter is a: a. polyunsaturated fat b. monounsaturated fat c. saturated fat d. omega fat

c. saturated fat

in a 2012-2013 survey, compared to people who do not binge drink, the people who drank at various binge levels were more likely to experience all of the following except: a. an alcohol-related emergency department visit b. be injured because of drinking c. were less likely to be arrested or have legal problems d. be the driver in an alcohol-related traffic accident

c. were less likely to be arrested or have legal problems

Barbara has just been diagnosed with celiac disease. Which of the following foods would be MOST dangerous for her to consume? a. cornflakes b. rice cakes c. whole wheat bread d. potato bread

c. whole wheat bread

In photosynthesis, the plant uses energy from the sun, plus water and CO2, to synthesize

carbohydrates only

which class of nutrients provides the primary source of energy for our body?

carbs

The following are all examples of complementary protein pairings EXCEPT red beans and rice vegetarian chili with kidney beans and cornbread peanut butter and jelly sandwich on wheat bread chicken, rice and broccoli casserole

chicken, rice and broccoli casserole

the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) were established to refocus nutrient recommendations toward preventing and reducing the risk for:

chronic diseases

What type of protein would the body make in order to heal a wound?

collagen

research studies suggest that a high-fiber diet protects against ____

colon cancer

Your friend Bob has just come back from the doctor where he had a blood lipid profile analysis. The doctor advised him to see an RDN for nutrition counseling as his cholesterol results increased his risk for cardiovascular disease. Which of the following results is consistent with Bob's diagnosis? low LDL and high HDL low HDL and high LDL low LDH and low HDL low HDH and high LDL

low HDL and high LDL

Sarah's doctor wants to screen her for reactive hypoglycemia. If her doctor's suspicions are correct and Sarah does have reactive hypoglycemia, what would you expect her blood glucose concentration to be at approximately 2 HOURS after she had begun her glucose tolerance test?

low when compared to a health individual

immediately after absorption, what circulatory system carries most of the fat-soluble nutrients?

lymphatic

Capsaicin, water and grapefruit have been shown to increase our metabolic rates. What beverage is a remedy for consuming too much capsaicin?

milk

the type of carbs that consist of only a single molecule are called:

monosaccharides

after Michael eats breakfast, his GI tract begins the process of digesting and absorbing the nutrients from his meal. what is the sequence in which each of the organs of the GI tract will work to achieve this process?

mouth: esophagus: stomach: small intestine: large intestine

in the body, the major storage sites for glycogen are the:

muscles and liver

What element is found in proteins but NOT in carbohydrates and fats?

nitrogen

of the 20 amino acids used in the body, 11 are considered to be

non-essential